MUFY Style Manual

MUFY Style Manual
MUFY Style manual
AE
Contents
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6
Writing .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Structure ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Grammar ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
Spelling .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Plurals........................................................................................................................................................ 7
British and American spelling ................................................................................................................... 7
Contractions .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Punctuation ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Apostrophes .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Hyphenated words.................................................................................................................................... 8
Punctuation at the end of a sentence: Full stops, question marks and explanation marks ..................... 9
Punctuation in the middle of a sentence: Colons, semi-colons and commas .......................................... 9
Quotation marks ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Capital letters .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Abbreviations and shortened forms of words ............................................................................................ 11
Numbers and measurement ....................................................................................................................... 13
Dates ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Money ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Bridging words and phrases ........................................................................................................................ 14
Assignment Presentation guidelines........................................................................................................... 15
Headings.................................................................................................................................................. 15
Lists ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Illustrations ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Plagiarism .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Consequences of plagiarism ................................................................................................................... 17
Referencing ................................................................................................................................................. 18
Why do you use references and citations? ............................................................................................. 18
Useful Abbreviations for Referencing ..................................................................................................... 18
Citing of references in the text ............................................................................................................... 19
MUFY Style manual
AE
Words and phrases to use for author prominent quotes ................................................................... 20

Using and referencing quotes in text .................................................................................................. 21
Referencing tables, charts, diagrams, pictures, maps, graphs etc. ........................................................ 22
Visual references................................................................................................................................. 22
Table References ................................................................................................................................. 23
Reference list / Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 24
Where to find the information you need for your reference ................................................................. 24
Books ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Websites.............................................................................................................................................. 26
Using abbreviations in references and citations..................................................................................... 27
Example of references with an abbreviation ...................................................................................... 27
Examples of citations with an abbreviation ........................................................................................ 27
Books ....................................................................................................................................................... 28
Books with one author ........................................................................................................................ 28
E Books with one author .................................................................................................................. 28
Books with no author .......................................................................................................................... 28
Books with two or three authors ........................................................................................................ 28
Books with four or more authors........................................................................................................ 28
Book with an organisation as the author ............................................................................................ 28
Book with a second or later edition .................................................................................................... 29
E - Books with a second or later edition .......................................................................................... 29
Books with an editor ........................................................................................................................... 29
E - Books with an editor ...................................................................................................................... 29
Article in an edited book ..................................................................................................................... 29
Encyclopedia print............................................................................................................................ 30
Encyclopedia online - specific entry .................................................................................................. 30
Dictionary print (with author) .......................................................................................................... 30
Dictionary online (no author) specific entry ................................................................................. 30
Periodicals and serials (Magazines and newspapers) ............................................................................. 30
Magazine and journal articles one author - print ............................................................................ 30
Magazine and journal articles one author - online .......................................................................... 30
Magazine and journal articles one author with DOI ..................................................................... 31
MUFY Style manual
AE
Magazine and journal three authors - print........................................................................................ 31

Magazine and journal three authors - online ..................................................................................... 31
Magazine and journal three authors with DOI ................................................................................. 31
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors - print ........................................................... 31
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors - online ......................................................... 31
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors with DOI ..................................................... 31
Magazine and journal articles no author - print .............................................................................. 31
Magazine and journal articles no author - online ............................................................................ 32
Newspaper articles print .................................................................................................................. 32
Newspaper articles online................................................................................................................ 32
Newspaper articles no author.......................................................................................................... 32
Newspaper articles from a news service ......................................................................................... 32
Websites ................................................................................................................................................. 33
Web site- individual as author ............................................................................................................ 33
Web site Organization as author ..................................................................................................... 33
Web site Web site sponsor as author .............................................................................................. 33
Social media ............................................................................................................................................ 33
Blog ..................................................................................................................................................... 33
Blog post ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Update on social media e.g. Facebook, Twitter etc. ........................................................................... 34
Bulletin boards, discussion forums, Usenet groups, email list servers .............................................. 34
Wikis .................................................................................................................................................... 35
YouTube Video (or similar) ................................................................................................................. 35
Google Maps ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Government publications ....................................................................................................................... 35
Hansard ............................................................................................................................................... 35
Publications produced by government agencies ................................................................................ 36
Publications produced by an individual for a government agency .................................................... 36
Australian Bureau of Statistics online .................................................................................................. 36
Standards online .................................................................................................................................. 37
Legal sources ........................................................................................................................................... 37
Bill........................................................................................................................................................ 37
MUFY Style manual
AE
Act of Parliament ................................................................................................................................ 37

Case ..................................................................................................................................................... 37
Conferences ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Conference paper - online .................................................................................................................. 38
Conference paper unpublished........................................................................................................ 38
Conference proceedings - online ........................................................................................................ 38
Theses and dissertations......................................................................................................................... 38
Thesis - online ..................................................................................................................................... 38
Thesis unpublished........................................................................................................................... 39
Course materials ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Course materials produced by lecturers/teachers, print.................................................................... 39
Course materials produced by lecturers/teachers, online ................................................................. 39
Data, images and figures......................................................................................................................... 39
Audio and video resources ..................................................................................................................... 39
CD ROMs ............................................................................................................................................. 39
Television or Radio program on-air.................................................................................................. 39
Television or Radio program - online .................................................................................................. 40
Films .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Videos and DVDs/Blu-ray disks ........................................................................................................... 41
Sound recordings ................................................................................................................................ 41
Sound recordings Specific song........................................................................................................ 41
Personal communications / Interviews .................................................................................................. 41
E-Mail ...................................................................................................................................................... 42
Sample bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 43
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 44
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET...................................................................................................... 45
MUFY Style manual
AE
Introduction
This document is based on the Snooks & Co 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th
edn, rev., John Wiley & Sons, Canberra.
Writing
Academic writing style is formal. This means that you rarely use first person pronouns, such as I and
we.
I think that
would be written as
It seems that
The evidence suggests that
Structure
Place important information at the beginning and the end of a paragraph. The main idea of the
paragraph goes first, followed by supporting information. The final sentence should be either a
concluding statement or a sentence outlining an idea that links to the next paragraph.
A paragraph should be three to five sentences in length. Sentence length is important. A paragraph
consisting of short sentences can be annoying for the reader and does not allow for the full
development of ideas. However, if sentences are too long, the reader will lose track of the ideas being
presented.
Grammar
Ensure that your verb tenses are the same throughout your writing. Normally you will use the present
simple tense e.g.
Pung (2006) states that
The results indicate that
The evidence suggests that
The price increase is evidence of.
If something happened in the past, use past simple tense e.g.
Previously, results showed that
In 2003, research provided evidence of
The earlier evidence suggested that
The price increase was evidence of.
Make sure that the verb in your sentences matches the noun in terms of singular and plural.
e.g. The child is running. The children are running.
Pronouns should agree with the relevant noun in terms of singular and plural.
e.g. A train must follow its timetable. Trains must follow their timetables.
The pronoun may also connect with the previous sentence.
e.g. The train is on time. It is following its timetable.
MUFY Style manual
AE
Spelling
Plurals
The plural of most English nouns is formed by adding s or es :
e.g. schools, tomatoes, potatoes
If a word ends with y, you drop the y and add ies
e.g. baby - babies, lady - ladies
There is a small group of nouns that are different :
e.g. child - children, goose geese, man men, sheep sheep.
British and American spelling

There are a number of words that are spelt differently depending upon where they are used. Some
examples are listed:
British
American
Australian
liveable
livable
Either spelling can be used but the spelling that drops the e is
preferred - livable
useable
usable
Either spelling can be used but the spelling that drops the e is
preferred - usable
encyclopaedia encyclopedia
encyclopedia
paediatrician
pediatrician
pediatrician
ageing / aging aging
ageing
civilise /
civilize
Either spelling can be used but civilise is preferred
civilize
dramatise /
dramatize
Either spelling can be used but dramatise is preferred
dramatize
globalisation / globalization
Either spelling can be used but globalisation is preferred
globalization
analyse
analyze
analyse
distil
distill
Either spelling can be used but distil is preferred
enrol
enroll
Either spelling can be used but enrol is preferred
instal
install
Either spelling can be used but install is preferred
travelled
traveled
travelled
modelling
modeling
modelling
cancelled
canceled
cancelled
judgement
judgment
Either spelling can be used
foetus
fetus
Either spelling can be used
dialogue /
dialogue / dialog
dialogue / dialog
dialog
prologue /
prologue / prolog prologue / prolog
prolog
colour
color
colour
labour
labor
labour
Note: The Australian Labor Party is an official spelling
MUFY Style manual
AE
Contractions
Avoid using contractions. e.g.
cant should be written as
dont
wont
havent
didnt
cannot
do not
will not
have not
did not
Punctuation
Apostrophes
In English, the apostrophe was originally used to show that a letter or letters was omitted e.g. doesnt
(does not), its (it is). More recently, it is used when a noun is possessive or owning something e.g. the
babys bottle.
If the noun is singular, the apostrophe is placed before the s
houses front door, todays timetable
Nouns which are singular and end in s are treated the same way.
the atlass size, the hippopotamuss baby
Plural nouns that end in s have s
the cars wheels, the students tests
Plural nouns that do not end in s have s
the childrens toys, the mens clothing
Possessive pronouns do not use s at all.
my
your his
her
its
mine yours his
hers
its
our
ours
their
their
Personal names ending in any letter other than s have s added.

