....

: , : 2004068
:

2012

.

.

[2]

............................................................................................................. 2

.......................................................................................................... 3

................................................................................................................... 6

................................................................................................................. 7

Io ............................................................................................................ 8
.......................................................................................................................8
1.1 .............................................................................................. 8
1.2 ............................................................................ 9
1.3 ........................................................................................11
1.4 -.................................................................................14
1.5 ................................................................................................17
1.5.1 .......................................................................... 17
1.5.2 ...................................................................................18
1.5.3 ...........................................................................................19
1.5.4 Mission........................................................................................19
1.5.5

San Piero (. Brown Turkey, )................20

1.5.6

Dottato................................................................................... 21

1.5.7

Calimyrna...............................................................................21

[3J

 2o ..........................................................................................................22
.............................................................................. 22
2.1 ............................................................................ 22
2.1.1 ......................................................................................................... 22
2.1.2 ....................................................................................................... 23
2.2 ..................................................................................... 23
2.2.1 .............................................................................. 23
2.2.2 ...................................................................................................... 24
2.2.3 ..................................................................................................... 24
2.2.4 ..................................................................................................... 25
2.3 ............................................................................................ 26
2.3.1 ............................................................ 27
2.3.2 ..................................................................... 27
2.3.3 ............................................................ 28
2.3.4 ........................................................... 28
2.3.5 in vitro................................................ 29
2.4 ..................................................................................................... 29
2.4.1 ................................................................ 30
2.4.2 ................................................................... 30
2.5 ..................................................................................... 31
2.6 ...................................................................... 32
2.6.1 (Ceroplastesrusci, Homoptera,
Coccidae).............................................................................................................32
2.6.2 {Homotoma ficus, Homoptera, Psyllidae) ....................33
2.6.3 (Silba adipata McAlpine, Lonchaeidae)
33
2.6.4 (Ceratitis capitata, Tephritidae) .............................35
2.7 -.........................................................................................36
[4]

2.7.1 ................................................................................................... 36
2.7.2 -............................................................................... 36

3 .......................................................................................................... 37
................................................................................................ 37
3.1 ....................................................................................... 37
3.1.1

..............................................................37

3.2.2 .....................................38
3.2.3

................................................39

3.2.4

.............................................................................................. 41

3.2.5

.......................................................................................... 42

3.2.6

................. 43

4 .......................................................................................................... 45
................................................................................................... 45
4.1 ................................................................................................................ 45
4.2 ....................................................................................................... 46
4.3 ............................................................................... 47
4.3.1

............................................................. 48

4.3.3

..................................................50

4.3.4

............................................58

5 ...........................................................................................................61
....................................................................................................61

.........................................................................................................63

[51

3.000
.
,
.
,
,
, .

, , .
.
.
.
.

.

1908

.

1930-1935

,
,
...,
.
,

.

[6]

(Ficus carica),
,
, .

.

.


.

,


.
,
.

[7]

1.1
,
,
.
.
,
, .
.
.

. ,
,
.

.

,
700 ..

.


[8]

 .
.

.

.
.
1600
.. 7 8 . X.
, (
), ( .. .., 2009).

1.2
, ,
, , , , , ,
. ,
80% .

, ,
,
, , , ,


( 1.1).

10%
100
7% , 17% , 30%
5% ,

[9]

. 6-7

20-35 .
,
100
17% .
1.1: 100gr

55-60 g

163

4g

91,5

138

08
6,7 6

0 mg

0,073

186 ^

0,072 *

4,2

217

80 ..

: http://www.sykiki.gr

.
.

.

,
( , 6
)
. ,
.

[10]

1.3
Moraceae, Ficus,
Eusyce Ficus carica L ( 1.1). 60
2.000 , , .

() .
2 5 50
60 . :

- .

1.1:

Ficus

carica

L.

(:

http://www.veriliincontri.eom/piante/F/Ficus carica.htm).

, , , ,
( 1.2).
.

.
. 3, 4, 5
.



.
( 1996, Andersen and Crocker, 2009).

1.2:
(: !://\\\. istockphoto.com).
( 1.3).
()
.
, , .

, , .

[12]

1.3:

littp://www. passiflora.it)

(:
(:

https.V/toptropicals. com).
,

.
, .

(). ,

.
.

(, 2010).

-
2-3
.
.
[13]

- ,

.
Dottato Kadota .. Mission
.

,
.
.

1.4 -

.
,
, ( 1.4).

. .
,

.
.
.

(, 1996).

[14]

1mm

1.4: To Blastophaga psenes,

(: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/index.html).

.
.
( 1.5).

1.5:

,
.
[15]



() .
,
.
.

.
,
.
.

, (,
1996, , 2010).

,
, ,
,
,
, ( ).
2 3 5 6
. Simmons and Fisher (1947),
Calimyrna,
3,3 .

,
, .
20 4
5 , 2 3 , .

[16]

1.5
:
1.

Calimyrna (Smyrna).

.

2.

.
.

3.

San

Pedro.

.

, Calimyrna.

, ,
, .

