International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 97

Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CONCRETE USING GLASS POWDER

AND GRANITE POWDER
Mrs.G.Lavanya*, R.Karuppasamy**
*

Asst Professor, Dept of Civil Engg, University College of Engineering, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu
**
PG Scholar, Anna University Regional Campus, Madurai, Tamilnadu

ABSTRACT
Glass is unstable in the alkaline environment of
concrete and could cause deleterious alkali-silica
reaction problems. This property has been used to
advantage by grinding it into a fine glass powder
(GLP) for incorporation into concrete as a pozzolanic
material. Using glass powder and granite powder in
concrete is an interesting possibility for economy on
waste disposal sites and conservation of natural
resources. The strength properties will be compared
with the conventional concrete after the curing period
of 7, 14 and 28 days. The grade of concrete used in this
project is M20, M30 and M40. Waste glasses and
granite wastes are to be used so the cost will be
comparatively low when compared with normal
concrete.
Key words: Concrete, Glass powder, Granite powder,
RCC.

cement is replaced 20% of its weight by Glass powder

in all mixes. The investigation is also aimed at finding
out the optimum grade of concrete for superior
strength while using Glass powder and Granite
powder.

Literature Review
AkshayC.Sankh et al (2009)[1] stated that there is a
need to find the new alternative material to replace the
river sand, such that excess river erosion and harm to
environment is prevented. Many researchers are
finding different materials to replace sand and one of
the major materials is quarry stone dust. Using
different proportion of these quarry dust along with
sand the required concrete mix can be obtained. This
paper presents a review of the different alternatives to
natural sand in preparation of mortar and concrete. The
paper emphasize on the physical and mechanical
properties and strength aspect on mortar and concrete.

1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite construction material
composed primarily of aggregate, cement and water.
Generally Concrete is strong in compression and weak
in tension. Concrete has relatively high compressive
strength, but much lower tensile strength. For this
reason is usually reinforced with materials that are
strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be
damaged by many processes, such as the freezing of
trapped water. Concrete is acknowledged to be a
relatively brittle material when subjected to normal
stresses and impact loads, where tensile strength is
only approximately one tenth of its compressive
strength. As a result for these characteristics, concrete
member could not support such loads and stresses that
usually take place, majority on concrete beams and
slabs. . The introduction of waste glass in cement will
increase the alkali content in the cement. It also helps
in bricks and ceramic manufacture and it preserves raw
materials, decreases energy consumption and volume
of waste sent to landfill. Their recycling ratio is close
to 100%, and it is also used in concrete without
adverse effects in concrete durability. The main
objective of this project is to investigate the
development of Concrete Strength using glass powder
as a partial replacement forcement and granite powder
for fine aggregate. In trial mixes fine aggregate is
replaced 25% of its weight by Granite powder. And

Baboo rai et al (2011)[2]usedmarble powder and its

granules as partial replacement for the fine aggregate.
By using these materials cement mortar and concrete
were prepared. After that the relative workability test,
compressive strength test and flexural strength test
were conducted. From that test results, they conclude
that when the percentage of marble powder added in
concrete increases, the compressive strength and
flexural strength of concrete is also increase.
Belachia.M et al (2011)[3]used the recycled aggregates
in the making of hydraulic concrete. Properties like
density, workability, compressive strength and flexural
strength of the hydraulic concrete was found and
compared with the properties of conventional concrete.
The optimum percentage of recycled aggregate found
from the comparative study was 25% for the ultimate
strength and 50% for the ultimate density.
Goliya.H.S et al (2008) [4]researched based on the
finding out the suitable alternative of concrete
ingredients such as cement is replaced by fly ash, stone
dust, ground granulated blast-furnace slag etc. and
sand is replaced by stone dust, fly ash etc. Since in this
study an attempt is made to find out the strength
properties; compressive strength and flexural strength
of concrete by partial replacement of both cement &

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 98

Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

sand in which cement is replaced by glass powder as a

pozzolana and sand by pond ash in concrete.

Table 2.1 Chemical Compositions

Chemical
Composition

LeemaRose.A et al (2011)[5] showed thatGlass powder

is obtained as a waste material after the extraction and
processing of glass to form fine particles less than
4.75mm.Glass powder has been used in large scale in
highways as a surface finishing material and also used
in the manufacture of hollow blocks and light weight
concrete prefabricated elements.