Toms work, Jillians homework
The rules have varied in past years for personal names ending in s however it is now standard to add s.
the Joness house, Dickenss novels
Hyphenated words
Hyphens are useful in words formed with prefixes as they help the reader.
Common prefixes include:
antidisintraautoexmisbiextraneocohypernoncounterhypopostdeinterpro-
MUFY Style manual
resemisubsupersupraun-
AE
Punctuation at the end of a sentence: Full stops, question marks and

explanation marks
The full stop is usually used to mark the end of a sentence. It should be followed by one space and the
first word of the next sentence should start with a capital letter.
Do not use a full stop in headings or lists.
Questions are always followed by a question mark:
Did you do your homework?
Thats your homework?
The exclamation mark is used at the end of a sentence instead of a full-stop to provide emphasis. Using
an exclamation mark is like shouting or raising your voice. Dont use it too frequently as the reader will
find it annoying.
Help!
Remember, dont be late for class!
Punctuation in the middle of a sentence: Colons, semi-colons and commas

A colon is used to introduce a word or phrase that explains or contrasts what was before it.
We were worried: the DJ had not arrived and the party was about to start.
There was only one word for it: stupid.
There were only seven chairs: not enough for the whole class.
A colon is used if there is a list of items.
The shopping list was quite long: rice, noodles, meat, milk, cheese, carrots, apples, bananas, tea,
coffee.
A semicolon is used to link closely related ideas that could be stated in two separate sentences.
Some people prefer to drink coffee; others prefer to drink tea.
I like ice-cream; vanilla is my favourite.
Commas are used to avoid confusion and make your writing easier for the reader to understand.
After what seemed like forever, the cyclone moved away.
Commas are used to separate items in a list.
Students need to bring their textbook, calculator, pen and paper.
MUFY Style manual
AE
Quotation marks
Direct speech (when someone is speaking) is enclosed in single quotation marks.
I always come to class on time, he stated.
The teacher replied, Yesterday you were late.
Quotations that are more than about thirty words long are usually indented from the text margin and
set in smaller type. They are called block quotations and, because they are obviously separated from
the rest of the text, they do not need quotation marks.
If there is punctuation that is part of the quotation, place it inside the quotation marks.
If there is punctuation that is not part of the quotation, place it outside the quotation marks.
If there is a quotation within a quotation, use double quotation marks inside the single quotation marks.
He said John said he would be late and not to wait.
Capital letters
Sentences should always start with a capital letter.
The first letter should be a capital letter for names of specific people, places and organisations,
nationalities, religions.
Tracy Nguyen Melbourne
Monash College
Australian
Islam
The first word of a quotation should begin with a capital letter
The teacher said, Hand in your homework.
Sometimes there may be a capital letter in the middle of a name.
McDonalds
HarperCollins PowerPoint
Points of the compass are always capitalised when abbreviated. They do not have capital letters if
written out fully.
N
SE
ESE
north
south-east
east-south-east
Days of the week and months are always capitalised.
Monday
Tuesday
March
April
Holidays, religious days and public events are always capitalised.

Australia Day Ramadan
the AFL Grand Final
The scientific names of animals and plants are capitalised. The genus and species names are always in
italics.
Crocodilia
Mammalia
Hippopotamus amphibius
Eucalyptus robusta
Titles of books, periodicals, chapters, articles and other documents begin with a capital letter. Only the
first word and any proper names in the title have a capital letter.
Unpolished gem
Not without my mother
A man named Dave
MUFY Style manual
10
AE
Abbreviations and shortened forms of words

Abbreviations consist of the first letter of a word, usually some other letters, but not the last letter.
There is a full stop after the abbreviation.
abbr.
Ave.
ch.
Co.
cont.
Dec.
dir.
abbreviation
Avenue
chapter
Company
continued
December
director
ed.
editor
est.
established
fig.
figure
Mon. Monday
n.d.
no date
n.p.
no page numbers
p. or pp. page or pages
para.
pg.
rev.
tel.
trans.
Vic.
paragraph
page
revised
telephone
translated
Victoria
Contractions consist of the first and last letter of a word and sometimes other letters in between. There
is no full stop at the end.
Bros
Cwlth
dept
edn
Brothers
Commonwealth
department
edition
Jr
Junior
Mr
Mister
Pty Ltd Propriety Limited
Qld
Queensland
Rd
Sr
Road
Senior
Acronyms are strings of initial letter (and sometimes other letters) pronounced as a word. There is no
full stop at the end.
MUFY
Anzac
ASEAN
Interpol
Qantas
scuba
sonar
TAFE
UNICEF
WHO
Monash University Foundation Year

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
International Criminal Police Organization
Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services
Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
SOund Navigation And Ranging
Technical and Further Education
United Nations Children's Fund
World Health Organization
MUFY Style manual
11
AE
Initialisms are strings of initial letter (and sometimes other letters) not pronounced as a word. There is
no full stop at the end.
CPI
DVD
FAQ
FBI
IQ
MP
NSW
PC
SBS
TV
consumer price index

digital video disc
frequently asked question
Federal Bureau of Investigation
intelligence quotient
Member of Parliament
New South Wales
personal computer
Special Broadcasting Service
television
If you use an acronym or Initialisms that your reader might not know the meaning of or which may have
several meanings, you should spell it out in full the first time you use it.
Australian Medical Association (AMA)
American Medical Association (AMA)
After the first mention in full, you can then just use the shortened form
The AMA recommends that people give up smoking.
Most shortened forms of words and phrases are made plural simply by adding s. Do not add an
apostrophe.
DVDs
FAQs
TAFEs
paras
figs
For acronyms and initialisms, the possessive form is shown by adding s.
MUFYs students
UNICEFs policies
Common Latin abbreviations and their meanings
c.
circa
about, approximately
cf.
confer
compare
e.g.
exempli gratia for example
et al. et alii
and others
etc.
et cetera
and so forth, and so on
i.e.
id est
that is
MS
manuscriptum manuscript
NB
nota bene
take careful note
PS
postscriptum postscript
PPS
post postscriptum
second postscript
v.
versus
against
vs
versus
against
viz.
videlicet
namely
MUFY Style manual
12
AE
Numbers and measurement

In text which is mainly descriptive or narrative, use words for numbers up to one hundred.
The seventy-six students went on an excursion.
If the text has a scientific or mathematical focus, or numbers occur frequently, use numerals for
numbers over nine.
There were 76 guests in the restaurant; 19 ordered fish, 23 ordered steak, 31 ordered chicken
and 3 ordered the vegetarian option.
If a number is starting a sentence, reword the sentence so the number no longer starts it. For example:
$10 was the cost of the book.
could be rewritten as
The book cost $10.
Hyphens are used to connect numbers up to ninety-nine that are two words.
twenty-two
sixty-seven
fifty-one
Large numbers expressed as numerals have a space between each group of three numbers. If the
number is only four digits long, a space is not needed.
2 630 968
2345
Commas are used in large numbers that are shown as words in the same location as spaces would be if
they were written as numerals.
Two million, six hundred and thirty thousand, nine hundred and sixty-eight
Always use numerals for numbers that are accompanied with a symbol.
28 C
5 km
23.2 s
The shortened form for units of measurement never has a plural s.
6 kg not 6 kgs
Dates
Dates are best expressed using numerals for the day and year, with the month presented alphabetically.
30 March 2013
Dates expressed entirely in numerals can cause confusion because different countries express dates
differently.
30 March 2013
30/03/2013
Australia, United Kingdom
03/30/2013
United States, Canada and many international web sites
2013/03/13
Sweden, Germany
Money
Amounts of money are normally expressed as numerals.
$10
130
5c
$0.25
MUFY Style manual
13
AE
Bridging words and phrases

