Microstrip Antenna for Radio Frequency

Nanosatellite Subsystem
Damas W Wangsa
damaswangsa@gmail.com
Abstract Satellite is an object that orbits another object with a certain period of revolution and
rotation. While nanosatellite is miniaturized satellite which sized 10x10x10 or usually called
cubesat with 10kg max weight. Nanosatellite have severals subsystem, including OBDH(On
Board Data Handling), ADCS(Attitude Determine Control Sistem), EPS(Electrical Power
Sistem), and RF(Radio Frequency).
Introduction
Subsystem radio frequency has a
responsibility for every action between
satellite with ground segment (earth station).
Antenna is a utility for sending and
receiving electromagneticwaves, depend on
it usage and using frequency, antenna have
any formsmsuch as a wire, monopole,
microstri, yagi, etc.
Discussion
Antenna microstrip is one of utilization
microstrip hardware for antenna. This kind
can be use for receiving signal
electromagnetic waves include from
satellite. Has a mini shape and thin dont
need more space for mounting it than
another satellite.

Basic characteristic of microstrip antenna :

By the word source microstrip consist of
two word, that is micro(small/thin) and
strip(chip/strip).
Microstrip
antenna
commonly divided by three part. That is:
a. Patch, made from conductor material
like copper or gold that have many
shape(square, circle, triangle, annular
ring). Function of this patch is
radiating electromagnetic waves to
air. Patch and channel supply usually
located above subtract.
b. Substrate dielectric, are made from
dielectric materials.
c. Ground Plane, can be made from
conductor material. This size is
resemble subtract. Has a function for
ground of antenna.

Part of microstrip antena

Pict of microstrip antenna

Advantages and
microstrip antenna :

disadvantages

from

Some of advantages microstrip antenna is :

a. Light weight and has a small
form
b. Made cost is cheap and can make
more
c. The shape can be adapted from
main shape
d. Support polarity linear and
vertical
e. Ability for dual frequency
f. Easy
integerated
with
MIC(microwave
integerated
circuits)
However between advantages above there is
disadvantages from microstrip antenna:
a. Small bandwidth
b. Small efficiency
c. Low affirmation
d. Have low power
e. Appear surfave wave
Application microstrip antenna
Microstrip antenna known with good
performance and good design, and extensive
usability. Advantages from microstrip
antenna is easy to design, light and etc.
microstrip antenna used for many kind of
field such as healthy, satellite, and also
military. That is some application from
microstrip antenna :

Mobile and satellite communication

application
GPS
RFID
WiMax
Radar

Commonly parameters microstrip antenna

Seperti bentuk antenna antenna yang lain,
antenna mikrostrip mempunyai parameter

parameter yang digunakan untuk dilihat

performance yaitu:
a. Gain
Gain (G) on the microstrip antenna is
the ratio of the radiation intensity in
a particular direction to the intensity
of the radiation received when the
received power is derived from an
isotropic antenna.
Gain=4

intensitas radiasi pada arah tertentu

intensitas radiasi yang diterima

Gain=4

U ( , )
Pin

b. VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)

VSWR is ratio between amplitude
standing waves (standing wave)
maximum (|Vmax|) with minimum(|
Vmin|). In the transmission line there
are two components of voltage
waveform, that is voltage delivered
V

0
.

and voltage which is reflected

Comparison

between

voltages reflected and voltages

delivered called reflection coefficient
voltage ( ) .

V 0+=

Z L Z 0
Z L+ Z 0

channel is in a state of perfect

matching. But in fact the value
difficult to obtain so that the base
value used in the antenna VSWR is
generally 2.

V 0

Where

ZL

is load impedance

(load) and

Z0

(lossless).

Reflection

is line impedance
coefficient

voltage ( ) has a complex value,

which is represented magnitude and
phase from reflection. For some
simple case, when imajiner part from
is zero then:
=-1

reflection

negative

maximum when line get short circuit

=0 : no reflection when line in

c. Return Loss
Return loss is the ratio between the
reflected wave amplitude of the
transmitted wave amplitude. Return
loss can occur due to a discontinuity
between the transmission line to the
input impedance of the load
(antenna). In the circuit who coined
the micro wave discontinuity
(mismatched), the amount of return
loss varies depending on the
frequency.
Z Z
V 0+= L 0
Z L+ Z 0
V 0

perfect matched condition

=+1

returnloss=20 log 10
:

reflection

positive

maximum when line and circuit are

open
Formula for get VSWR value:
1
1+

~
V min=
~
V max

S=
The most good conditions are when
the VSWR is 1 (S = 1), which means
there is no reflection when the

Value return loss is commonly used

under -9,54dB, to determine the
width of bandwidth, so it can be said
that the value reflected waves are not
too big compared with the wave had
been submitted or in other words,
already matching the transmission
line. This parameter value is used as
a reference if the antenna is already
working at a frequency that is
appropriate or not.
d. Input impedance
Input impedance from antenna
known as antenna impedance it self

to terminal. Input impedance ( Z )

consist of real part (

Ri n

is relatively more constant with

frequency and formulated:
f f
BW = h 1 100
fc

) and

imajiner part ( X ).
Z =R + j X

where:
f h : high frequency in band (Ghz)

Input resistance ( R ) representing

dissipation that occurs for two
reasons. Firstly because of the left
antenna and back again (radiation),
the latter because of losses - ohmic
losses associated with the heat on the
antenna structure. However, in many
antenna losses - ohmic very small
when compared with a loss - loss due
to radiation. Imajiner part ( X )
represents the reactance of the
antenna and the power stored in the
near field antenna. Matching
conditions must be created so that
approaching
50+j0 .
e. Bandwidth Antenna
Antenna bandwidth is frequency
range in which the antenna
performance related to some
characteristic
(such
as
input
impedance,
radiation
pattern,
beamwidth,
polarization,
gain,
efficiency VSWR, return loss, axial
ratio) meet standard specifications.
In
determining
the
antenna
bandwidth need of specifying what
criteria are used because there is no
standard defifnisi in determining
bandwidth. Bandwidth antenna is
usually written in the form of a
percentage of bandwidth because it

f 1 : low frequency in band (Ghz)

f c : mid frequency in band (Ghz)
Depend on patch shape, microstrip antenna
divide by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Antenna microstrip patch rectangular

Antenna microstrip patch square
Antenna microstrip patch circle
Antenna microstrip pacth ellips
Antenna microstrip patch triangle
Antenna microstrip patch circular
ring

Pict patch of microstrip antenna

SIMULATION ANTENNA MICROSTRIP

FREQ 2,4GHz USING CST
Frequency operation: 2,4Ghz
Dielectric constant of substrate(

): 4,3

The height of the dielectric substrate(h):

1,6mm
The height of conductor(t): 0,035mm

With all informations above then obtained

parameters as below:

Pict design of microstrip

With those parameters we can simulate

through software cst studio suit student
edition 2016.
Pict of s-parameters

Pict of VSWR

Design result microstrip antenna :

Pict of model 3D

Pict of antenna fields

Source list:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniatu
rized_satellite
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubeSa
t
[3] https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antena
_mikrostrip

[8]

[4] http://appliedelectronicsengineering.
blogspot.co.id/2013/08/patchantenna-design-tutorial-with-cst.html
[5] http://casdoper.blogspot.co.id/2014/0
2/antena-mikrostrip.html
[6] http://www.slideshare.net/aymenalob
aidi/design-and-simulationmicrostrip-patch-antenna-using-cstmicrowave-studio
[7] digital_119467-D
00936
Studi
tentang--Literatur.pdf