IMPORTANT FORMULAS

1) Volume

v = r3

2) Density =

3) Distance = s = vt
4) Speed = v =

5) Average speed =
6) Velocity =

7) aav =
8) S = vi + at
9) S = vit + at2
10)

2as = vf2 - vi2

11)

Force = f = ma

12)

Momentum = p = mv

Law of conservation of momentum = m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 +m2v2

14)
Static friction = Fs = sfn
13)

15)

Kinetic Friction = Fk = kfn

16)

Fx = f cos ...

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 1

17)

Fy = f sin...

18)

Torque = .... = rf

19)

Centripetal Force = Fc =

20)

Centrifugal force = Fr =

21)

Mass of earth =

22)

Average density of the earth =

23)

gh = G

24)

Orbital velocity = Vorb =

25)

V =

26)

Fc =

27)

Law of Gravitation = F = -G

28)

Work = w = Fs

29)

Power = p =

30)

Kinetic Energy = K.E =

31)

Gravitational Potential Energy = G.P.E = mgh

32)

Poential Energy = P.E = mgh

33)

Mechanical Advantage = M.A =

34)

Input = E x d

NAJAM US SAQIB

mv2

Page 2

35)

Output = L x d

36)

Efficiency =

37)

M.A of single fixed Pulley = M.A =

38)

M.A of single moveable pulley = M.A =

39)

Inclined Plain = M.A =

=1
= 2

= M.A =

40)

M.A of wheel and axles = M.A =

41)

M.A of screw Jack = M.A =

42)

Tensile strain =

43)

Stress =

44)

Young Modulus = Y =

45)

Pressure = p = pgh

46)

Force = f = mg

47)

Conversion of celcius to fahrenheit scale = TF = X Tc +32

48)

Conversion of fahrenheit to celcius scale = TC = (TF - 32)

49)

Relationship b/w Kelvin and celcius scale: Tk = TC + 273

50)

Charles Law =

NAJAM US SAQIB

=
Page 3

51)

Boyle Law = v ...

52)

Simple harmonic Motion = F = kx

53)

Simple Pendulum = T = 2

54)

Simple Pendulum on Earth = TE =2

55)

Simple Pendulum on Moon = TM = 2

56)

V = f...

57)

F = kx

58)

Speed of sound = v = 4fl

59)

Sound level = 10 log

60)

S = vt

61)

......................................... =

62)

Linear magnification =

63)

Refractive Index of glass with respect to air =

=
64)

N =

65)

Power of Lens = p =

66)

Angle of incidence and angle of refraction =

67)

F = k

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 4

where k = 9 x 109 Nm2c-2

68)

F =

69)

Electric Field = E =

70)

Capacitance = Q = CV

71)

Q = Q1 + Q 2 + Q3

72)
73)

Ce = C1 + C2

74)
75)

=
= Parallel combination of capacitor
= Series combination of capacitor

Electric Current = I =

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 5

VALUES
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

Description
Value of g
L.C of vernier caliper
L.C of micrometer or secrew gauge
One Horse power
Diameter of eye
Charge on Electron
Charge on Proton
Charge on Neutron
Mass of Proton
Mass of Neutron
Mass of Electron
Electron is lighter than proton and neutron
Proton and neutron are heavier than electron
In human ear effect of sound remain
Speed of light
Speed of sound in air on 0C
Speed of sound in air at normal temperature
Mass of earth
Latent Heat of fusion
Laten heat of Vaporization
One coloumb is equal to ---------charge of electron
Pico
Micro
Infra sonic
Altra sonic
M.A of of fixed pulley
M.A of moveable pulley
Water -------------from 0C to 4C
On 4C the density of water is
One 0C the density of water is
Speed of light in glass
Speed of light in air
Equation of motion
Newtons law
Kinds of motion
State of equilibrium
Conduction of equilibrium
Ways of transmission of heat
Characteristic of light

Value
9.8 or 10ms-2
0.1mm
0.01mm
746 mega watt
2.5mm
1.6 x 10-19
1.6 x 10-19
No Charge
1.67 x 10-27
1.67 x 10-27
9.1 x 10-31
1836 times
1836 times
seconds
3 x 108 m/sec
330 m/sec
340 m/sec
6 x 1024 kg
336000 j/kg
2260000 j/kg
6.2 x 1018
10-12
10-6
Zero to 19 Hertz
Above 20000 Hertz
1
2
Contract
Maximum
Minimum
2 x 108 m/sec
3 x 108 m/sec
03
03
03
03
03
03
05

Theories of light

03

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 6

42
43
44
45
46
TRIGNOMETRIC TABLE

Sin

Cos

Tan

1.0

30

= 0.5

= 0.866

45

= 0.707

= 0.0707

60

= 0.866

= 0.05

90

1.0

NAJAM US SAQIB

= 0.577

1.0

(Unlimited)

Page 7

IMPORTANT PHYSICS LAWS

1)

Hooks law:
The relationship b/w stress and strain is called Hooks law.