It is important to link information; between sentences and between paragraphs. There are a variety of
words and phrases that can be used to assist.
To indicate supporting detail:
again
as well as
in particular
also
for instance
not only but also
another
in addition
To indicate cause and effect or sequence:

as a result of
for this reason
because
given that
consequently
in order to
first(ly) . second(ly)
next
To indicate comparison or contrast
alternatively
although
by contrast
despite
MUFY Style manual
however
in comparison with
instead
likewise
14
since
subsequently
therefore
this means that
nevertheless
on one hand . on the other
similarly
while
AE
Assignment Presentation guidelines

All assignments should include a title. If they are longer than a few pages, include a title page which has
the title and your name. If necessary, include a table of contents on the next page.
Always include the following information in either the header or footer of your documents:
Your full name and the page numbers.
For major reports or assignments, the document should be in the following order:
Assignment Cover Sheet (sample at the end of this document)
Title page
Table of contents
Text
Reference list / Bibliography
Appendixes
The font used in Word documents should be either: Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
The font size should be 12 pt.
The line spacing should be 1.5 with a double space between paragraphs.
The text is normally in black font, though colour may be used for headings.
Always use one space after a colon or semicolon, and after a full stop or other sentence-ending mark.
Punctuation should be in the same font as the word or phrase preceding it if the punctuation belongs to
the word or phrase. If it relates to the complete sentence then it is in the same font as the main text.
The student was reading Does my head look big in this?
What is the meaning of tabloid?
Headings
Headings are important. They:
provide a structure for the document
show the reader where to locate information
group the information into accessible chunks
indicate what is to follow from where the reader is currently.
Headings should be informative and have a logical hierarchy or order.
Bold your headings so they are clearly identifiable.
Lists
Lists using bullets are an effective way to display different points in a discussion. Always have a lead
sentence before the bulleted list. Avoid overusing bulleted lists as it can affect the flow of the document
for the reader.
MUFY Style manual
15
AE
Tables
When information is being presented in tables for comparison, the same layout should be used. Each
table should be explained with a caption or in the text. If the explanation is in the text, the table should
be as close as possible to the text. Each table should be clearly labelled with a table title and column
headings.
If your table has text, it should be left aligned. If there are numbers, they should be right-aligned or
aligned on the decimal point.
Fruit and Vegetables
Item
Price (per kilo)
Amount
Total cost
purchased
Apples
$2.90
$5.80
Bananas
$3.99
$15.96
Carrots
$1.79
$8.95
Illustrations
Illustrations should complement, not repeat, information in the text. Each illustration should be
explained with a caption or in the text. If the explanation is in the text, the illustration should be as
close as possible to the text.
MUFY Style manual
16
AE
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is when you pass someone elses ideas off as your own. Plagiarism is a form of cheating.
The Oxford Dictionaries Online (2011) defines Plagiarism as the practice of taking someone elses work
or ideas and passing them off as ones own.
Monash University (2006) definition
Plagiarism is: using an author's work which is paraphrased or presented without a reference
Copying other students' work; including items of assessment which are written in conjunction
with other students (without prior permission of your tutor / lecturer)
Submitting work which has already been submitted for assessment previously in another course.
Examples of plagiarism
Handing in someone else's work as your own.
Copying someone elses words or ideas without acknowledging their work.
Not putting a quotation in quotation marks.
Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation.
Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit.
Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work,
whether you credit the original author or not.
How to avoid plagiarism
In most cases, plagiarism can be avoided by acknowledging where you got the information or
idea from.
Use paraphrasing
Cite correctly within a piece of work
Include a Bibliography
Enough information needs to be given so that someone else can locate the source of the information.
Consequences of plagiarism
The consequences will depend upon whether the plagiarism was intentional or not.
Consequences may include:
Loss of marks for the assessment item

Failure result for the assessment item
Failure of the unit
Suspension
Exclusion (expulsion)
In the business and scientific world, plagiarism may result in lawsuits.

Further information
http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/plagiarism.html
MUFY Style manual
17
AE
Referencing
Why do you use references and citations?
To avoid plagiarism (taking other peoples ideas as your own)

To validate your writing (shows that your work is based on others who are experts in the field;
shows your ideas and conclusions are valid)
Helps readers to locate the references you used if they want to know more
Shows where your work fits in to other work in the field
Useful Abbreviations for Referencing

c.
ed. or eds.
edn
et al.
...
Circa (about, approximately

Editor or Editors
Edition
Used for in-text citations when there are four or more authors e.g. Smith et al. (2012)
Three dots are called an ellipse; they are used to show that one or more words have
been omitted.
n.d.
No date
n.p.
No place
p. or pp.
Single page (p.) or multiple pages (pp.)
para. or paras paragraph(s)
rev.
Revised e.g. Rev. Ed. (Revised Edition)
(sic)
Use (sic) immediately after an error in what you are quoting e.g. spelling or grammar
error.
[Square brackets]
Indicates a change or addition made for clarity. For example, if you were citing
something that you saw on the TV news there would not be a title of the news report so
you would need to make up a title that described the report e.g. [Bushfires in the
Dandenongs] for a news report about bushfires in the Dandenongs.
vol. or vols
volume(s)
MUFY Style manual
18
AE
Citing of references in the text

The purpose of citations is to acknowledge others ideas or words. If you do not acknowledge the work
of others you may be guilty of plagiarism. Plagiarism is when you take someones ideas or work and
present it as your own.
A specific item can be cited in the text of your work in two ways. You can directly quote from a resource
or you can use your own words ideas or concepts (paraphrasing) from a resource.
Quotes should be less than 10% of what you have written e.g. if your word count is 1000 words, the
total word count for your quotes should be less than 100 words.
If you have short quote you can incorporate it into your text.
A notable difference experienced by the Pung family when they came to Australia was the freedom they experienced
as it is a country were no-one walks as if they have to hide (Pung 2006, p. 9).
If you have a longer quote (more than 30 words) you need to separate it from your own writing. Indent
the text, use a smaller font size, use single line spacing, the citation information is in brackets after the
full stop. The page number must be included. You do not need to include quotation marks.
It is a country were no-one walks as if they have to hide. From the top floor of the Rialto building my parents see that
the people below amble in a different manner, and not just because of the heat. No bomb is every going to fall on top
of them. (Pung 2006, p. 9)
If you want to leave out a section in a longer quote you can use three full stops e.g. ( an ellipse). They
are used to show that one or more words have been omitted. Make sure that the original meaning is
retained.
It is a country were no-one walks as if they have to hide. the people below amble in a different manner No bomb
is every going to fall on top of them. (Pung 2006, p. 9)
There are two types of intext citations:

Author prominent intext citations the author is mentioned before the information.
Pung (2006, p. 9) contends Australia is a country were no-one walks as if they have to
hide .
Information prominent intext citations - the information is mentioned before the author
A notable difference experienced by the Pung family when they came to Australia was
the freedom they experienced as it is a country were no-one walks as if they have to
hide (Pung 2006, p. 9).
MUFY Style manual
19
AE
Words and phrases to use for author prominent quotes

Direct quotes need single inverted commas around them. Indirect quotes are not using the authors
own word; just their ideas. Indirect quotations are often introduce with the word that.
Direct quotes
Pung (2006) states .
adds
argues
asserts
believes
claims
comments
concludes
contends
disputes
implies
indicates
maintains
noted
outlines
points out
presents evidence which show
questions
reasons
reports
says
shows
suggests
According to McLean (2013)
As reported by McLean (2013)..
As stated by McLean (2013)..
McLean (2013) argues
McLeans research (2013) found ..
MUFY Style manual
Indirect quotes
Pung (2006) states that .
adds that
argues that
asserts that
believes that
claims that
comments that
concludes that
contends that
disputes that
implies that
indicates that
maintains that
noted that
outlines that
points out that
presents evidence which show that
questions that
reasons that
reports that
says that
shows that
suggests that
According to McLean (2013)
As reported by McLean (2013)..
As stated by McLean (2013)..
McLean (2013) argues that
McLeans research (2013) found that ..
20
AE
Using and referencing quotes in text

At each point in your work that you refer to a particular resource, insert the author's surname and
publication year. You do not have to include their initials unless two authors have the same surname.
You do not need to include page numbers or paragraph numbers etc. if you are referring to the source
as a whole.
(Pung 2006)
If the work does not have an author, you use the title and the date.
(Global warming 2012)
If you are referencing more than one resource for a specific idea list all the references separated by a
semi colon.
(Pung 2006; Mazari & Hillman 2011)
Use single quotation marks for quotes. Use double quotation marks for a quote within a quote. After
you quote or paraphrase a work, include the author's surname, publication year and page number or
paragraph number of the quote.
It is a country were no-one walks as if they have to hide (Pung 2006, p. 9)
If the work does not have an author, you use the title and the date
Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 C (1.4 F) (Global warming
2012, para. 1)
If the quote is from one page (p), more than one page (pp). If there are no page numbers (e.g. web site)
give approximate (p. 3 of 8) OR paragraph for short sources (para. 2) OR relevant heading OR (n.p. )
which means no page number. Only use n.p. for unpaginated print sources. Unpaginated means that
the item has no page numbers. If it is an electronic source you need to provide an approximate page
number.
Print source examples
one page
(p. 15)
consecutive pages
(pp. 15-21)
non-consecutive pages (p. 15, p. 21)
no pagination
n.p.
Electronic source examples
one page
(p. 15)
consecutive pages
(pp. 15-21)
non-consecutive pages (p. 15, p. 21)
If it is an unpaginated electronic source
approximate page number
(p. 15 of 22) or (pp. 15-21 of 22) or (pp. 15, 21 of 22)
paragraph number of a short item
(para. 3)
use the relevant heading or subheading from the item
For audiovisual sources state how far into the item the quotation is located.
(Gillard 2012, min. 24.40)
MUFY Style manual
21
AE
Referencing tables, charts, diagrams, pictures, maps, graphs etc.

