Devic

es
used
to
overc
ome
the
limita
tions
Name: Amirtha Varshini Thangaraja
Class: 2 Mutiara
Band: B6D1E1
Topic: Devices used to overcome the
limitations of sight
Teachers name: Puan Azizah

Content
Objectives
What are limitations of sight?{for
human}
What are limitations of sight? {for
animals}
What are the devices used to
overcome the limitations of sight?
Conclusion

Objectives

 Understanding light and sight

State the devices used to overcome
limitations of sight

What are Limitations Of

sight?

{For humans}

Optical illusion
Blind spot
Not able to see too far distance
Not able to see too tiny objects
Cannot see through opaque objects

Optical illusion
What we see not only depends on our
eyes, but also in our brain. Sometimes,
the brain distorts images. This gives rise
to optical illusion. The image formed in
the eye is accurate but the brain plays a

trick on us and makes the image

misleading.

Blind spot
When images fall on the blind spot, they
cannot be seen. This is because there
are no photoreceptors on it.

Wh

at

are
Lim

itat
ions Of sight?

{For animals}
Stereoscopic vision
Monocular vision

What are the devices that

are used to overcome the

limitations of sight?

Magnifying glass
Microscope
Telescope
Binoculars
X- ray machine
Ultrasound scanning device

Magnifying glass
A magnifying glass (called a hand lens in laboratory contexts) is a
convex lens that is used to produce a magnified image of an
object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle.
A sheet magnifier consists of many very narrow concentric ringshaped lenses, such that the combination acts as a single lens
but is much thinner. This arrangement is known as a Fresnel lens.
The magnifying glass is an icon of detective fiction, particularly
that of Sherlock Holmes.
The earliest evidence of a magnifying device was a joke in
Aristophanes The Clouds from 424 BC, where magnifying lenses
to start kindling were sold in a pharmacy, and Pliny the Elder's
"lens", a glass globe filled with water, used to cauterize wounds.
(Seneca wrote that it could be used to read letters "no matter
how small or dim").Roger Bacon described the properties of a

magnifying glass in 13th-century England. Eyeglasses were

developed in 13th-century Italy.

Microscope
A

microscope is an instrument used to see

objects that are too small for the naked

eye. The science of investigating small
objects using such an instrument is called
microscopy. Microscopic means invisible to
the eye unless aided by a microscope.
There are many types of microscopes, the
most common and first to be invented is
the optical microscope which uses light to
image the sample. Other major types of
microscopes are the electron microscope
(both the transmission electron microscope
and the scanning electron microscope) and
the various types of scanning probe
microscope.

Telesc

ope

A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation

of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic
radiation (such as visible light). The first known
practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at
the beginning of the 17th century, using glass lenses.

They found use in terrestrial applications and

astronomy.
Within a few decades, the reflecting telescope was
invented, which used mirrors. In the 20th century many
new types of telescopes were invented, including radio
telescopes in the 1930s and infrared telescopes in the
1960s. The word telescope now refers to a wide range of
instruments detecting different regions of the
electromagnetic spectrum, and in some cases other
types of detectors.
The word "telescope" was coined in
1611 by the Greek mathematician
Giovanni Demisiani for one of
Galileo Galilei's instruments
presented at a banquet at the
Accademia dei Lincei.[1][2][3] In the
Starry Messenger, Galileo had used
the term "persepsicullum"

Binoculars
Binoculars, field glasses or binocular telescopes
are a pair of identical or mirror-symmetrical
telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point
accurately in the same direction, allowing the viewer to
use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant
objects. Most are sized to be held using both hands,
although sizes vary widely from opera glasses to large

pedestal mounted military models. Many different

abbreviations are used for binoculars, including glasses,
nocs, binocs, noculars, binos and bins.
Unlike a (monocular) telescope, binoculars give users a
three-dimensional image: for nearer objects the two
views, presented to each of the viewer's eyes from
slightly different viewpoints, produce a merged view
with an impression of depth.

Ultrasound scanning
device
Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic
devices are used to detect objects and measure
distances. Ultrasonic imaging is used in both veterinary
medicine and human medicine. In the nondestructive
testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to

detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for

cleaning and for mixing, and to accelerate chemical
processes. Organisms such as bats and porpoises use
ultrasound for locating prey and obstacles.[1]

Ultrasound image of a fetus in the

womb, viewed at 12 weeks of pregnancy
(dimensional-scan)

An ultrasonic examination in East

Germany, 1990
Ultrasonic is the application of
ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for
medical imaging, detection.

X-ray Machine
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most
X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers,
corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 megahertz to 30 megahertz
(31016 Hz to 31019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 Kev.
However, much higher-energy X-rays can be generated for medical and
industrial uses, for example radiotherapy, which utilizes linear accelerators to
generate X-rays in the ranges of 620 MeV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than
those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many
languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Rontgen radiation,
after Wilhelm Rontgen, [1] who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who
had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. [2] Spelling of
X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), x-ray(s) and X
ray(s).[3] X-rays with photon energies above 510 Kev (below 0.20.1 nm
wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy are called
soft X-rays.[4] Due to their penetrating ability hard X-rays are widely used to

image the inside of objects, e.g. in medical radiography and airport security.
As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic
image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the
wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms they are also useful
for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft Xrays are easily absorbed in air and the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) Xrays in water is less than 1 micrometer.[5] There is no universal consensus for a
definition distinguishing between X-rays and gamma rays. One common
practice is to distinguish between the two types of radiation based on their
source: X-rays are emitted by electrons, while gamma rays are emitted by the
atomic nucleus.[6] [7] [8] [9] this definition has several problems; other processes
also can generate these high energy photons, or sometimes the method of
generation is not known. One common alternative is to distinguish X- and
gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength (or equivalently, frequency or
photon energy), with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such
as 1011 m (0.1 ), defined as gamma radiation.[10] This criterion assigns a
photon to an unambiguous category, but is only possible if wavelength is
known. (Some measurement techniques do not distinguish between detected
wavelengths.) However, these two definitions often coincide since the
electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes generally has a longer
wavelength and lower photon energy than the radiation emitted by radioactive
nuclei.[6] Occasionally, one term or the other is used in specific contexts due to
historical precedent, based on measurement (detection) technique, or based
on their intended use rather than their wavelength or source.

Con

clusi
on

Sight is very important for human

being and animal to ensure their
survival. With sight, human being
and animals can differentiate

danger from other animals and

enemies from the face reaction or
action.

The
end