Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract
Pressure vessels are used for storage, transportation and application of energy and fluids and also for carrying out reaction s
and many other purposes. Openings in tanks and pressure vessels are necessary to carry on normal operations. Openings are
generally made in both vessel shells as well as heads. Unfortunately, these openings also result in penetrations of the pressure
restraining boundaries and are seen as discontinuities. Nozzles represent one of the most common causes for stress
concentration in pressure vessels and stress concentration factors can be very useful in pressure vessel design. Finite Element
Analysis is very efficient method for determination of stress concentration factors; however reliability of Finite Element
Analysis should always be assessed.
In this paper The analysis of variance method is used to serve the relation between nozzle size and stress produce in the nozzle
area. To reduce the errors in the experimental result the randomize sequence method is used. To test the influence of the both
parameters that is opening diameter and internal pressure on each other the randomized test sequencing is generated and
experimental test is conducted to investigate the stress distribution near opening area.
3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
A pressure vessel with the external diameter 305 mm and
wall thickness 3 mm is used for preparing the experimental
model. Four plugged pipes are welded on the vessel to
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
261
305mm
Thickness
3mm
Length of vessel
900mm
Opening/nozzle Diameter
32mm,
80mm
40mm,
65mm,
P1
1
1
1
2
2
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
262
3
3
3
4
4
4
2
4
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
4
2
4
1
3
2
Designs
32 mm
40mm
65mm
70mm
Micro-strain Readings
group
P1
0.000022
0.000021
0.000023
P2
0.000037
0.000036
0.000037
P3
0.00006
0.000061
0.000059
P4
0.000073
0.000074
0.000075
0.000023
0.000021
0.000024
P1
0.000032
0.000029
0.000031
0.000032
0.00003
0.000029
0.000036
0.000035
0.000037
P2
0.000046
0.000045
0.000049
0.000045
0.000044
0.000046
0.000062
0.000063
0.000062
P3
0.000065
0.000066
0.00007
0.00007
0.000068
0.000066
0.000076
0.000074
0.000075
P4
0.000078
0.00008
0.000083
0.000085
0.000082
0.000085
P1
P2
P3
P4
0.000035
0.000036
0.000034
0.000035
0.000036
0.000035
P1
0.000039
0.00004
0.000042
0.000044
0.00004
0.000042
0.000052
0.000055
0.000054
0.000055
0.000055
0.000062
P2
0.000064
0.000065
0.000063
0.000062
0.000064
0.000065
0.000075
0.00008
0.000075
0.000076
0.00008
0.000079
P3
0.00009
0.000085
0.000088
0.000089
0.000087
0.000091
0.000092
0.000094
0.000092
0.000093
0.000091
0.000095
P4
0.0000102
0.0000104
0.0000105
0.0000106
0.0000102
0.0000104
p1
p2
d1
0.000022
0.000021
0.000023
0.000023
0.000021
0.000024
0.000032
0.000029
0.000031
0.000032
0.00003
0.000029
d2
0.000037
0.000036
0.000037
0.000036
0.000035
0.000037
0.000046
0.000045
0.000049
0.000045
0.000044
0.000046
d3
0.00006
0.000061
0.000059
0.000062
0.000063
0.000062
0.000065
0.000066
0.00007
0.00007
0.000068
0.000066
d4
0.000073
0.000074
0.000075
0.000076
0.000074
0.000075
0.000078
0.00008
0.000083
0.000085
0.000082
0.000085
p3
p4
0.000035
0.000052
0.000075
0.000092
0.000036
0.000055
0.00008
0.000094
0.000034
0.000054
0.000075
0.000092
0.000035
0.000055
0.000076
0.000093
0.000036
0.000055
0.00008
0.000091
0.000035
0.000062
0.000079
0.000095
0.000039
0.000064
0.00009
1.02E-05
0.00004
0.000065
0.000085
1.04E-05
0.000042
0.000063
0.000088
1.05E-05
0.000044
0.000062
0.000089
1.06E-05
0.00004
0.000064
0.000087
1.02E-05
0.000042
0.000065
0.000091
1.04E-05
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
263
[2]
Avg. strain vs Opening diameter
120
[3]
100
80
[4]
60
[5]
40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
20
0
32mm
40mm
65mm
80mm
[6]
[7]
4. DISCUSSION
From the graph shown in Fig 4 and the analysis of variance
for it is seen that the F critical value is less than F value. So
from this it is seen that the null hypothesis in which it is
considered that the pressure change has no effect on nozzle
diameter is rejected. The alternating hypothesis is accepted
in which it is considered that the pressure and nozzle
diameter change has interaction and influence on each other.
To assist in interpreting the results of this experiment; it is
helpful to construct a average responses at each treatment
combination. The low strain is attended at the small size
opening at 32mm. changing from 32mm opening to 80mm
the strain reading attended the higher level with increasing
pressure from 0.2Mpa to 0.7Mpa. Strain attended the
minimum level at 0.2Mpa and get higher with increasing
pressure from 0.2 to 0.7Mpa for each opening. From lower
opening size to higher size the strain is increases for 0.6Mpa
and 0.7Mpa and it is lowered for the 0.2Mpa and 0.4Mpa.0.2
Mpa and 0.4Mpa gives the significant results if lower strain
is required.
[8]
BIOGRAPHIES
Avinash Kharat is Assistant Professor at
Bharati Vidyapeeth, Has completed M.E
in CAD/CAM/CAE from Kits college of
Engg., Kolhapur. The topic of his
dissertation is effect of opening pattern on
stress distribution of pressure vessel.
Dr. V. V. Kulkarni completed his PhD in
Mechanical Engineering and presently
working as Principal and Head, at Sanjay
Ghodawat College of Engineering,
Kolhapur. His research interest includes,
Computer Aided Fixture Design, FEA,
and Pressure Vessel Design.
5. CONCLUSIONS
It is observed that sudden change in strain flow lines causes
the strain and stress to rise abruptly. Through gradual change
in gradient of flow lines mitigation of strain is observed. The
rise in the strain reaches to its maximum value. There is
significant interaction between the pressure and strain
readings. The computed strain increases with increasing the
opening size in the geometry.
REFERENCES
[1]
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 07 | Jul-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
264