As well as acknowledging an authors written words you also need to reference any other material you
have used. This includes:
visual references (graphs, charts, diagrams, photos, artwork, pictures, maps)
table references (any type of information presented in table format)
Visual references
All visual references should be labelled as Figure 1; Figure 2 etc.
Place the figure caption below the figure and reference the item fully in your Reference list. You just
need to reference the general source that the figure came from. All figures included in your paper must
be referred to in the main body of your text. Captions should include a statement of what the figure is
showing and an explanation of any symbols or acronyms being used. A good figure and its caption
should be self-explanatory. If you change the visual reference at all you need to include adapted from
before the citation.
e.g.
Melbourne Annual Temperatures & Rainfall
Figure 1 Melbournes annual rainfall and temperature showing mean daily minimum and
maximum temperature, mean monthly rainfall and highest/lowest recorded daily
minimum and maximum temperatures (Ninemsm 2013, Figure 1. )
Reference in Reference list
Ninemsm 2013 Melbourne Annual Temperatures & Rainfall, viewed 4 November 2013,
http://weather.ninemsn.com.au/images/climate/wz_clim_annual_site_86071.png
MUFY Style manual
22
AE
Table References
All table references should be labelled as Table 1; Table 2 etc.
Place the table caption above the table and reference the item fully in your Reference list. You just need
to reference the general source that the table came from. All tables included in your paper must be
referred to in the main body of your text. Captions should include a statement of what the table is
showing and an explanation of any symbols or acronyms being used. A good table and its caption
should be self-explanatory. If you change the table at all you need to include adapted from before the
citation.
Table 1: Australian population March 2013 showing population increase over previous 12 months
(Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013 Table 1)
AUSTRALIAN POPULATION - MARCH KEY FIGURES
Population at end Mar qtr
Change over previous year Change over previous year
2013
PRELIMINARY DATA
'000
'000
%
New South Wales
7 381.1
92.8
1.3
Victoria
5 713.0
101.9
1.8
Queensland
4 638.1
92.3
2.0
South Australia
1 667.5
14.9
0.9
Western Australia
2 497.5
82.6
3.4
Tasmania
512.9
0.6
0.1
Northern Territory
237.8
4.1
1.8
Australian Capital Territory
381.7
8.1
2.2
Australia(a)
23 032.7
397.4
1.8
(a) Includes Other Territories comprising Jervis Bay Territory, Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
Reference in Reference list

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013, 3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Mar,
November 2013,http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0
MUFY Style manual
23
viewed 4
AE
Reference list / Bibliography

Your reference list or bibliography must be in alphabetical order. Make sure that the intext citations
and the reference match. The font used should be the same as the rest of your document.
There is a sample bibliography at the end of this section.
If an individual reference has a number of authors list them how they appear in the reference. They are
not put into alphabetical order.
Simmons, A & Hardy, R 2008, Cambridge VCE accounting, Cambridge University Press, Port
Melbourne, Vic.
Where to find the information you need for your reference

Books
The information for books will normally be on the title page or the verso (back of the title page).
Sometimes the information may be located inside at the very back of the book. You always get the
information from the title page and verso rather than the cover of the book because sometime the
information on the front cover is different to that on the title page and verso.
Sample Title page
Title
Sub-title
Authors
Success at MUFY
How to ensure you get the results you
need
Janene Chase & Charles Taylor

Family name
MUFY Style manual
24
AE
Sample Verso page (reverse side of the title page)
You need to include the date

of publication. This is NOT
the printing date as a book
may be printed many times
but the ideas in them date
from the date of publication.
Success at MUFY: How to ensure you get the results you need
2nd edition, 4th printing
This edition published in 2012
Printing date 2013
Authors
Janene Chase & Charles Taylor
Cover designer
Naomi Hobbs, Hobbs Design
If there is no date of
publication you can use the
copyright date.
Copyright statement.
In Australia there are laws
protecting authors. It is
illegal to copy more than
10% or one chapter of a
book (whichever is larger).
If there are several cities

listed as the location of the
publisher; you only need to
include the first one. If the
place of publication is not a
capital city you will need to
provide information as to
which state, county or
province it is in.
MUFY Style manual
ISBN: 978-0-1234-1111-0
Copyright
Text copyright 2012 by MUFY College Press
Illustrations, layout and design 2013 by MUFY College Press
Under Australias Copyright Act 1968 (the Act), except for any fair
dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or
review, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means
without prior written permission from MUFY College Press. All
inquiries should be directed in the first instance to the publisher at
the address below.
Disclaimer
All reasonable efforts have been made to ensure the quality and
accuracy of this publication. MUFY College Press assumes no
responsibility for any errors or omissions and no warranties are
made with regard to this publication. Neither MUFY College Press
nor any authorised distributors shall be held responsible for any
direct, incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use
of this publication.
Published by:
MUFY College Press, Level 3, 222 Bourke St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Tel: 8616 9700
MUFY College Press, Huide Building, Haoxian Road #102, Yuexiu district,
Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China
MUFY College Press, Graha Mandiri. 2nd Floor, Jl. Imam Bonjol No. 61,
Menteng, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia 10310
MUFY College Press, Sunway College (KL), No. 20, Jalan PJS 11/5,
Bandar Sunway,46150 Petaling Jaya,Selangor, Malaysia
MUFY College Press, ANC Education Centre Limited, 308-310, R.A. De Mel
Mawatha, Colpetty, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
25
AE
Websites
Sample website
URL link
Author
Title
For this
example the
publisher is the
same as the
author so it is
not necessary
to include that
information
again.
Websites often
have a copyright date
rather than a
publication
date
MUFY Style manual
26
AE
Using abbreviations in references and citations

Abbreviations must be written out in full in your reference list. You cannot assume that the reader
knows what the abbreviation means. Abbreviations can mean different things, e.g. AMA has a number
of meanings:
American Medical Association
American Music Awards
Australian Medical Association
African Muslim Agency
Armenian Medical Association
Autoridad Metropolitana de Autobuses
Argentine Medical Association
AMA Group Limited
Americana Music Association
ask me anything
Australian Music Association
against medical advice
Example of references with an abbreviation
If you have only one intext citation to a source such as ABS, you must use the full author name (no
initials or abbreviations) in the reference
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010, 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 200910: Feature article 1:
Overseas student enrolments with higher education providers, viewed 10 October 2013,
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/1301.0Chapter12082009%E2%80%9310
If you have more than one intext citation to a source such as ABS in your work, include the abbreviation
in round brackets in the reference following the full name.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2010, 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 200910: Feature article
1: Overseas student enrolments with higher education providers, viewed 10 October 2013,
Examples of citations with an abbreviation
initials or abbreviations).
Citation : (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010)
in square brackets inside the round brackets with the first citation.
Citation : (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] 2010)
The second and subsequent citations can just include the abbreviation
Citation : (ABS 2010)
MUFY Style manual
27
AE
Books
Books with one author
Include the following information in this order. Underline the title if hand written OR italics if typed
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of book, Edition if not 1st edition, Publisher, Place of
publication.
Pung, A 2006, Unpolished gem, Black Inc, Melbourne.
Citation : (Pung 2006)
E Books with one author
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of book, Edition if not 1st edition, ebook, Publisher,
Place of publication, viewed date, URL.
Dyer, G 2010, Climate wars, e-book, Scribe Publications, Carlton North, viewed 8 October 2013,
http://reader.eblib.com.au.ezproxy.slv.vic.gov.au/(S(gmcptfpuqxluo1vszqrxfay3))/Reader.aspx?
p=618799&o=242&u=9egeM8CBlRylssWWiqX5YQ%3d%3d&t=1381184386&h=E4E81C00565A9
216818AE0F739F36AF7D09E54E3&s=10304829&ut=795&pg=1&r=img&c=-1&pat=n
Citation : (Dyer 2006)
Books with no author
Some books will not have an author.
Title of book, Year of publication, Publisher, Place of publication
Dinosaurs 1992, Octopus, London.
Citation : (Dinosaurs 1992)
Books with two or three authors
Retain the authors in the order given in the source.
Simmons, A & Hardy, R 2008, Cambridge VCE accounting, Cambridge University Press, Port
Melbourne, Vic.
Citation : (Simmons & Hardy 2008)
Books with four or more authors
Retain the authors in the order given in the source.
Lofts, G, Pentland, P, Phillips, R, Bass, G, Nardelli, D, Robertson, P, Tacon, J & Pearce, J 2009,
Jacaranda Physics 1 : VCE Physics Units 1 and 2, 3rd edn, Jacaranda, Milton, Qld.
Citation : (Lofts et al. 2009)
Book with an organisation as the author
Collectif Argos 2010, Climate refugees, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Citation : (Collectif Argos 2010)
MUFY Style manual
28
AE
Book with a second or later edition