Glass
powder(%)

SiO2

72.04

67.33

Al2O3

14.42

2.64

K 2O

4.12

Na2O

3.69

CaO

1.82

12.45

Fe2O3
MgO

1.22
0.71

1.42
2.73

2.3 REINFORCEMENT BARS

Fe415 reinforcement bars of diameter 8mm, 12mm and
Fe250 bars of diameter 6mm were purchased for the
required length.
Table 2.2Reinforcement Details forRCC Beams
Reinforcement Bars
Beams
Top

2. MATERIAL DISCRIPTION
2.1 Glass powder
The issue of recycled glass is quite complicated from a
chemistry point of view. Years ago, the reinforcement
fiberglass manufacturers saw a large market potential
in using glass reinforcements as reinforcing fiber in
concrete. Early tests soon indicated that normal
chemistry reinforcement fiberglass almost totally
dissolved in the concrete environment, as the extremely
low alkali content of the fiber glass, about 1%, caused
it to be highly susceptible to alkalis in concrete
environments. The fiberglass manufacturers were able
to address the problem by adding 16% zirconia to the
glass chemistry to make it alkali resistant (so called AR
glass).

Under
Reinforced
Balanced
Section

Bottom

Stirrups

2 # 8 mm 3 # 8 mm Dia
Dia
2 # 8 mm 2 # 12 mm Dia
Dia
+ 1 # 8 mm
Dia

6 mm @ 100
mm c/c
6 mm @ 100
mm c/c

3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
3.1 Mix Design
The common method of expressing the proportions of
ingredients of a concrete mix is in the terms of parts or
ratios of cement, fine and coarse aggregates. The
proportions are either by volume or by mass. The
water-cement ratio is usually expressed in mass.
Table 3.1 Mix Proportions

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Coarse
Aggregate
Kg/m3

M20

Fine
Aggregate
Kg/m3

Cement
Kg/m3

Grades of
Concrete

Granite powder can be used as filler as it helps to

reduce the total voids content in concrete. Granite
powder and quarry rock dust improve pozzolanic
reaction. The quarry rock dust and granite powder can
be used as 100% substitutes for natural sand in
concrete. The compressive, split tensile and durability
studies of concrete made of quarry rock dust nearly
more than the conventional concrete. The concrete
resistance to sulphate attack will enhance greatly.
The combination of pozzloanic and filler action leads
to increase in compressive and split tensile strengths,
reduction in bleeding and segregation of fresh
concrete, reduction in permeability, reduction in alkali
silica reaction, reduction in sulphate attack, chemical
attack and corrosion attack, leading to increased
durability and reduction in heat of hydration.

S.No

2.2 Granite powder

Water Kg/m3

Monica et al (2013)[6] used various alternate materials

like marble powder, quarry dust, wood ash and paper
pulp in concrete as replacement of cement in making
of concrete. In this paper they concluded that, by using
these materials in concrete, nearly about 14% to 20%
of cement was saved. Chemical properties of concrete
like sulphate attack resistance and alkali aggregate
resistance was increased while using these materials.
By using these waste materials in concrete, the
problems in disposal of these materials on lands get
reduced and the environmental pollution was
prevented.

Granite
powder (%)

369

646

1117

203

1.55

3.03

0.55

440

629

1088

198

1.43

2.47

0.45

480

623

1077

192

M30

M40
1

1.30

2.25

0.4

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 99

Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

3.2 Compressive Strength Test

B

= measured width of specimen

inmm
= measured depth in mm of the
specimen at the point of
failure.
= distance of the crack from the
nearer support in mm
= maximum load in N applied to
the specimen.

a
P

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Following tables and figures are showing the results of
the various tests.
Table 4.1 Compressive strength

M2
0

16.87

19.49

20% + 25%

17.87

18.19

21.03

Conventional

23.32

25.33

29.24

20% + 25%

26.80

27.29

31.55

Conventional

31.10

33.77

38.98

20% + 25%

35.74

36.39

42.06

40

The flexural strength when a < 133 mm for 100 mm

specimen,
ffb = 3Pa / bD2
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30

