Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
WW
K K1
K K2
K K3
K K4
K K5
K K6
K K7
K K8
K 100
K73
W
KData Show
KH
K K1
K K2
K K3
K K4
K K5
11
L1
K
KL2
KL3
KL4
KL5
KL6
KL7
KL8
KL9
KL10
KL11
KL12
12
L1
W
K
L2
K
K L3
L4
K
KL5
KL6
.
L7
L8
KL9
L10
K
L 11
K
L 12
K
L 13
K
13
EF
KE1 J2F
R-12K
R-134a
E1 J2F
14
K
J1
EF
K
W
E2 J2F
EF
E2 J2F
15
26
24 22 20
18 16
14
12
10
3.5
1L10{1L12
1/8 1/10, 1/12
1/6 1 /8 , 1/10
1/5, 1/6 ,1/8
1/5
1/3 , 1/4
1/3
1L10{1L12
1/8 1/10, 1/12
1/6 1 /8 , 1/10
1/5, 1/6 ,1/8
1/5
1/3 , 1/4
1/3
700
600
500
400
300
200
150
32
90
43
110
110
E3 J2F
KK312W
E3 J2F K1
32 K2
EF
EFEF
W
K
16
17 16 15
14
13 12
11
10
2.5
hp
1/10, 1/12
1/8
1/8 , 1/10
1/6
1/6 ,1/8
1/5,
1/5
32
90
1/3 , 1/4
1/3
1/10, 1/12
1/8
1/8 , 1/10
1/6
1/6 ,1/8
1/5,
1/5
1/3 , 1/4
1/3
400
300
250
200
150
100
E4 J2F
FW
WE
K1
K
K2
K3
K
17
43
110
W
K
.E52F
(5 -2)
W
E62FW
.
18
E6 J2F
J2
KE7 J2F
E7 J2F
L J3
KE8 J2F
19
( 8 - 2)
EF J4
KE92F
EFE9 J2F
E1 J2F
E20 J10 JF
20
Cm hp
in
115
0.025
1/10"
1
155
0.028
1/8 "
2
125
0.028
1/6"
3
175
0.031
1/5"
4
130
0.031
1/4"
5
190
0.039
1/3"
6
330
0.055
1/2"
7
360
0.070
3/4"
8
330
0.054
1"
9
E1 J2F
J5
K
E102F
( 10 -2)
21
KE11 J2F
K10
60K
K
22
E11 J2F
W J
KE12 J2F
K
23
E12 J2F
W J
F
W
K
24
EFE13 J2F
W
K
25
E14 J2F
E15 J2F
26
W
K
E15 J2F
E16 J2F
27
K
K
E17 J2F
K
K
K
28
E17 J2F
E18 J2F
K
29
E18 J2F
W
K
30
E19 J2F
W
E20 J2F
W
31
KE20 J2F
EFL J
KE20 J2FL
K J
E20 J2F
32
W
K
EF
(liquids)incompressible
relatively incompressible
pV mRT
P= {Pa}
V={ m3}
m ={ kg}
T= {K}
R={J/kg K}
WE2 J2F
33
melting
boiling
condensation
freezing
WE22F
E21 J2F
WE212F
EF
(latent heat)
34
thermometer
KK
WE22 J2F
101.325 kPa
100C
WE222F
E
F
K
Superheating
107C
K 100C 7C
subcooling
95C
5C
K 100C
35
T-sp-h
WEF
KE F
WE232F
36
W p h
W ( p c) K1
K (bar ) (log p)
W (h c) K2
K (kJ / kg )
p-hWE242F
W (kJ / kgK ) ( s c) K3
K (diagonally )
37
(s = c)WE252F
W (T c) K4
K C
WE262F
38
W ( v c ) K5
K l / kg m3 / kg K
K
WE272F
W fraction dryness ( x ) K6
K fraction dryness ( x )
L
x
mv hx h
m h h
