Exercise 7.

2 (Solutions)

MathCity.org

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12

Merging man and maths

Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 2.3

Question # 1
Given A(2, 5) , B ( 1,1) and C (2, 6)



AB = ( 1 2)i + (1 5) j = 3i 4 j

(i)

AB = 3i 4 j



Also CB = (2 + 1)i + ( 6 1) j = 3i 7 j
Now





) (

2 AB CB = 2 3i 4 j 3i 7 j

29

2
3
4
i+
j+
k
29
29
29
Hence direction cosines of v are
2

29

29

29

(ii) Do yourself as above.

= 9i j

(iii)

Do yourself as (i)

Question # 4
Since
i + ( + 1) j + 2k = 3

Do yourself as above

Question # 2
(i) u = i + 2 j k

+ ( + 1) + ( 2 ) = 3

+ + 2 + 1 + 4 = 3
On squaring both sides
2

v = 3i 2 j + 2k
w = 5i j + 3k

2 + 2 + 5 = 9

u + 2v + w = i + 2 j k + 2 3i 2 j + 2 k
+ 5i j + 3k

(ii)

2i + 3 j + 4k

= 6i 8 j 3i + 7 j

(iii)


(ii) From above

Unit vector of v = v =

2 + 2 + 5 9 = 0
2

2 + 2 4 = 0
2

= i + 2 j k + 6i 4 j + 4k + 5i j + 3k

+ 2 = 0

= 12i 3 j 6k

+ 2 2 = 0

2
2

( + 2 ) 1( + 2 ) = 0

Do yourself

( + 2 )( 1) = 0
+2=0
or
1 = 0
= 2
or
=1

(iii)

3v + w = 3 3i 2 j + 2k + 5i j + 3k
= 9i 6 j + 6k + 5i j + 3k

Question # 5
Given v = i + 2 j k

= 14i 7 j + 9k
Now

3v + w =

(14) + ( 7) + (9)

= 196 + 49 + 81 =

v =

326

v =

(2) + (3) + (4)

4 + 9 + 16 =

= 1+ 4 +1 =

v =

v
v

(1) + (2) + ( 1)

Now

Question # 3
(i)
v = 2i + 3 j + 4k

i + 2 j k
6

29

1
2
1
i+
j
k
6
6
6

FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 2

Question # 6

Question # 8
Given u = 2i + 3 j + 4k

a = 3i j 4k

Given

b = 2i 4 j 3k

v = i + 3 j k

c = i + 2 j k

w = i + 6 j + zk

Suppose that
d = 3a 2 b + 4 c
d = 3 3i j 4k

Since u , v and w are sides of triangle therefore

u+v =w
2i + 3 j + 4k i + 3 j k = i + 6 j + zk

(
)
2 ( 2i 4 j 3k )
+4 ( i + 2 j k )

i + 6 j + 3k = i + 6 j + zk

= 9i 3 j 12k + 4i + 8 j + 6k + 4i + 8 j 4k

Equating coefficient of k only, we have

3 = z i.e. z = 3

= 17i + 13 j 10k
Now

Question # 9

(17 )

d =

+ ( 13) + ( 10 )

289 + 169 + 100 =

558 = 3 62

Now

d =

p.v. of point D = i 2 j + k

3 62



17
13
10
i+
j
k.
3 62
3 62
3 62

Consider a = 2i 3 j + 6k

=
a
a

(2) + ( 3) + (6)

4 + 9 + 36 =

49 = 7

2i 3 j + 6 k
7

2
3
6
= i j + k
7
7
7
Let b be a vector having magnitude 4
i.e. b = 4
Since b is parallel to a
2
3
6
b = a = i j + k
7
7
7
6
2 3
b = b b = 4 i j + k
7
7 7
8
12 24
= i
j+
k
7
7
7

therefore
Now

(ii)



= 3i 6 j + 3k

Now

a =

AB = p.v. of B p.v. of A
= 3i + j 2i + j k = i + 2 j k
CD = p.v. of D p.v. of C
= i 2 j + k 2i 4 j + 2k

Question # 7

a =

p.v of point B = 3i + j
p.v. of point C = 2i + 4 j 2k

17i + 13 j 10 k

Position vector (p.v) of point A = 2i j + k

Do yourself.



= 3 i + 2 j k = 3AB











i.e. CD = AB where = 3
Hence AB and CD are parallel.

Question # 10 (i)
v = 2i 4 j + 4k

v =

( 2)

+ ( 4 ) + ( 4 )

4 + 16 + 16 = 36 = 6
2i 4 j + 4 k
v

Now v =
=
v
6
=

1
2
2
= i j + k
3
3
3
The two vectors of length 2 and parallel to v are
2 v and 2 v .

FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 3

1 2
2 v = 2 i
3 3
1
2 v = 2 i
3

j + 2 k = 2 i 4 j + 4 k
3 3
3
3
2 2
2
4
4
j + k = i + j k
3
3
3
3
3

Question # 10 (ii)
Given v = i 3 j + 4k , w = ai + 9 j 12k
Since v and w are parallel therefore there exists
 such that
v =w
i 3 j + 4k = ai + 9 j 12k

i 3 j + 4k = a i + 9 j 12 k
Comparing coefficients of i , j and k

1 = a .............(i )
3 = 9 .............(ii )
4 = 12 .............(iii )
3

From (ii ) =

9
Putting in equation (i )

1
3

1
1 = a 3 = a i.e. a = 3
3
Question # 10 (c)
Consider v = i 2 j + 3k
2

v =

(1) + ( 2) + (3)

v and w are parallel

there exists  such that
v = w
3i j + 4k = a i + b j 2k

Comparing coefficients of i , j and k

3 = a .............(i )
1 = b .............(ii )
4 = 2 .............(iii )
From equation (iii )
4

= = 2
2
Putting value of in equation (i )

3 = a ( 2)

a=

2
Putting value of in equation (ii )

b=

1
2

Question # 11 (i)
v = 3i j + 2k
= (3) 2 + (1)2 + (2)2
= 9 +1+ 4 =

14

1
2
3
=
i
j+
k
14
14
14
Let a be a vector having magnitude 5 i.e.

14

Let v be unit vector along v . Then

3i j + 2k
v
v = =
14
v
3
1
2
i
j+
k
14
14
14
1
2
3
v =
,
,
14
14 14
Hence the direction cosines of v are
=

but opposite in

j 3 k
14
j 3 k

14
14

3i j + 4k = a i + b j 2 k

i 2 j + 3k

a =5
Since a is parallel to v
direction,
therefore
1
2
a = v =
i+
14
14
Now
1
a = a a = 5
i+
14

w = a i + b j 2k

Now
v

Question # 10 (d)
Suppose that v = 3i j + 4k and

1 = b ( 2)

= 1 + 4 + 9 = 14

v =

5 10 15
i+
j
k.
14
14
14

3
14

1
14

2
14

FSc-II / Ex- 7.2 - 4

Question # 11 (ii)
v = 6i 2 j + k

1 1 1
5
+ +
=
R.H.S
2 2 4
4
Therefore given angles are not direction angles.
=

= (6)2 + (2)2 + (1) 2

Let v be unit vector along v . Then

6i 2 j + k
v
v =
=
41
v

Question # 12(ii)
30 , 45 , 60 will be direction angles of the vectors
if
cos 2 30 + cos 2 45 + cos 2 60 = 1
L.H.S = cos 2 30 + cos 2 45 + cos 2 60

6
2
1
i
j+
k
41
41
41
6 2 1
v =
41 , 41 , 41
Hence the direction cosines of v are

3 1 2 1 2
=
+
+
2 2 2
3 1 1
3
= + +
=
R.H.S
4 2 4
2
Therefore given angles are not direction angles.

= 36 + 4 + 1 =

41

41

41

41

Question # 11 (iii)
P = ( 2,1,5) , Q = (1,3,1)



PQ = (1 2 ) i + ( 3 1) j + (1 5 ) k
= i + 2 j 4 k




PQ = (1)2 + (2)2 + (4) 2
= 1 + 4 + 16 =

21


Let v be unit vector along PQ . Then



i + 2 j 4k
PQ
v =

 =
21

PQ
1
2
i+
21
21
1 2
v =
21 , 21 ,
=

21

j 4 k
21
4
21

21



1 1 1
=
+ +
2 2 2
1 1 1
= + +
= 1 = R.H.S
2 4 4
Therefore given angles are direction angles.

Error Analyst

Muhammad Tayyab Riaz (2009-10)

Pakistan International School Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
Awais (2009-10)
Punjab College, Lahore.
Salman Ali (2009-2010)
Superior College Multan.

Become an Error analyst, submit errors at

http://www.mathcity.org/errors

21

Question # 12(i)
45 , 45 , 60 will be direction angles of the vectors
if
cos 2 45 + cos 2 45 + cos 2 60 = 1
L.H.S = cos 2 45 + cos 2 45 + cos 2 60
2

Question # 12 (iii)
30 , 60 , 60 will be direction angles of the vectors
if
cos 2 45 + cos 2 60 + cos 2 60 = 1
L.H.S = cos 2 45 + cos 2 60 + cos 2 60

Saqib Aleem
Punjab College of Sciences

Hence the direction cosines of PQ are

1

1 1 1
=
+
+
2 2 2

Book: Exercise 7.2

Calculus and Analytic Geometry
Mathematic 12
Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore.
Edition: August 2003.
Made by: Atiq ur Rehman (atiq@mathcity.org)
Available online at http://www.MathCity.org in
PDF Format (Picture format to view online).
Page Setup used: A4
Updated: December 06, 2015.