,
.
Calimyrna, Dottato, Brown Turkey .

1.5.1
.
.
. ( 1.6)
.
.

[17]

 1.6: (:
://\\\. -. /.).

1.5.2
, .

. ( 1.7)
.
.

1.7: (: el-gr.facebook.com).

[18]

1.5.3

.
. .
.
( 1.8).

1.8:

(:

http.V/koumiotis-

andron.blosspot.coni/2010/07/blos-post 9213.html).

1.5.4 Mission
.

.
.
( 1.9).

[19]

1.9:

Mission

(:

http://www.imarchinifanns.com/products/fiss.html).

1.5.5 San Piero (. Brown Turkey, )

-
.
. ( 1.10)
.
(, 1996).

1.10:

http://www. ravsfisinfo. com/id-dark. html ).

[20]

San

Piero

(:

1.5.6 Dottato
.

.
.
, , .
( 1.11).

1.11:

Dottato

(:

http://fontms.sardenweb.com/foriims/load/fis/inss071625105502.html).

1.5.7 ^
.
,
. .
.
.

[21]

2.1

2.1.1

.

15 .
0
-10
,
30 . 40
.

.



( 2010, , 1996).

[22]

2.1.2

, ,
.
, .
6 8 .

( 2010, , 1996).

2.2

2.2.1


.
.
,
.

2 3
.


.

.

[23]

 , , 6
10 . ,
(, 2010).

2.2.2

,
,
. , ,
.

,
.

,
. 400ppm
(Condit 1927, , 1996).

2.2.3

. ,
,
, .
(1300 - 1500 )

(4% 0,5 % ).
.

[24]


-
,
.
.
30 60 .
50
1 1,5 20 .
,

.
60 25
(, 2010).

,
,
.


.

, ,
, ,

.

2.2.4

.
[25]


4 - 5
.
.

2 3
.
,
,
.

.

.

, ,
().

.
,

. '
( 2010, , 1996).

2.3

, ( ),
(, , ), in vitro.

[26]

2.3.1

.
, ..
.

,
.
.

. 30 40
. ,

.
-

.

,
,
( & , 2010).

2.3.2

.

.
[271

 2
.
.
,
(, 1996).

2.3.3


.
,
- ,

50 .

2.3.4

25 30 .

.

.

[28]

2.3.5 in vitro
in vitro
(,
)

.


.

,
,

.

2.4


,

.

[29]

2.4.1

.

.
,

.

.
.
.

. ,
.

2.4.2


.
.
30
50 ,
.
.
3 - 5 .

3 4 .

[301

 .
2 3
.

,
(, 2010).

2.5

.
,

.


,
,
.

() ,

. ,
,
,
,
.

[31]

2.6
,
, .

2.6.1 (5 $, ,
)
3 5 ,

, 1 1,2

. 1000 1500
.

2.1: <,
(: http://www.sardensuide.sr/articles/exthroi-asthenies/103kiropIastis.html).

,
, .
,

[32]

Eublemma scitula Ramb Scutellista cyanea Mtsch.

(malathion,

diazinon)

(carbaryl, methomyl)
(, 2009).

2.6.2 [Homotoma ficus, Homoptera, Psyllidae)

3 5mm .
, .
, , .
.

.
.
' .

. .

(, 2010).

2.6.3 (Silba adipata McAlpine,

Lonchaeidae)
3 4mm .
.
. 4 6
, ,
. ,
[331


( )
.

.
.
.


.

2.2: Silba adipata,

.


. ((,
)

(, 2007).

[341

2.6.4 (Ceratitis capitata, Tephritidae)

4 6 mm ,
. ,
- .

. 3 7

.
1 6 , .

.

2.3: Ceratitis capitata, (:

http://www.forestrvima8es.oni/imaves/768x512/I317085.ips).

,
, ,
(, 2010).

[35]

2.7 -

2.7.1

.

.
.
( ,
).

2.7.2 -

,
, , .
,
, , ,
.

.

0 90%
(, 1996).

[36]

3.1

3.1.1

.
.

.
:

, .

:
-
,
.
,
.
1-2

.

[371

.

.
.

. 3 4
. ,

, ,

.

,
1-1,5 .

3.2.2

.

.
.
. ,

.


.

[38]

,
.
0

. 0 - 1,7

85 - 90%.

3.2.3

,
.

,
.
,
.

,
70 ( 3.1).

[39]

 3.1: .
,
5-7 , .

, ( 3.2).
(45-55 ./ ),
() . ,

( ).

3.2:

[40]

3.2.4

( 3.3.) .
,
.
500gr
.

,
.

.
(SOa),
, 80%
7 10 .
.
50 ppm.

3.3:

[41J


, .

( 3.4)
. ,

( ).

.

3.4:

3.2.5

,
.

.

[42]

3.2.6

>

. 20
( 3.5). , ,

,
(.. ). ,
( ).

3.5:
.

>

,
,
.
.
160-180 .

[43]


( ).

>

, 60 70 1-3 .


( 3.6).

3.6: .