2)

Newton First Law:

Everybody continues in it state of rest or uniform motion in as straight line unless it is

compelled to change the state by an external force impressed upon it is called newton
first law.
3)

Newton second law:

When a force is act upon a body. An acceleration is produced in the direction of force.
Magnitude of acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely
proportional to the mass is called second law of motion.
4)

Newton third law:

Action and reaction are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

5)

law of Gravitation:

Every object in the universe attract every other object with a force which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to square of the
distance b/w their centers is called law of gravitation.
6)

Coloumb law:

The force of attraction or repulsion b/w two charged bodies is directly proportional to
the product of their quantity of charges on them and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them is called columb law.
7)

Young Modulus:

The ratio b/w stress and strain is called young modulus.

8)

OHM law:

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 8

9) Farady law of electromagnetic induction:

The value of induced E.M.F is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux. This is
know as Farady la of electromagnetic induction.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 9

TEST NO. 01
1) SPEED
Distance covered in a unit time is called speed.
2) VELOCITY
The rate of change of displacement of a body is called velocity.
3) ACCELERATION
The rate of change of velocity of a body is called acceleration.
4) DISPLACEMENT:
The shortest distance b/w two points is known as displacement.
5) MOMENTUM:
The product of mass and velocity is called momentum.
6) TORQUE:
The rotational effect of a force measure by a quantity is known as torque .
7) POWER:
Rate of doing work is called power.
8) Energy:
Capacity of doing work is called energy.
9) MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE (M.A):
Ratio of load and effort is called mechanical advantage.
10) EFFECIENCY:
Ratio of output and input is called efficiency.
11) PRESSURE:
The force exerted perpendicularly on unit area of an object is called pressure.
12) STRESS:
The force acting on the unit area of an object is called stress.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 10

13) STRAIN:
Change in the shape of an object caused due to stress is called strain.
14) TANSILE STRAIN:
The ratio of change in length to original length is called tensile strain.
15) HOOKS LAW:
The relationship b/w stress and strain is called hooks law.
16) YOUNG MODULUS:
The ratio b/w stress and strain is called young modulus.
17) MASS:
Quantity of matter in a body is called mass.
20) WEIGHT:
The force with which the earth attracts the body towards its center is called weight.
21) Lever:
A bar which can move around any point is called lever.
22) Fulcrum:
The point around which lever is rotate is called fulcrum.
23) Viscosity:
Viscosity is the force that arises due to the force of friction b/w different layer of fluid to
flow.
24) EVAPORATION:
The process of change of liquid into vapors without boiling is called evaporation.
25) Brownian Motion:
The irregular motion of molecules is called Brownian motion.
26) INERTIA:
First law of Newton is also known as law of inertia.
27) BOYLES LAW:
In Boyle law temperature is constant
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 11

28) CHARLUS LAW:

In Charles law pressure is constant.
29) HOW MANY BASE QUANTITIES and BASE UNITS:
There are seven base quantities and seven base units.
1) Length
2) Mass
3) Time
4) Current
5) Temperature
6) Intensity of light
7) Amount of substance
30) VERNIER CALLIPER:
An instrument which can measure length correct up to 0.1mm is called veriner caliper.
31) MICROMETER/ SCREW GAUGE:
An instrument which can measure length correct up to 0.1mm is called micrometer /
screw gauge.
32) CURRENT:
Flow of electron is called current.
33) VOLTAGE:
Pressure of electron is called voltage.
34) How many types of current:
1) Alternating current
2) Direct current.
35) Which charge on alpha rays?
Positive
36) Which charge on Beta rays?
Negative
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 12

37) In P-Type material charge carries?