M20 Conventional

20

M20 GLP+GRP

10

M30 Conventional

M30 GLP+GRP
M40 Conventional

7th 14th 28th

day day day

M40 GLP+GRP

Curing period

Fig 4.1 Compressive strength

M
30

M
20

Grades

Table 4.2 Split tensile strength

M
40

The flexural strength when a >133 mm for 100 mm

specimen,
ffb=
Pa / bD2

28
Days

15.55

3.4 Flexural Strength Test

Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture,
bending strength or fracture strength a mechanical
parameter for brittle material, is defined as a material's
ability to resist deformation under load. The transverse
bending test is most frequently employed, in which a
specimen having either a circular or rectangular crosssection is bent until fracture or yielding using a three
point flexural test technique. The flexural strength
represents the highest stress experienced within the
material at terms of stress, here given the symbol
calculated using the following formula:

14
Days

M30

A direct measurement of ensuring tensile strength of

concrete is difficult. One of the indirect tension test
methods is split tension test. The split tensile strength
test was carried out on the universal testing machine.
The casting and testing of the specimens were done as
per IS 5816: 1999. The split tensile strength of the
cylinder specimen is calculated using the following
formula:
Split Tensile Strength, fsp =2P / LD N/mm2
Where,
P = Load at failure in N
L = Length of the Specimen in
mm
D = Diameter of the Specimen in
mm

7 Days

Conventional

Compressive strength in
N/mm2

3.3 Split Tensile Strength

Compressive strength
(N/mm2)

M4
0

Grades

Compressive Strength, fc = P/A N/mm2.

Where,
P = Load at failure in N
A = Area subjected to compression
inmm2.

Where,

Percentag
e of GLP
+ GRP
Replace
ment

The tests were carried out on 150x150x150mm size

cube, as per IS: 516-1959. The test specimens were
removed from the moulds and unless required for test
within 24 hours, immediately submerged in clean fresh
water and kept there until taken out just prior to test. A
3000 KN capacity Standard Compression Testing
machine is used to conduct the test. The specimen was
placed between the steel plates of the compressiontesting machine. The load is applied and the failure
load in KN is observed from the dial gauge of the
Compression Testing machine. The compression test
on cubes was conducted according to Indian Standard
specifications. The compressive strength of the cube
specimen is calculated using the following formula:

Percentage of
GLP + GRP
Replacement

Conventional
20% + 25%
Conventional
20% + 25%
Conventional
20% + 25%

Split tensile strength

(N/mm2)
7 Days
1.92
2.28
2.88
3.42
3.84
4.56

14
Days

28
Days

2.16
2.57
3.24
3.86
4.32
5.14

2.94
3.50
4.56
5.12
5.88
6.99

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 100

Volume 4 Issue 4, April 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

Based on the test results it was inferred that at which

percentage replaced with Glass powder and Granite
powder given the better results than the conventional
concrete with respect to 7,14 and 28 days Compressive
strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength.

Fig 4.2 Split tensile strength

M
40

M
30

M
20

Conventional
20% + 25%
Conventional
20% + 25%
Conventional
20% + 25%

3.70
3.97
5.55
5.96
7.40
7.94

Balanced
Section

Percentage of
GLP + GRP
Replacement

Flexural
strength
(N/mm2)
Under
reinforce
d section

Grades

Table 4.3 Flexural strength

4.37
4.63
6.56
6.95
8.74
9.26

REFERENCES
1.

2.

3.

4.

Fig 4.3 Flexural strength

5. CONCLUSION
Experimental investigations were conducted to
determine the Characteristics of Various grades of
concrete such as M20, M30 and M40 by replacing of
cement with Glass Powder (GLP) and fine aggregate
with Granite powder (GRP). Concrete specimens were
casted and tested for determine the Compressive
strength, Split tensile strength and Flexural strength.

Compressive strength increases with respect to the

grade of concrete.
Concrete acquires maximum compressive strength
at 20% Glass powder and 25% Granite powder
replaced for cement and fine aggregate
respectively in all grades of concrete.
Maximum Compressive strength of cube is found
to be 42.06 Mpa for M40 and it is increased by
12% than the conventional concrete.
Maximum split tensile strength of cylinder is
found to be 6.99 Mpa for M40 and it is increased
by 18% than the conventional concrete.
Maximum flexural strength of prism is found to
be 9.26 Mpa for M40 Balanced section and it
increased by 7% than the conventional concrete.
From the above experimental results, it is proved
that Glass powder and Granite powder can be
used as alternative materials in concrete, reducing
cement consumption and reducing the cost of
construction. Use of industrial waste products
saves the environment and conserves natural
resources.

5.

6.

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