39
x W
mv W
m W
E 0 x 1 F
x 0
10% x 0.10 x 1
90% x 0.90
WE282F
(R134a)E29 J2F
40
R134ap-hWE292F
KEp-hFW
WEF
W1
20C E x 0 F (R11)
WK 0 C EF
K K
K K
K
0 C EF 50C
W
(R11) K
WT
p1 0.889 bar
20C
h2 217.26 kJ / kg
41
(1) K
30 J2F ( 2) 0 C
WE
E1F p h WE302F
p1 0.400 bar
W (x )
x h h
x
h h
hx 217.26 kJ / kg
h 390.63 kJ / kg
h 200.00 kJ / kg
217.26 200.00
0.09
390.63 200.00
42
(x = 0.10)
W 50C K
p1 2.379 bar h1 244.61 kJ / kg
x 0.25 (x )
W (x )
W2
( x 1) 20C (R 717)
K100C
K p h K
E2F p h WE312F
K ( 2) (1) E312F
43
W
v2 0.178 m 3 / kg
p 2 10 bar
h2 1680 kJ / kg
W3
WE x 0 F
KEF p1 v1 T1
KEF T2 h2 K
W
h 400 kJ / kg (1) K
KE32 J2F s 1.65 kJ / kgK
E322F
W (1)
v1 0.027 m 3 / kg T1 81C
p1 8 bar
W x 0 K
h2 231 kJ / kg T2 33C
44
EF
EF
(x = 0)
W (p-hF
.(saturation temperatureF
K
KE x F
K (x = 1)
K
45
Condenser
3
Compressor
Expansion
valve
1
4
Evaporator
(flow diagram)WE332F
W
Rankine Cycle.
46
KE34 J2F
pc
2
c
pc
hc
pc
pe
4
RE
h3 h4
wc
h1
h2
(state diagram)WE342F
(S=c)1 2
(x=1)
EF
KKE2 F(1)
W(2)(1)
Wc m ( h2 h1 )
W
Wc {kW }
47
kg / s m
h1 {kJ / kg} (1)
(P=c )EF 2 3
(3)(2)
(3)
W(Qc)
(h2 h3 )
Qc m
Qc {kW }
kg / s m
(h=c)EF 3 4
(4)
3 4 K
K
W
h4 h3
48
(P=c)EF 4 1
4 1
EF
KE1F
WEF
Qe m ( h1 h4 )
Qe {kW }
kg / s W m
h1 {kJ / kg} (1)W h1
1st Law Analysis Key Relation
Component
Process
S 2 S1
compressor
1-2
Qc m (h2 h3 )
p3 p 2
Condenser
2-3
h4 h3
h4 h3
expansion
valve
3-4
Qe m (h1 h4 )
p4 p1
evaporator
4-1
Wc m ( h2 h1 )
49
4
0 x 1
KWE42F
Performance of V.C.C
Refrigeration effect (RE) J
(1)(4)
W
RE h1 h 4 kJ kg
Wc m h kW
W( WcF
Wc m (h2 h1 )
50
KEF(cooling load)(kW)
288000 BTUEF
Qe m (h1 h4 ) kW
Qc m (h2 h3 ) kW
(COP )
COP
Qe
RE h1 h4
Wc
wc
h2 h1
(m )
W (m )
m
Qe
RE
Qe
RE
51
W J
(V ) E m
Qe
RE
(v1 )
3
m
V mv
s
Fv (reciprocating)
F (Vs ) E85%65%
m v
V 1
V
s
52
WE
R134 a
W1
K 30C 20C
W1kg / s K ( x 1)
( qc )
(COP )
( wc )
K2
( RE )
K4
pc
2
c
pc
hc
pe
pc
4
RE
h3 h4
wc
h1
h2
E352F
h 1 385 . 48 kJ / kg
h 2 417 kJ / kg
w c h 2 h 1 417
385 . 48 31 . 52 kJ / kg
W (qc )
53
K1
K3
W (RE )