Hole
38) In N-type material Charge carries?
Electron.
39) CAPACITOR:
Which stores the electric charge is called capacitor.
40) Resistance is an opposition to the flow of current.
41) In series circuit current is always constant.
42) In parallel circuit voltage is always constant.
43) CONDUCTOR:
The substance from which current passes easily is called conductor.
44) INSULATOR:
The substance from which current cannot pass easily is called insulator.
45) GALVANOMETER:
It is very sensitive instrument used to detect the presence of current in the circuit.
46) AMMETER:
It is an instrument which measures current.
47) VOLTMETER:
It is used to measure the potential difference b/w two points.
48) By connecting a low resistance in parallel with galvanometer it will become
Ammeter.
49) Galvanometer will become Voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series with
it.
50) To measure current Ammeter is connected in series in the circuit.
51) Voltmeter is always connected in parallel with the resistance to measure the potential difference

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 13

TEST NO. 02
1) ATOMIC NUMBER:
The no of proton in the nucleus is called atomic number.
2) MASS NUMBER:
The total number of proton and neutrons in the nucleus is called mass number.
3) ISOTOPE:
Isotopes are those elements whose atomic numbers are same but mass number are
different.
4) Fission reaction:
Breaking of nucleus into two parts with the release of large amount of energy is called
fission reaction.
5) Fusion reaction:
A reaction in which few small nuclei diffuse to form heavy nucleus is called fusion
reaction.
6) Diode work as a rectifier
7) Which convert AC to DC is called rectifier.
8) Transistor work as an amplifier
9) How many types of transistor?
There are 2 types of transistor:
1) PNP Transistor
2) NPN transistor.
10) PNP TRANSISTER:
In pnp transistor aero is toward the base.
11) NPN Transister:
In npn transistor aero is away from the base.
12) In transistor in the center is base one side is emitter and other side is collector.
13) Diode P Part is know as anode.
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 14

14) Diode N part is cathode.

15) Di-electric work as a insulator
16) Thermo state control the temperature.
17) MOTOR:
Which convert electrical energy into mechanical energy is called motor.
18) GENERATOR:
Which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy is called generator.
19) BATTERY:
Which convert chemical energy into electrical energy into electrical energy is called
battery.
20) ENERGY:
The product of charge and potential difference is equal to energy.
21) PASCAL Law:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
22) How many kinds of motion?
1) Translaory motion:
2) Rotator motion:
3) Vibratory Motion
23) Translatory Motion:
Such type of motion in every partical of the body have exactly the same motion is known
as translator motion.
24) Rotator motion:
When each point of a body moves around a fixed point or axis, then the motion of the
body is called rotator motion.
25) Vibratory motion:
When a body moves to and fro about a point and repeats its motion again and again
about the same point is called vibratory motion.
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 15

26) How many kinds of translator motion?

1) linear motion
2) circular motion
3) Random motion
27) LINEAR MOTION:
If the motion of the body is in straight line. It is known as linear motion.
28) CIRCULAR MOTION:
If a body moves in a circle, such motion is called circular motion.
29) RANDOM MOTION:
If a body movies in a irregular manner is called random motion.
30) Rolling friction is less than the sliding friction 100 times.
31) A strip of two different metal is used in thermometer, thermo state and fire alarm.
32) Pressure is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to area.
33) INCLINED PLANE:
A surface whose one end is higher than the other end is called an inclined plane.
34) The length of the inclined plane is always kept larger than its height.
35) The mechanical advantage of inclined plane is more than 1.
36) TENSION
The force acting along a string is called tension.
37) The sliding friction is about one 100 times more than rolling friction.
38) Rolling friction is less than sliding friction.
39) Ball bearing converts sliding friction into Rolling friction.
40) Kinetic energy is less than static Friction.
41) WORK
The product of force and displacement covered in the direction of force is called work.
42) When increase the temperature of conductor the resistance will also increase.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 16

43) OHM LAW:

..
44) Alfa rays are the nucleus of helium.
45) Beta rays are high speed electrons.
46) KINETIC ENERGY:
Ability to do work due to its motion is called kinetic energy.
47) POTENTIAL ENERGY:
Ability to do work due to its position is called potential energy.
48) GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY:
Energy of a body due to its height from the surface of the earth is called gravitational
potential energy.
49)

30 =

50) SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (SHM):

Simple harmonic motion is kind of vibratory motion in which acceleration of body is
directly proportional to the displacement of the body from equilibrium is always
directed toward equilibrium position.
51) PITCH:
The vertical distance covered by completing by the cycle is called pitch.
52) MOTION:
When a body changing its direction and speed again and again with respect to some
observer then it is in the state of motion.
53) REST:
When a body does not change its position and speed with respect to some observer
then it is in the state of rest.
54) BAROMETER:
The instrument used to measure the air pressure is know as barometer.
NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 17

55) How many types of spherical mirror?

