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Exercise 3.8 (Solutions)

Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.1.10

x2
+ ln c
2
= x 2 + ln c

Question # 1(i)
dy
x
= 1+ y
dx

ln y = 2

x dy = (1 + y ) dx

= x 2 ln e + ln c

dy
dx
=
1+ y x

= ln e x + ln c

Integrating both sides

dy
dx
1+ y = x
ln (1 + y ) = ln x + ln c

ln y = ln ce x
y = ce x

= ln cx
1 + y = cx
y = cx 1
Proved
Question # 1(ii)
dy
x 2 ( 2 y + 1) 1 = 0
dx
dy
x 2 ( 2 y + 1) = 1 x 2 ( 2 y + 1) dy = dx
dx
1
( 2 y + 1) dy = 2 dx
x
On integrating
1
( 2 y + 1) dy = x 2 dx
2 ydy + dy = x 2 dx
y2
x 2+1
+y=
+c
2
2 + 1
x 1
2
y +y=
+c
1
1
y2 + y = c
Proved
x
2

y2
e2 x c
= x+
+
2
2 2
y 2 = 2 x + e2 x + c

Proved

Question # 1(v)
dy
y2 +1
dy
=
2
= e x dx
x

dx
e
y +1
Integrating both sides
dy
2
= e x dx
y +1
Tan 1 y = e x + c

y = Tan e x + c

Question # 2
dy
dy
= y

= dx
dx
y
On integrating
dy
y = dx
ln y = x + ln c
= ln e x + ln c
ln y = ln ce x

Question # 1(iii)
dy
y e2 x = 1
dx
dy
y
= 1 + e2 x ydy = 1 + e 2 x dx
dx
On integrating
2x
ydy = 1 + e dx

= x ln e + ln c

y 2 = 2 x + e2 x + c

Question # 1(iv)
1 dy
2y = 0
x dx
1 dy
dy

= 2y
= 2 xy
x dx
dx
dy

= 2 xdx
y
On integrating
dy
y = 2 xdx

Q ln e = 1

Q ln e = 1

y = ce x

Question # 3
ydx + xdy = 0 ydx = xdy
dy
dx

=
x
y
On integrating
ln x = ln y + ln c
c
ln x = ln
y
c
x =
xy = c
y
Question # 4
Do yourself
Question # 5
dy
y
dy
= 2

= x 2 dx
dx
y
x
Integrating
dy
2
y = x dx
x 2 +1
x 1
+ ln c ln y =
+ ln c
2 + 1
1
1
ln y = + ln c
x
ln y =

FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 2

Question # 9

1
ln y = ln e + ln c
x
=

ln e x

ln y = ln ce

Do yourself

+ ln c
1
x

Question # 10

y = ce

Question # 6
dy
= 1
dx
dx
sin y dy =
sin y dy = sin x dx
cosec x
Integrating
sin y dy = sin x dx
cos y = cos x c
cos y = cos x + c
sin y cosec y

Question # 7
xdy + y ( x 1) dx = 0
xdy = y ( x 1) dx

dy
x 1
dx
=
y
x

dy
x 1
= dx
y
x x

dy
1
= 1 dx
y
x
On integrating
dy
1
y = 1 x dx
ln y = x ln x + ln c
= x ln e ln x + ln c

= ln e x ln x + ln c
ln y = ln cxe x

y = cxe x

Question # 8
x2 + 1
x dy
=
y +1
y dx
y +1
x2 + 1
dx =
dy
x
y
On integrating
y +1
x2 +1
x dx = y dy
x2 1
y 1
x + x dx = y + y dy
1
1

x + dx = 1 + dy
x
y

1
1
x dx + dx = dy + dy
x
y

x2
+ ln x = y + ln y ln c
2
x2

ln e + ln x + ln c = y ln e + ln y
2

x2
ln cxe 2

x2
cxe 2

+ ln x + ln c = ln e y + ln y
= ln ye y

= ye

Question # 11
dy 2 xy
+
= x
dx 2 y + 1
dy
2 xy

= x
dx
2y +1
2y

= x 1
y + 1
2

2 y +1 2 y
= x

2 y +1
dy
1

= x
( 2 y + 1) dy = x dx
dx
2 y +1
Now do yourself
Question # 12
dy
x 2 yx 2
+ y 2 + xy 2 = 0
dx
dy
x 2 yx 2
= y 2 xy 2
dx
dy
x 2 (1 y )
= y 2 (1 + x )
dx
1 y
1+ x
dy = 2 dx

2
y
x
Now do yourself

(
(

)
)

Question # 13
sec 2 x tan y dx + sec 2 y tan x dy = 0
sec 2 x tan y dx = sec 2 y tan x dy
sec 2 y
sec 2 x
dx =
dy
tan x
tan y
On integrating
sec 2 y
sec2 x
dx
=

tan x
tan y dy
d
d
( tan y )
tan x )
(
dy
dx

dx =
dy
tan x
tan y
ln tan x = ln tan y + ln c
ln tan x + ln tan y = ln c
ln ( tan x tan y ) = ln c
tan x tan y = c

x2
ln e 2

Do yourself

1
x

i.e. ye

x2
cxe 2

Question # 14
dy

2 dy
y x dx = 2 y + dx

dy
dy
yx
= 2 y2 + 2
dx
dx
dy
dy
y 2 y2 = 2 + x
dx
dx
dy
y (1 2 y ) = ( 2 + x )
dx
dx
dy

=
2+ x
y (1 2 y )

FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 3

On integrating
dx
dy
2 + x = y (1 2y ) .. (i)
Now consider
1
A
B
= +
y 1 2 y
y (1 2 y )