If the book is not a first edition, you need to include information about the edition.
Castles, S & Miller, M 2009, The age of migration : international population movements in the
modern world, 4th edn, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, Hamp.
Citation : (Castles & Miller 2009)
E - Books with a second or later edition
Kimberley, N & Crosling, G 2012 Q manual, 5th edn, e-book, Monash University. Faculty of
Business and Economics, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/qmanual/qmanual-2012.pdf
Citation : (Kimberly & Crosling 2012)
Books with an editor
You would not normally need to reference a whole edited book unless you are specifically referring to
the whole book. If you are referring to a specific article in the book you reference the actual article.
Editor's surname, initials (ed.) Year of publication, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication.
Healey, J (ed.) 2012 International aid, The Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW.
Citation : (Healey 2012)
Pung, A (ed.) 2008 Growing up Asian in Australia, Black Inc, Melbourne.
Citation : (Pung 2012)
Lechner, F & Boll, J (eds.) 2008 The globalization reader, 3rd edn, Blackwell Publishing, Malden,
Mass.
Citation : (Lechner & Boll 2008)
E - Books with an editor
Healey, J (ed.) 2012 International aid, ebook, The Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW, viewed
8/10/2013,
http://mcpl.softlinkhosting.com.au/liberty/opac/search.do?queryTerm=healey%20issues&oper
ator=AND&includeNonPhysicalItems=true&title=Title%20...%20enter%20here&publicationYear=
Year%20From&yearTo=Year%20To&catalogAuthors=Author%20...%20enter%20here&mainSubj
ect=Subject%20...%20enter%20here&publisher=Publisher%20...%20enter%20here&series=Serie
s%20...%20enter%20here&limit=All&branch=All&resourceCollection=All&mode=BASIC&activeM
enuItem=false#
Citation : (Healey 2012)
Article in an edited book
Article's author surname, initials Year of publication, Title of article, in Editor's surname, initials (ed.),
Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication.
Devinney, T 2011 The myth of the ethical consumer, in Healey, J (ed.) Ethical consumerism, The
Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW.
Citation : (Devinney 2011)
Cho, T 2008, Learning English, in Pung, A (ed.), Growing up Asian in Australia, Black Inc,
Melbourne.
Citation : (Cho 2008)
MUFY Style manual
29
AE
Encyclopedia print
The new Encyclopdia Britannica 2002, Macropedia vol. 10, Jackson Livestock, 15th edn,
Encyclopedia Britannica, Chicago.
Citation : (The new Encyclopdia Britannica 2002)
Encyclopedia online - specific entry
Ang Lee 2013, Encyclopdia Britannica Online Academic Edition, viewed 8 October 2013,
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/334517/Ang-Lee
Citation : (Ang Lee 2013)
Dictionary print (with author)
Lawrence, E (ed.) 2008, Hendersons dictionary of biology, 14th ed., Pearson Education, Harlow,
Essex.
Citation : (Lawrence 2008)
Dictionary online (no author) specific entry
Study 2013, Dictionary.com, viewed 8 Oct. 2013,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/study?s=b&path=/
Citation : (Study 2013)
Periodicals and serials (Magazines and newspapers)

Each example has the print version, an online version and a DOI version. DOI (Digital object identifier) is
a unique number assigned to an electronic document. The DOI for a document is permanent whereas a
link to a documents location on a website may change. You do not need to include the link or when you
accessed the article if a DOI is included.
Magazine and journal articles one author - print
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of article, Title of journal, Volume, number,
month/season, Page numbers of article.
Pogue, D 2013, In search of a mind-reading machine, Scientific American, Vol. 309, No. 1, July,
p. 26.
Citation : (Pogue 2013)
Magazine and journal articles one author - online
month/season, Page numbers of article, viewed date, URL.
p. 26, http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.slv.vic.gov.au/ehost/detail?vid=3&sid=9e927914091a-49d9-a3f35a63cc905959%40sessionmgr15&hid=22&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=buh
&AN=88430480
MUFY Style manual
30
AE
Magazine and journal articles one author with DOI

month/season, Page numbers of article, DOI number. You do not need to include the link or when you
accessed the article if a DOI is included.
p. 26, DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0713-34
Magazine and journal three authors - print
Levy, M, Young, O, Zurn, M 1995, The study of international regimes, European Journal of
International Relations, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp.267-331.
Citation : (Levy, Young & Zurn 1995)
Magazine and journal three authors - online
International Relations, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp.267-331, viewed 8 October 2013,
http://ejt.sagepub.com/content/1/3/267.full.pdf+html
Magazine and journal three authors with DOI
International Relations, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp.267-331, doi:10.1177/1354066195001003001
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors - print
Greenwood, B, Bojang, K, Whitty, C & Targett, G 2005, Malaria, The Lancet, Vol. 365, No. 9469,
pp. 1487-1498.
Citation : (Greenwood et. al. 2005)
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors - online
pp. 1487-1498, viewed 8 October 2013,
http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.slv.vic.gov.au/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=85b7dbe49046-4647-9acc-53f3d6a22392%40sessionmgr110&vid=4&hid=121
Magazine and journal articles four or more authors with DOI
pp. 1487-1498, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3
Magazine and journal articles no author - print
Whose body is it anyway? 2013, New Scientist, No. 2929, 10 August, p. 5.
Citation : (Whose body is it anyway? 2013)
MUFY Style manual
31
AE
Magazine and journal articles no author - online