There are 2 types of spherical mrror:
1) concave mirror
2) convex mirror
56) CONCAVE MIRROR:
Concave mirror is that whose inner curved surface is reflecting.
57) CONVEX MIRROR:
Convex mirror is that whose outer curved surface is reflecting.
58) How many types of lenses?
There are 2 types of lenses:
1) concave lens
2) convex lens
59) CONCAVE LENS:
Concave lens is thicker in the center.
60) CONVEX LENS:
Convex lens is thicker in center.
61) What charge on gamma rays?
No charge.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 18

TEST NO. 03
1) CAPACITOR:
Which stores the electric charge is called capacitor.
2) FRAD
Frad is the capacity of that conductor whose potential rises by one volt when one
coulomb charge is given to it.
The unit of capacitor is frad.
3) FIXED CAPACITOR:
If the capacitor is such that its plates are immovable is known as fixed capacitor. In fixed
capacitor the capacity of capacitor cannot change.
4) VARIABLE CAPACITOR:
Some arrangement is made so that the area of the plate is can be changed is called
variable capacitor. In variable capacitor the capacity of capacitor can be changed.
5) HALF LIFE:
The half life of an element is that time during which the number of atom of an element
reduced to one half.
6) FORWARD BIAS:
If P-type material is connected to the positive terminal and N-type is connected with the
negative terminal on the battery is called forward baised.
7) REVERSE BIAS:
If P-type material is connected with the negative terminal on the battery and N-type
material is connected with positive terminal of the battery the reverse bias will occur.
8) BASE QUANITIES:
Length mass, time, temperature, intensity of light, and amount of substance are called
base quantities.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 19

9) DERIVED QUANTITIES:
All those quantities which can be derived from base quantities are called derived
quantities. For example speed, area, and volume etc.
10) Differentiate b/w scalar and vector quantities?
SCALAR
Definition:
Those physical quantities which are
describes completely by number are called
scalar quantities.
Examples
1. Temperature
2. Volume
3. Current
4. Mass
5. Length

VECTOR
Definition:
Those physical quantities which has both
magnitude and direction to completely
describe them are called vector quantities
Examples:
1. Weight
2. Velocity
3. Force
4. Momentum
5. Acceleration
6. Torque
7. displacement

11) MECHANICS:
Study of motion and physical effect which influenced motion is called mechanics.
12) ASTROPHYSICS:
The branch of the knowledge of heavenly bodies and interaction of matter and energy in
the space is called astrophysics.
13) GEOPHYSICS:
The study of internal structure of earth is called geophysics.
14) BIOPHYSICS:
The study of biological science on the basic principle of physics is called biophysics.
15) SOLID STATE PHYSICS:
The study of specific properties of matter in solid form is called solid state physics.
16) NUCLEAR PHYSICS:
The study of the properties of isolated nuclei of the atom is called nuclear physics.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 20

17) ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS:

Matter is composed of atom and molecules the study of their properties is called atomic
and molecular physics.
18) ELECTROMAGNETISM:
It is the study of electromagnetic phenomena and mutual relationship b/w them is
called electromagnetism.
19) SOUND:
It deals with the physical aspect of audible sound energy.
20) LIGHT:
It deals with the physical aspect of visible light.
21) PLASMA PHYSICS:
Matter assumes the state of gas and comprising of ions at very high temperature this is
called plasma. The study of properties of matter in this state is called plasma physics.
22) HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS:
It deals with the thermal energy possessed by the molecule of matter and its use when it
flow from one body to another.
23) FRICTION:
The force which produce resistance again relative two surface is called friction.
24) ROLLING FRICTON:
When a body moves with the help of wheels the friction in this case is known as rolling
friction.
25) RESULTANT VECTOR:
The line joining the tail of the first vector with the head of the second vector represents
the resultant vector.
26) HEAD TO TAIL RULE:
The direction of the resultant vector is form the tail of the first vector toward the head
of the second. This is called head to tail rule.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 21

27) In series combination of capacitor the equation of capacitance is

28) The parallel combination of capacitor the equation of capacitance is

C = C1+ C2 + C3
29) In series circuit the sum of the voltage across each of the resistance is equal to the
total voltage of the battery V = V1 + V2 + V3
30) In series circuit the total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistance
R = R1 + R2 + R3
31) In parallel circuit voltage is always constant.
32) In parallel circuit total current is equal to the sum of individual current --
I = I1 + I2 + I3
33) In parallel circuit total resistance is less than individual resistance