Review
o tan x dx = ln sec x = ln cos x

Put y = 0 in (ii)
1 = A (1 2(0) ) + 0 A = 1

Question # 15

o
o
o

1 = A (1 2 y ) + By . (ii)

Put 1 2 y = 0 2 y = 1 y =

So

1
in (ii)
2

=
=
dx

=
2+ x
ln ( 2 + x )

y + 1 2 y dy
1
2
y dy + 1 2 ydy
2
1
y dy 1 2 y dy
d
(1 2 y )
1
dx
dy

y 1 2 y dy
= ln y ln (1 2 y ) ln c

ln ( 2 + x ) + ln c = ln y ln (1 2 y )
ln c ( 2 + x ) = ln
c (2 + x) =

y
(1 2 y )

y
(1 2 y )

y = c ( 2 + x )(1 2 y )
Alternative ( )
dx
2
1
2 + x = y + 1 2 y dx
1
2
= dy +
dy
y
1 2 y
1
2
= dy
dy
y
2 y 1
d
( 2 y 1)
dx
1
dy

= dy dx
2+ x
y
2 y 1
ln ( 2 + x ) = ln y ln ( 2 y 1) ln c

ln ( 2 + x ) + ln c = ln y ln ( 2 y 1)

ln c ( 2 + x ) = ln
c (2 + x) =
i.e.

y
( 2 y 1)

y
( 2 y 1)

y
= c (2 + x)
( 2 y 1)

= ln sin x = ln csc x
= ln sec x + tan x
= ln csc x cot x

1 + cos x tan y

1
1 = 0+ B B = 2
2
1
1
2
= +
y 1 2y
y (1 2 y )

Using in (i)
dx
2+ x =

cot x dx
sec x dx
csc x dx

dy
= 0
dx

dy
= 1
dx
1
tan y dy =
dx
cos x
tan y dy = sec x dx
On integrating
tan y dy = sec x dx
cos x tan y

ln cos y = ln sec x + tan x ln c

ln cos y = + ln sec x + tan x + ln c
ln cos y = ln c ( sec x + tan x )
cos y = c ( sec x + tan x )

Question # 16
dy
dy

yx
= 3 1 + x
dx
dx

dy
dy
yx
= 3 + 3x
dx
dx
dy
dy
y 3 = 3x + x
dx
dx
dy
= (3x + x )
dx
dy
dy
dx

= 4
y 3 = 4x
dx
x
y 3
Now do yourself
Question # 17
sec x + tan y

dy
= 0
dx

dy
= sec x
dx
tan y dy = sec x dx
Now do yourself as Question # 15
tan y

Question # 18
dy
e x + e x
= e x e x
dx
e x e x
dy = x x dx
e +e
On integrating
e x e x
dy
=

e x + e x dx
d x x
e +e
y = dx x x dx
e +e

y = ln e x + e x + c

FSc-II / Ex- 3.8 - 4

Question # 19
dy
dy
x = xy 2
= x + xy 2
dx
dx
dy
dy

= x dx

= x 1+ y2
dx
1+ y2
dy

= x dx
1 + y2

x2
+c
2
x2

y = Tan + c
2

Tan1 y =

v = 980t + c1 .. (i)
Initially, when t = 0 then v = 2450 cm/sec
2450 = 980 (0) + c1
c1 = 2450
Putting in (i)
v = 980t + 2450

Question # 20
dx
dx
= 2x
= 2dt
dt
x
dx

= 2 dt
x
ln x = 2t + ln c
= ln e 2t + ln c

Question # 23
i) When a body is projected upward its
acceleration is g . (where g = 980 cm/sec2)
dv
i.e. acceleration =
= g ,
dt
where v is velocity of ball.
dv

= 980
dt
dv = 980 dt
On integrating
dv = 980 dt

Q ln e x = x

dx
dt
where x is height of ball.

ii) Since velocity = v =

ln x = ln ce2t
x = ce 2t (i)
When t = 0 then x = 4 , putting in (i)
4 = ce 2(0) 4 = c e0
4 = c (1)
c = 4
Putting in (i)
x = 4e 2t
Question # 21
ds
+ 2 st = 0
dt
ds
ds

= 2 st

= 2t dt
dt
s
On integrating
ds
s = 2 t dt
t2
ln s = 2 + ln c
2
2
= t + ln c
= ln e t + ln c
2

ln s = ln ce t

Q ln e x = x

s = ce t . (i)
When t = 0 then s = 4e , using in (i)
2
4e = ce (0)
4e = c (1)
c = 4e
Putting in (i)
2
s = 4e e t
2

s = 4e1t

Question # 22
Number of bacteria initially
No. of bacteria after two hours
No. of bacteria after four hours

= 200
= 2(200)
= 400
= 2(400)
= 800 Ans.

dx
= 980 t + 2450
dt
dx = ( 980 t + 2450 ) dt
Integrating
dx = ( 980 t + 2450 ) dt

t2
+ 2450t + c2
2
x = 490 t 2 + 2450t + c2 . (ii)
Initially, when t = 0 then x = 0
0 = 490 (0) + 2450(0) + c2
c2 = 0
Putting value of c2 in (ii)
x = 980

x = 490 t 2 + 2450t + 0

x = 2450t 490 t 2

iii)
Q v = 980t + 2450
When body is at max. height then v = 0
980t + 2450 = 0
2450
980t = 2450 t =
980
t = 2.5 sec
Since x = 2450t 4980t 2
When t = 2.5sec
x = 2450 ( 2.5 ) 490 ( 2.5)
= 6125 3062.5
= 3062.5
Hence ball attains max. height of 3062.5 cm.
2

Error Analyst

1- Usman Khilji FAZMIC Sargodha. 2003-05

2- Adnan Arif FAZMIC Sargodha. 2003-05

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