Whose body is it anyway? 2013, New Scientist, No. 2929, 10 August, p. 5, viewed 8 October
2013, http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.slv.vic.gov.au/ehost/detail?sid=85b7dbe4-9046-46479acc53f3d6a22392%40sessionmgr110&vid=13&hid=22&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d
#db=aph&AN=89632625
Citation : (Whose body is it anyway? 2013)
Newspaper articles print
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of article, Title of newspaper, Date of publication,
Page number of article.
Drill, S 2012, Women rejoice over equal pay', Herald Sun, 2 February, pp. 2 - 3.
Citation : (Drill 2012)
Newspaper articles online
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of article, Title of newspaper, Date of publication, ,
viewed day month year, URL.
Drill, S 2012, Women rejoice over equal pay', Herald Sun, 2 February, viewed 14 February 2012,
http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/women-rejoice-over-equal-pay/story-fn7x8me21226260014984.
Citation : (Drill 2012)
Newspaper articles no author
Title of article, Year of publication, Title of newspaper, Date of publication, Page number of article.
Pool drowning alert 2013, The Age, 30 September, p. 10.
Citation : (Pool drowning alert 2013)
Newspaper articles from a news service
Write the Associations name out in full. Do not use abbreviations e.g. AAP is written as Australian
Associated Press.
Associations name Year of publication, Title of article, Title of newspaper, Date of publication, Page
number of article.
Australian Associated Press 2012, Petrol on the rise, Herald Sun, 21 February, p. 17.
Citation : (Australian Associated Press 2012)
MUFY Style manual
32
AE
Websites
If it is not apparent as to who is responsible for the website have a look at the Home page.
If necessary for clarification, include a publisher and place of publication e.g. Health Department which
Health Department include place; every country in the world will have a Health Department.
Write the organisations name in full even if it is commonly referred to by its initials
Web site- individual as author
Include the following information in this order.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of web site, Publisher or sponsor of the site, viewed
day month year, URL.
King, M 1963 I have a dream... , National Archives, Washington, D.C., viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf.
Citation : (King 1963)
Web site Organization as author
Note: Do not need to state publisher as it is the same as the author.
Greenpeace Australia Pacific 2012, The history of Greenpeace, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/en/about/history/
Citation : (Greenpeace Australia Pacific 2012)
Central Intelligence Agency 2013, The World Factbook: Australia, viewed 20 May 2013,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
Citation : (Central Intelligence Agency 2013)
Web site Web site sponsor as author
Note: Do not need to state publisher as it is the same as the sponsor.
Better Health Channel 2012, Obesity, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Obesity
Citation : (Better Health Channel 2012)
Social media
Blogs are author centred- posts are made by a person (or a group). Blog is an abbreviation of web log.
When comments are added to the blog a person is posting to the blog. The comments are called blog
posts. Blog posts are similar to a person making entries in their diary or log book. They are usually
expressing the authors opinion on a topic. Blog posts are arrange in reverse date order; meaning the
newest blog post will be at the top of the page on the blog. Once the blog post is available online other
people are able to comment.
Blog
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of blog, web log, viewed day month year, URL.
Chua-Rubenfeld, S 2012, New tiger in town, web log, viewed 5 October 2012,
http://tigersophia.blogspot.com.au/
Citation : (Chua-Rubenfeld 2012)
MUFY Style manual
33
AE
Blog post
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of blog post, Title of blog, web log post day month,
Chen, M 2012, Interning at Penguin: Hear from Marissa, editorial with Hamish Hamilton, The
Penguin Blog, web log post, 3 Sept, viewed 7 Sept 2012,
http://thepenguinblog.typepad.com/the_penguin_blog/
Citation : (Chen 2012)
Update on social media e.g. Facebook, Twitter etc.
Social media sites allow individuals (and groups) to interact socially with other people online. Users can
set up their own profile and post comments and photos to their page or comment on a friends page.
Examples include Facebook, Twitter, Weibo, Renren, Wechat, LINE, Foursquare, Friends Reunited.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of post, format, day month, name of list owner (if not
already stated), viewed date, URL.
Abbot, T 2013, Facebook update, 2 October, viewed 9 October 2013
https://www.facebook.com/TonyAbbottMP#!/photo.php?fbid=10152010925993646&set=a.101
51388742708646.531111.216342268645&type=1
Citation : (Abbot 2013)
Bulletin boards, discussion forums, Usenet groups, email list servers
Bulletin boards usually cover a specific area of interest or topic. A member can post messages or leave
messages for other members. They may often have inexpensive software products for members to
download.
Discussion forums are topic centred they organized into topic threads. Anyone who is a member is
able to start a thread on a topic of their choice. Other members are then able to comment. Discussion
takes place when comments are made. It is possible to follow a thread on a particular topic. The initial
post appears first and comments are in the order they were made; the most recent comment will be at
the end.
Email list servers are topic centred. Members are on an email mailing list. When an email is posted to
the list a copy of the email is sent to everyone on the list. Members are then able to post their replies to
the list or to the individual member.
In the reference you need to include the format e.g. bulletin board or discussion form or Usenet or list
server. The name of the list owner may be an organization name.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of post, format, day month year, name of list owner,
viewed date, URL.
Ellingworth, A 2013, Careers newsletter 4th October 2013, discussion forum, 4 October 2013,
Monash College Moodle, viewed 9 October 2013,
http://mcpl.moodlesites.com/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=15247
Citation : (Ellingworth 2013)
MUFY Style manual
34
AE
Wikis
Wikis are content based. Wikis do not have an author as anyone can contribute to them; the focus is on
the content, not the author. Wiki pages are usually neutral and objective. Any discussion is kept
separate from the wiki content.
Title of wiki page, Year of publication, Title of wiki, viewed day month year, URL.
Global warming 2013, Wikipedia, wiki article, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming
Citation : (Global warming 2013)
YouTube Video (or similar)
Include the following information in this order.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of web site, Publisher or sponsor of the site, format,
mcgrath127 2010, Mission Impossible squirrel, YouTube, online video, viewed 10 September
2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ke7jeTQJ9pw
Citation : (mcgrath127 2010)
Google Maps
Include the following information in this order. Include the city and state as the title of the map. Use
the link icon to obtain the URL for the map.
Melbourne, Victoria, 2014, Google Maps, viewed 7 April 2014,
https://maps.google.com.au/maps?hl=en&ll=37.830938,144.936447&spn=0.091654,0.181103&t=m&z=13
Citation : (Melbourne, Victoria 2014)
Government publications
Government publications follow the general rules but there are specific rules for determining the
author.
Hansard
Hansard is a record of parliamentary debates in the Westminster system of government. The
Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system modelling on the United Kingdom system of
government. Australian State and Federal governments are based on the Westminster system.
Hansard should be referenced as if viewed in print, even if viewed electronically.
Commonwealth of Australia 2013, Parliamentary debates: Senate : official Hansard , No. 7, pp.
4072-4103
Citation : (Commonwealth of Australia 2013)
MUFY Style manual
35
AE
Publications produced by government agencies

If there is no obvious author, cite the agency as the author. Include publisher details if they are needed
for clarification purposes e.g. Department of Health every country will have a Department of Health
to which one does the reference apply?
Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy 2012 The easy guide to
socialising online, DBCDE, Canberra, viewed 31 May 2013, http://www.dbcde.gov.au/easyguide
Citation : (Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy 2012)
Publications produced by an individual for a government agency
If there is a specific author and a government agency listed, cite the individual author as the author and
if needed acknowledge the department after the title. Normally, however, the publisher information
will include the government agency information and there is no need to repeat the information. If it is
unclear as to the jurisdiction of the government agency (whether it is State or Federal), include that
information e.g. Commonwealth, Victoria, United States. The place of publication will normally give
some indication e.g. Sydney would normally indicate a NSW government department.
Insert a description of what the document is at the end of the title if it is not clear. Often there may be
similar documents and the only way to tell them apart is by the additional information e.g. report,
research report, white paper, green paper, occasional paper, media release, fact sheet.
Burnes, D 1999 Youth labour market trends in NSW: August 1999: report, NSW Department of
Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business, Sydney.
Citation : (Burnes 1999)
Australian Bureau of Statistics online

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) http://www.abs.gov.au/ is Australias national statistical agency
and provides statistics on a wide range of areas e.g. population, economics, environmental issues, social
issues.
initials or abbreviations) in the reference
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010, 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 200910: Feature article 1:
Overseas student enrolments with higher education providers, viewed 10 October 2013,
Citation : (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010)
in round brackets in the reference following the full name.
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2010, 1301.0 - Year Book Australia, 200910: Feature article
1: Overseas student enrolments with higher education providers, viewed 10 October 2013,
Citation : (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] 2010)
The second and subsequent citations can just include the abbreviation.
Citation : (ABS 2010)
MUFY Style manual
36
AE
Standards online
Standards are documents that set out the specifications and procedures to ensure consistency in quality
and safety. A technical standard is a document that establishes uniform (standard) engineering or
technical measurements, processes, methods and practices. There may be national or international
standards. International standards overcome problems caused by having different technical standards
in different countries. Standards Australia is the organisation in Australia that is responsible for
overseeing standards in Australia.
Standards Australia International 2001, The legal profession: guide to ISO 9001 : 2001
http://search.slv.vic.gov.au/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=MAIN&reset_config=
true&docId=SLV_VOYAGER966050
Citation : (Standards Australia International 2001)
Legal sources
Legal sources should be referenced as if viewed in print, even if viewed electronically. They should be
cited intext by their title.
An Act is a statue or law enacted as the primary legislation by a national or state parliament. A Bill is
proposed legislation that is presented to the Parliament so it can be approved by Parliament and made
into an Act.
List Acts/Bills alphabetically in a separate section with the heading Legislation at the end of your
reference list. If you are citing legal sources from outside Australia you will need to include the country.
Bill
Bills are cited in text by their title.
Parliament of Victoria 2013, Transport Accident Amendment Bill 2013
Citation : (Transport Accident Amendment Bill 2013)
Act of Parliament
Acts are cited in text by their title.
Australian Education Act 2013 (Cwlth)
Citation : (Australian Education Act 2013)
For the second and any other subsequent citations you do not need to include the year as part of the
title
Citation : (Australian Education Act)
Case
Cases are cited in text by their title. You need to include their title and reference details (year or volume
number, the abbreviated name of the report series, the page on which the report of the case begins).
You use italics for the formal name of the case and normal type for the reference details.
Mabo and Others v Queensland (No. 2) [1992] 175 CLR 1
Citation : (Mabo and Others v Queensland (No. 2) [1992] 175 CLR 1)
MUFY Style manual
37
AE
Conferences
Conference papers may be published or unpublished. If referring to an unpublished paper use the
words paper presented at to indicate that it is an unpublished paper. There may be a published version
elsewhere. You need to include the location and date of the conference.
Conference paper - online
Use when referring to one paper presented at a conference.
Reichelt, R 2000, Sustainability of the Great Barrier Reef, Proceedings of the Academy of
Technological Sciences and Engineering Conference 'Sustainable Australia?', Brisbane,
November, in Maritime Studies, no. 120, Sept-Oct 2001: 14-27, viewed, 25 October 2013,
http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.lib.monash.edu.au/fullText;dn=200116421;res=APAFT
Citation : (Reichelt 2000)
Conference paper unpublished
If referring to an unpublished paper use the words paper presented at to indicate that it is an
unpublished paper. An unpublished paper may have a print version that was available for conference
participants but it is not available to non-participants. There may be a published version elsewhere.
Reichelt, R 2000, Sustainability of the Great Barrier Reef, paper presented at Academy of
Technological Sciences and Engineering Conference 'Sustainable Australia?', Brisbane,
November.
Citation : (Reichelt 2000)
Conference proceedings - online
Use when referring to the conference proceedings as a whole. Proceedings means the whole collection
of papers from a conference. Include : proceedings if it is not included in the title.
UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development: proceedings 2009, Bonn,
Germany, 31 March 2 April, viewed 23 October 2013 http://www.esd-world-conference2009.org/fileadmin/download/ESD2009ProceedingsEnglishFINAL.pdf
Citation : (UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development:
proceedings 2009)
Theses and dissertations