34) The temperature at the center of sun is 5 million Kelvin to 20 million Kelvin.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 22

TEST NO. 04
1) CENTRIPETAL FORCE:
A force which act an object moving in a circle and is directed toward the center of the
circle is called centripetal force.
2) CENTRIFUGAL FORCE:
The centripetal force pulls the object towards the center of the circle, as a reaction an
other force appear at the center of the circle which is equal in magnitude to the
centripetal force, but opposite in direction. This outward reaction is called centrifugal
force.
3) NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF MOTION:
Every body continues in it state of rest or uniform motion in as a straight line unless it is
compelled to change that state by an external force impressed upon it is called first law
of Newton.
4) NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION:
When a force is act upon a body an acceleration is produced in the direction of force.
Magnitude of the acceleration is directly proportional to the force and inversely
proportional to the mass of the body.
5) Time period is the reciprocal of frequency.
6) EQUILIBRIUM:
When no net force is acting on the body the body is said to be equilibrium.
7) How many states of equilibrium?
There are three states of physics:
1) stable equilibrium
2) unstable equilibrium
3) neutral equilibrium
8) STABLE EQUILIBRIUM:
Such a state in which body is slightly disturbed and the body becomes to its original
position the body is said to be stable equilibrium.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 23

9) UNSTABLE EQUILIBBRIUM:
On disturbing the body slightly the body does not comes to its original position, the body
is said to be in state of unstable equilibrium.
10) NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM:
A state in which disturbing the body slightly the center on gravity does not shift, the
body is said to be in the state of neutral equilibrium.
11) How many conditions of equilibrium?
There are three conditions of equilibrium
12) FIRST CONDITION OF EQUILIBRIUM:
The first condition of equilibrium s also be stated that the body will be in equilibrium if
the resultant of all the forces acting on it is zero.
13) SECOND CODITION OF EQUILIBRIUM:
If a number of forces acts on a body, so that the total sum of the torques of these forces
is zero, the body will be in equilibrium it is second condition of equilibrium.
14) How many ways of transmission of heat?
There are three ways of transmission of heat:
1) conduction
2) convection
3) radiation.
15) CONDUCTION:
Heat is transferred from the one part of the body to another by interaction of electrons
and molecule is called conduction.
16) CONVECTION:
Transmission of heat due to actual movement of molecules of the substance from one
place to other is called convection.
17) RADIATION:
Heat is transferred from one place to the other in form of waves without effecting the
medium is called radiation.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 24

18) How many characteristic of sound?

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Loudness of sound
Intensity of sound
Pitch of sound
Quality of sound
Music and noise

19) LOUDNESS OF SOUND:

A loud and faint sound can be distinguished by loudness.
20) INTENSITY OF SOUND:
Sound energy flowing per second through a unit area held perpendicular to the direction
of sound wave is called intensity of sound.
21) PITCH OF SOUND
The characteristic of sound by which shrill of sound is distinguish from grave one is
known as pitch of sound.
22) QUALITY OF SOUND:
Two sound of same loudness and pitch are distinguish from each other by quality of
sound.
23) LAW OF GRAVITATION:
Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of
the distance b/w their center is called law of gravitation.
F=G
24) COLUMB LAW:
The force of attraction b/w two charge bodies is directly proportional to the product of
their quantity of charges on them and inversely proportional to the square of the
distance b/w them is called columb law.
F=K
25) MECHANICAL WAVES:
Such waves which need medium for their propagation is called mechanical waves.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 25

26) How many types of mechanical waves?

1) Transverse wave
2) Longitudinal wave
27) TRANSVERSE WAVE:
Transverse wave in which the particles of medium vibrates perpendicular to the
direction of the propagation of the wave .
28) LONGITUDINAL WAVE:
Compressional and Longitudinal waves in which the direction of vibratory motion of the
particles of the medium is parallel to the direction of propagation of wave.
29) TRANSFORMER:
Transformer is a device which is used to increase or decrease the value of alternating
voltage.
30) How many types of transformer?
1) Step up transformer
2) Step down transformer
31) STEP UP TRANSFORMER:
In step up transformer number of turns in primary coil are less than the secondary coil.
32) STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:
In step down transformer number of turns in primary coil are more than the secondary
coil.
33) REFLECTION OF LIGHT:
When light travelling in one medium and strikes the surface of another medium a part of
it is sent back in the same medium, that is known as reflection of light.
34) REFRACTION OF LIGHT:
When a light travelling in one medium strike the surface of another medium it changes
its direction and velocity in the second medium is called refraction of light.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 26

35) ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION:

If in the presence of a charged body an isolated conductor has like charge at one end
unlike charge at the other end then this is called electrostatic induction.
36) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION / FRADAY LAW:
The value if induced E.M.F is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux. This is
known as Frady law of electromagnetic induction.
37) MUTUAL INDUCTION:
If a current is induced in a circuit due to change of current in another circuit this
phenomenon is known as mutual induction.
38) SELF INDUCTION:
The magnetic flax linked with coil charge, this causes and induced E.M.F in the coil which
is known as self induced. E.M.F and this phenomenon is called as self induction.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 27

TEST NO. 05
1) ANALOGUE QUANTITIES:
Those quantities whose value vary continuously or remain constant is known as analog
quantities.
2) ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS:
Which process analogue quantities is called analogue electronics.
3) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS:
The part of electronics which provides the data in the form of a maximum voltage signal
is known as digital electronics.
4) BOOLEAN VARIABLE:
Such things which can have two possible states is known as Boolean variable.
5) OPERATIONS:
Digital electronic requires three operations known as :
i.
ii.
iii.

And operation
Or operation
Not operation

6) LOGIC OPERATION:
The various operation operations of Boolean variable are called logic operation.
7) AND GATE:
The circuit which implements the AND operation is known as and gate.
8) OR GATE:
The circuit which implement OR operation is known as OR GATE.
9) NOT GATE:
The circuit which implement a NOT operation is known as NOT GATE.
10) NAND GATE:
If AND GATE output is coupled with NOT GATE than forms NAND GATE.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 28

11) NOR GATE:

If OR GATE output is coupled with NOT GATE than forms NOR GATE.
12) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY:
The scientific method used to store information, to arrange them for proper use and to
communicate them to others is called information technology.
13) TELECOMMUNICATION:
The means of transmission of information to for off places is called telecommunication.
14) TELEPHONE:
An instrument which changes sound into electric signals and sent to a reciver which
changes these again to sound by fitted system in receiver is called telephone.
15) RADIO:
The instrument in which sound is transmitted by electromagnetic waves is called radio.
16) FAX MAXHINE / TELEX MACHINE:
The machine which sends documents from one place to another is called fax or telex
machine.
17) INTERNET:
The major source of world communication is internet.
18) REMOTE CONTROL:
A instrument which controls the function of TV and other electronic machines without
any cable connection is called remote control.
19) INFORMATION / STORAGE DEVICES:
Audio cassette, video tape, computer disk, laser disk, floppy, and hard disk are storage
information devices.
20) WORD PROCESSING:
By keyboard of a computer type something to do correction, editing or deletion in the
document is called word processing.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 29

21) GRAPHIC DESIGNING:

To draw figure by computer without using drawing material is called graphic designing.
22) DATA MANAGING:
To collect information for special purpose and to store it in a computer in a file for which
may help at time when needed is called data managing.
23) COMPUTER:
An electronic machine which passes the characteristic of production accurate solution of
the given information excessive an lasting memory and making quick decision is called a
computer.

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 30

TEST NO. 06
1) The density of body depends upon mass.
2) Kinetic energy depends upon mass.
3) Momentum depends upon mass
4) Unit of inertia depends upon mass and displacement.
5) Pitch depends upon frequency.
6) S.H.M depends upon time period.
7) Force is directly proportional to acceleration.
8) Current is directly proportional to potential difference.
9) When pressure of water increases it temperature is also increased.
10) To measure current ammeter is connected in series or any circuit.
11) To measure the potential difference voltmeter is connected parallel in any circuit.
12) If in wire current flowing from above to below then the direction of lines forces
will be in clockwise.
13) If in a wire current is flowing from below to above then the direction of lines of
force will be anti clockwise
14) The transverse wave consist of crest and trough.
15) To add vector we kept in mind their direction.
16) When ever light enters from denser medium to rare medium angle of incidence
and angle of reflection become 90 degree with each other then it is called CRITICAL
ANGLE.

PHOTOCOPY ACADEMIC BOOK PAGE 159 TO 173

NAJAM US SAQIB

Page 31