RE h1 h4 h1 h3 385.48 241.63 143.85kJ / kg
RE
W (COP )
143.85 kJ / kg
W 25 TR
hp kW
K80%
E 1 TR kW F
pc
2
c
pc
hc
pe
pc
4
RE
h3 h4
wc
h1
h2
E362F
P2 P3 1.00 MPa
P4 P1 0.25 MPa,
W 1,2 & 3 P h
54
h3 h4 256 kJ / kg
h2 426 kJ / kg
h1 396 kJ / kg
W ( RE )
Qe 25 3.5
0.625 kg / s W (m )
RE
140
W (Wc )
18.75 kW
18.75
25.13 hp
0.746
v
80 % 0.80
3
v1 80 L / kg 0.080 m / kg (1)
Ep-hF
Vs
m v1
0.625 0.080
0.0625 m3 / s
0.80
(hermetic)
(12)(irreversible)
(isentropic efficiency)
55
2
S
hc
pe
pc
pc
pc
4
RE
h3 h4
wc
h1
E372F
h2
h2
WE s F
s
h2 h1
1
h2 h1
56
KW J
-
K(x=0) (x=1)
W J
EFG
EFG
EFG
EFG
KEF
K J
57
p h E1
W
Temperatur e
Pr essure
bar
m 3 / kg
kJ / kg
kJ / kgK
R11
60
1.85
450
R 22
R 717
R502
0.12
30
1.90
0 .5
R134 a
400
2 .5
W E2
Temperature Pressure
R 22
50
l / kg
l / kg
kJ / kg
kJ / kg
20
R 717
R134 a
2.455
R 22
R 717
bar
17 .346
10
W E3
K R502 R 717 R 22 R12 R11 R134 a
x 0
K ( L) x 1
v h 10bar ( s c)
58
.(R134a)-7C E5
K 32C
K (COP) -
K 30C 24C K J
E c p
59
water
4.18 kJ / kgK F
E1F
W
J
K J
W
K o
K o
K o
KH o
KH o
W
K -
E{{{{F K -
K K -
W
K K -
K K -
K K -
K -
K -
K K 60
W
K1
K1L4
K K2
K K3
K K4
K5L16 K5
K K6
K K7
W
K
61
W
K
E38 J2F
62
LWE2F
W
KLEF
K
K9
K5
K10
W
K1
K6
K2
J12K8
K4
K11
J13
J14
J15
K7
K9
K3
W
K5
K1
K10K6
K2
K11K7 K3
K12 K8
K4
W
K K -
K -
K -
K -
K 63
K -
K K -
K K -
W
KE39 J2F1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
64
E392F
65
E3F
W
K
W
K o
K o
K o
K o
K o
K o
K o
W o
K -
K K K -
W
K K -
K -
K K -
K -
K K -
K K 66
W
KE402F K1
K K2
K K3
K K4
K K5
K K6
K K7
W
KKKK
67
E40 J2F
68
KE4F
W
W
KH o
K o
K o
K o
KH o
W
KR-11 K1
K K2
K K3
K K4
K K5
W
K K -
K K -
K -
E11F K
KR-11 -
K -
K -
K 69
K -
K K -
W
K K1
K K2
K K3
K K4
K K5
KR-11 K6
W
EF J
K
J
K
K K7
K8
K
K K9
K
70
K10
K11
K12
K13
W
K
K
K14
K15
K
71
E5F
W
K
W
K o
K o
K o
K o
W
K -
K K -
K{{H W
K K -
K -
K -
K K -
K K -
K K 72
W
KE41 J2F K1
K K2
K3
K
K K4
K K5
73
E41 J2F
74
E6F
K
W
K o
K o
K o
K o
W
K K -
K -
K -
KH K K -
75
W
K K -
K -
K K -
K K -
K K -
W
KE42 J2F K1
K
K2
K3
76
K4
K5
E42 J2F
77