The words thesis and dissertation are sometime interchangeable but there is a difference. A thesis is a
proposition, which needs to be proved, therefore a thesis paper involves original research.
A
dissertation implies that the author has looked into something and has set down what they have found
and their thoughts on it. You need to state what type of thesis it is e.g.: masters thesis, honours thesis,
doctoral thesis. You do not include any quotation marks or italics for the thesis title. Include the name
of the university. Include the location of the university if it is not apparent from the name of the
university.
Thesis - online
Judge, M 2010 Consumers and benefits of genetically modified vegetables a thesis, masters
thesis, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, viewed 28 October
2013, http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1283&context=theses
Citation: (Judge 2010)
MUFY Style manual
38
AE
Thesis unpublished
Orr, A 1991 Attitudes to library automation, masters thesis, Monash University, Clayton, Vic.
Course materials
Include details of what type of materials they are e.g.: course materials, lecture materials, tutorial
materials.
Course materials produced by lecturers/teachers, print
Ellingworth, A 2013, Unit 1 Home Group Week 1 The MUFY Library and locating information,
course materials, Semester 2, 2013, Monash College Foundation Year.
Citation: (Ellingworth 2013)
Course materials produced by lecturers/teachers, online
Ellingworth, A 2013, Unit 1 Home Group Week 1 The MUFY Library and locating information,
online course materials, Semester 2, 2013, Monash College Foundation Year,
http://mcpl.moodlesites.com/mod/folder/view.php?id=74945
Citation: (Ellingworth 2013)
Data, images and figures

When referencing data, images of figures you need to reference the whole item that the data, image or
figure is found in. Your intext citation should include information about the specific item you are
referencing.
Evans, B, Ladiges, P, McKenzie, J, Batterham, P & Sanders, Y 2012 Heinemann biology 2: VCE
units 3 & 4. Study design 2013-2016, 4th edn. enhanced, Pearson Australia, Melbourne.
Citation: Evans et al. 2012, Figure 8.14
Baylis, J, Smith, S & Owen, P 2011 The globalization of world politics, 5th edn, Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
Citation: Baylis, Smith & Owen 2011, Table 3.6
Audio and video resources

CD ROMs
Include the following information in this order. Not all CD ROMs will have an author.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Title of CD ROM, CD ROM, Publisher, Place of publication.
Grivas, J & Jory, M 1999, Psychology VCE units 3 & 4 2000, CD ROM, Macmillan Education
Australia, South Yarra, Vic.
Citation : (Grivas & Jory 1999)
Microsoft Encarta encyclopedia standard 2002, CD ROM, Microsoft, Redmond, Washington.
Citation : (Microsoft Encarta encyclopedia standard 2002)
Television or Radio program on-air
Include the following information in this order. Not all television and radio programs will need all these
details listed: e.g. there may not have any series details. Indicate what medium e.g. television program
or radio program. If there is no title, make one up that summarizes the program and show it with
MUFY Style manual
39
AE
square brackets around it e.g. [Title]. List the producer, presenter, sound engineer etc. as authors as
relevant including a description of their role if necessary for clarification e.g. series producer, sound
engineer.
Where possible use an online version with closed captions for quotes.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Episode title, Series title, format, Broadcasting station,
Date of broadcast.
Bazley, N 2013, What is malaria and can we fight it?, Behind the news, television program,
ABC1, 4 June.
Citation : (Bazley 2013)
This example has a title that has been created because the on-air broadcast did not have a title so a title
had to be created that described the program (compare this to the online version which did have a title
supplied):
Cannane, S 2012, *NSW abattoir closed over inhumane slaughter practices+, Lateline, television
program, ABC1, 9 February.
Citation : (Cannane 2012)
Television or Radio program - online
Include the following information in this order. Not all television and radio programs will need all these
details listed e.g. there may not be any series details. List the producer, presenter, sound engineer etc
as authors as relevant including a description of their role if necessary for clarification e.g. series
producer, sound engineer.
Where possible use an online version with closed captions for quotes.
Author's surname, initials Year of publication, Episode title, Series title, format, broadcaster, viewed
day month year, URL.
Bazley, N 2013, What is malaria and can we fight it?, television program, ABC TV, viewed 18
June 2013, http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3769112.htm
Citation : (Bazley 2013)
This example has a title that was supplied on the website (compare this to the on-air broadcast which
did not have a title supplied):
Cannane, S 2012, NSW abattoir closed over slaughter practices, Lateline, television program,
ABC TV, viewed 18 June 2013, http://www.abc.net.au/lateline/content/2012/s3427271.htm
Citation : (Cannane 2012)
Films
Title Year of publication, motion picture, publisher, place of publication, any other useful information.
Whale rider 2002, motion picture, South Pacific Pictures, Auckland, written and directed by Niki
Caro, starring Keisha Castle-Hughes, Rawiri Paratene, Vicky Haughton.
Citation : (Whale rider 2002)
MUFY Style manual
40
AE
Note: If a film was viewed as a DVD or Blu-ray disc, use those formats
Videos and DVDs/Blu-ray disks
Include the following information in this order. Not all DVDs and videos will need all these details listed:
e.g. a video tape may not have transmission details; a movie on DVD or video may not have any series
details. Indicate what medium e.g. tape, disk etc and format e.g. VHS, DVD, Blu-ray, etc
Series title. Series number. Title Year, Medium, Publisher, Place of publication.
Walking with beasts. 1. New dawn 2001, DVD, BBC, London.
Citation : (Walking with beasts. 1. New dawn 2001)
Whale rider 2002, DVD, South Pacific Pictures, Auckland, distributed by Buena Vista Home
Entertainment, written and directed by Niki Caro, starring Keisha Castle-Hughes, Rawiri
Paratene, Vicky Haughton.
Citation : (Whale rider 2002)
Sound recordings
Writers surname, initials Date of copyright, Recording artist if different from writer, Title of album,
format, Record company name, Place of publication.
Tchaikovsky, P 1991, Philadelphia Orchestra, 1812 overture, CD, RCA, New York.
Citation : (Tchaikovsky 1991)
Sound recordings Specific song
Writers surname, initials Date of copyright, Title of song, Recording artist if different from writer, on
Title of album, format, Record company name, Place of publication.
Cohen, L 1994, Hallelujah, Buckley, J on Grace, CD, Columbia, New York.
Citation : (Cohen 1994)
Red Hot Chili Peppers 2002, By the way, on By the way, CD, Warner Brothers Records, New
York.
Citation : (Red Hot Chili Peppers 2002)
Personal communications / Interviews