>

.
, 20-30
2-3 ,
,
. ,
,

.

[44]

4.1

. . 1953
1997
.
3.700
, .

,
.


, ( 4.1)
(http://www.sykiki.gr).

,
, ,
, .
(FAO), 2005

, , ,
.
[45]

 4.1: /

4000

150-300

1.700-2000

4.2
: http://www.sykiki.gr/


.
.
.

.

, :
^

, ,

,
, ... , ,
, , .

,
,

, , , , ,
( , 2003).

[46]

1.

.

.

2.

.
. ,
,

.
, ,
,
.

3.

.
,
.

4.

.


.

4.3

(
) (cultivars) ficus
carica domestica L.

[47]

4.3.1
.
()
:

I.

.
:

64

II.

.
:

74

III.

.
:

,
[48]

94
.

IV.

.

24 %.

.
I.

15 % '
, , 5 %,
' , ,

1 % ' .

II.

25 % '
, , 12 %,
' , ,

4 % ' .

[49]

I I I .

35 % '
, , 20
%, ' , ,

6 % ' .

IV.

50 % '
, .

4.3.3
.

:

I.

A (Grade Extra Faocy)

.
:

62
.

[50]

IL

B (G rade C hoice)

.
:

72
.

III.

(Grade C Commercial Current)

.
:

80
.

IV.

(Grade D Standard)

.
:

94
.

[51]

24 %. ,
,
.

.
I.

10 % '
, , 4 %,
' , .

II.

15 % '
, , 6 %,
' , .

III.

20 % '
, , 10
%, ' , ,

2 % ' .

IV.

25 % '
, , 12
%, ' , ,

4 % ' .
[52]

4.2:

16
14
14
12,5
12,5
10,5
10,5
8

10

15

20

25
: ://-1. .

.
,
, , .

, 5 10 ,
,
, ,
(
250gr, 500gr, 1000gr
5 10 ).

[53]

 4.1:
( !:// . . :''./).

4.2: (
http://www.sykiki.sr/).

[54]

 4.3: ()
() ( ]://\\\.//. >/).

. ,
, , .
.

.

, .
25
.
, .
, ,
. .

.

:

[55]

>

. /
.

>

. .

>

. , ,
, .

>

. , ,
, .

>

().

4.4:
( 11://\.,\kiki. /).

.
:

i)

String Figs: ,

ii) Layer: ,
,

[56]

iii) Protoben, Lrida Round,

:
( 4.5),
iv) Loose: ,
)

Loose in bags: , ,

vi) Loose in cartons: , .

4.5:
( http://www.svkiki.gr/).

[57]

4.6: , ( ://\\.3<. gr/)

4.7:

://\\\. . /).

4.3.4

.


.

[58]

I. A Finest

. ,
, 10%, ' ,
, 5%, ' ,
.

, ,
,
22 %.

100
:

13 ,

50 ,

50 ,

II. Choice

. ,
, 20%, ' ,
, 10%, ' ,
.

[59]

 , ,
,
22 %.

100
:

20 ,

70 ,

60 ,

.

. ,
. ,
. I
40
.

4.8: ( http://www.syk.iki

[601

. ,
. ,

, .

. 1908

. 100.000

. 1930 - 1935

.
6 .

, .
,
.
( 4000).

.

, (
). , ,

[611

, , ,
.

,

,
. , 3700


. ,
,
, .

[62]

1.

., (2010), " ",

, ISBN: 960-7013-27-1

2.

.. & . (2010), ,
- , 1/2010, ,

3.

., X. (2003), ", ,
,

4.

(2009), ,
Garden

Guide,

18,

online:

http://www.gardenguide.gr/articles/exthroi-asthenies/103-kiroplastis.html

5.

. (2007),
, ,

6.

. (1996), , ,
, , ,

7.

(2009), ,
, 2010

8.

.., ., . & . (2009),

: , , ,
- , 9/2009, ,

9.

, http://www.sykiki.gr/

10.

() . 1709/84 19 1984


http://eur-lex.europa.eu

[631

11.

() . 1573/1999 , 19 1999,
() . 2201/96

http://eur-lex.europa.eu

12.

Andersen C. Peter and Crocker E. Timothy (2009), The Fig, University of

Florida, INFAS Extension

13.

Condit. I (1927), The Kadota fig, Bulletin 436, University of California,

Printing office, Berkley, California, USA

14.

http://www.verdiineontri.eom/piante/F/Ficus carica.htm

15.

http://www.istockphoto.com

16.

http://www.passiflora.it

17.

https://toptropicals.com

18.

http://www.nhm.ac.uk/index.html

19.

http://www.to-perivolaki.gr/fruits.php

20.

http://koumiotis-andron.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post 92 13.htm

21.

http://www.imarchinifarms.com/products/Figs.html

22.

http://www.ravsfiginfo.com/id-dark.html

23.

http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/fig/msg071625105502.html

24.

http://www.gardenguide.gr/articles/exthroi-asthenies/103-kiroplastis.html

25.

http://www.forestryimages.org/images/768x512/1317085. jpg

[64]