Gain permission of the persons involved before using a personal communication.
Personal
communications are not normally included in the reference list because they are not available to others.
Full details of the date of a personal communication including a description of the type of
communication (e.g. telephone interview, personal interview, facsimile) should be provided.
Sender's surname, initials Description of type of communication, Day month year.
Smith, J Telephone interview, 15 July 2011.
Citation : (Smith 2011)
Rogers, K Personal interview, 24 July 2011.
Citation : (Rogers 2011)
MUFY Style manual
41
AE
E-Mail
Gain permission of the persons involved before using an email. Emails are not normally included in the
reference list because they are not available to others. If you do include the reference it needs to be in
this order:
Sender's surname, initials (Sender's e-mail address), Day month year, Subject of message, e-mail to
(recipient's e-mail address).
Smith, J (smith.j@mufy.edu.au), 20 June 2012, Exam timetable, (e-mail to
jones.a@mufy.vic.edu.au ).
Citation : (Smith 2012)
MUFY Style manual
42
AE
Sample bibliography
References
Better Health Channel 2012, Diabetes, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Obesity
Burnes, Dallas 1999 Youth labour market trends in NSW: August 1999, Commonwealth Department of
Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business, Sydney.
Chen, M 2012, Interning at Penguin: Hear from Marissa, editorial with Hamish Hamilton, The Penguin
Blog, web log post, 3 Sept, viewed 7 Sept 2012, http://thepenguinblog.typepad.com/the_penguin_blog/
Cho, T 2008, Learning English, in Pung, A (ed.), Growing up Asian in Australia, Black Inc, Melbourne.
Chua-Rubenfeld, S 2012, New
http://tigersophia.blogspot.com.au/
tiger
in
town,
web
log,
viewed
October
2012,
Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy 2012 The easy guide to socialising
online, viewed 31 May 2013, http://www.dbcde.gov.au/easyguide
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2011 International aid: an overview, Commonwealth
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade in Healey, J (ed.) International aid, The Spinney Press, Thirroul,
NSW.
Dinosaurs 1992, Octopus, London.
Drill, S 2012, Women rejoice over equal pay', Herald Sun, 2 February, viewed 14 February 2012,
http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/women-rejoice-over-equal-pay/story-fn7x8me21226260014984.
Global warming 2013, Wikipedia, wiki article, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming
Greenpeace Australia Pacific 2012, The history of Greenpeace, viewed 20 May 2013,
http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/en/about/history/
Grivas, J & Jory, M 1999, Psychology VCE units 3 & 4 2000, CD ROM, Macmillan Education Australia,
South Yarra, Vic.
Healey, J (ed.) 2012 International aid, The Spinney Press, Thirroul, NSW.
Pung, A 2006, Unpolished gem, Black Inc, Melbourne.
Red Hot Chili Peppers 2002, By the way, on By the way, CD, Warner Brothers Records, New York.
Legislation
Parliament of Victoria 2013, Transport Accident Amendment Bill 2013
Cases
Mabo and Others v Queensland (No. 2) [1992] 175 CLR 1
MUFY Style manual
43
AE
Bibliography
King, J 2012, Harvard guide to referencing and bibliographies: for secondary school students, 4th edition,
School Library Association of Queensland, Brisbane.
Monash University Library 2006, Plagiarism. Citing and referencing tutorial, Monash University, viewed
9 November 2011 http://www.lib.monash.edu/tutorials/citing/plagiarism.html .
Oxford Dictionaries Online 2011,
http://oxforddictionaries.com/
Oxford
University
Press,
viewed
November
2011,
Pears, R & Shields, G 2013, Cite them right: the essential referencing guide, 9th edition, Palgrave
Macmillan, London.
Snooks & Co 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, rev., John Wiley & Sons,
Canberra.
MUFY Style manual
44
AE
ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET

STUDENT DETAILS
ID
Family name
Phone no.
Given names
Monash email address

INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMISSION OF HARD COPY (PRINT) ASSIGNMENTS
1. Read and sign your cover sheet
2. Staple this sheet to the front of your assignment
3. Your assignment should be placed in the appropriate assignment box on your campus, unless other arrangements has been
approved by the MUFY Head
4. For group assignments each student must attach their own signed cover sheet to the assignment.
5. Electronic submission is only permitted if stated in the unit guide or with the teachers approval
ASSIGNMENT DETAILS
Unit name
Unit code
Assignment title
Teachers name
Due date
Date submitted
All work must be submitted by the due date. An application to extend the due date on the basis of special consideration must be
lodged with the Unit Coordinator on the form Application for Consideration of Disadvantage. If granted, you must attach a copy of
the confirmation.
Extension granted until (date)
Confirmation attached (tick)
DISTRIBUTION OF ASSIGNMENT RESULTS

Your marked assignment will be returned to you per the information given in the unit outline. If you do not want your assignment returned in
this way, please contact the teacher named below on or before the assignment due date and complete the following approval.
Alternative mode of assignment return has been arranged
Details of
arrangement
Date
Students Signature
Teachers name
Teachers Signature
Cheating and assisting to cheat are offences under the Monash University Foundation Year regulations as stated in the Assessment
Policy.
Cheating involves any means by which a student seeks to obtain an unfair advantage in the work submitted for assessment. Assisting to
cheat involves any means by which a student helps another to gain an unfair advantage. Collaboration involves working with another person
or persons, and in order to prevent any unfair advantage is only allowed where the relevant lecturer has specifically permitted it. Plagiarism is
a form of cheating, and involves the presentation of some or all of another students work, or material from any other source such as the
Internet, published books, or periodicals, without due acknowledgment given in the text. If students present as their own work that is the work
of another person, is copied from another source, has been presented by a previous student, has been presented by a student at another
institution, or has been presented for assessment at another time in a course or at any time in another course, this may be interpreted as
cheating. Plagiarism detection software may be used to check your assignment for plagiarism. Where work submitted for assessment by two
or more persons is the same or substantially the same, the work so submitted is prima facie evidence of cheating by those persons. It may
also be that one student has assisted another to cheat, which is also an offence. Where there are reasonable grounds for believing that
cheating or assisting to cheat has occurred, the teacher/lecturer will refer the matter to the MUFY Head, who will follow the procedures as
outlined in Section 6 of the Monash University Foundation Year Assessment Policy.
Privacy Statement
The information on this form is collected for the primary purpose of assessing your assignment. Other purposes of collection include recording
your plagiarism and collusion declaration, attending to administrative matters, and statistical analyses. If you choose not to complete all the
questions on this form Monash University Foundation Year may disallow the submission of your assignment.
Students Statement
I have read and understood the information provided on this assignment cover sheet and the Monash University Foundation Year Assessment
Policy relating to cheating and assisting to cheat, collusion, collaboration and plagiarism. I certify that: the attached work is entirely my own
except where work quoted is duly acknowledged in the text; that I have not worked with another person or persons except where specifically
permitted by the lecturer; and that this work has not been submitted for assessment by myself or any other person at any other time. I have
retained a copy of my work.
Student Signature: __________________________________ Date: ______________________
MUFY Style manual
45
AE

MUFY Style Manual

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

MUFY Style Manual

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

MUFY Style Manual

MUFY Style manual

Words and phrases to use for author prominent quotes ................................................................... 20

Magazine and journal three authors - print........................................................................................ 31

Act of Parliament ................................................................................................................................ 37

MUFY Style manual

MUFY Style manual

British and American spelling

MUFY Style manual

Personal names ending in any letter other than s have s added.

MUFY Style manual

Punctuation at the end of a sentence: Full stops, question marks and

Punctuation in the middle of a sentence: Colons, semi-colons and commas

MUFY Style manual

Holidays, religious days and public events are always capitalised.

MUFY Style manual

Abbreviations and shortened forms of words

Monash University Foundation Year

MUFY Style manual

consumer price index

MUFY Style manual

Numbers and measurement

MUFY Style manual

Bridging words and phrases

To indicate cause and effect or sequence:

MUFY Style manual

Assignment Presentation guidelines

MUFY Style manual

Price (per kilo)

MUFY Style manual

Loss of marks for the assessment item

In the business and scientific world, plagiarism may result in lawsuits.

MUFY Style manual

To avoid plagiarism (taking other peoples ideas as your own)

Useful Abbreviations for Referencing

Circa (about, approximately

MUFY Style manual

Citing of references in the text

There are two types of intext citations:

MUFY Style manual

Words and phrases to use for author prominent quotes

MUFY Style manual

Using and referencing quotes in text

MUFY Style manual

Referencing tables, charts, diagrams, pictures, maps, graphs etc.

MUFY Style manual

Reference in Reference list

MUFY Style manual

Reference list / Bibliography

Where to find the information you need for your reference

Janene Chase & Charles Taylor

MUFY Style manual

Sample Verso page (reverse side of the title page)

You need to include the date

If there are several cities

MUFY Style manual

MUFY Style manual

Using abbreviations in references and citations

MUFY Style manual

MUFY Style manual

Book with a second or later edition

MUFY Style manual

Periodicals and serials (Magazines and newspapers)

MUFY Style manual

Student Signature: ____________ Date: