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  • Principles of Operation - AC VFD Drives - Natural Resources Canada

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    abin k raju
    40 Ansichten5 Seiten
    variable frequency drive

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    Principles of Operation - AC VFD Drives _ Natural Resources Canada

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    variable frequency drive

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    40 Ansichten5 Seiten

    Principles of Operation - AC VFD Drives - Natural Resources Canada

    Hochgeladen von

    abin k raju
    variable frequency drive

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
    Markieren Sie unangemessene Inhalte
    von 5

    9/22/2016

    PrinciplesofOperationACVFDDrives|NaturalResourcesCanada

    NaturalResourcesCanada(//www.nrcan.gc.ca/home)
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    PrinciplesofOperationACVFDDrives

    PrinciplesofOperationACVFDDrives
    a.ACInductionMotors
    AnACinductionmotorisconstructedwitharotorthathaswindingswhichintersecttherotating
    magneticfieldgeneratedbythestatorwindings.
    Atfullloadspeed,therotorturnsslightlyslowerthanthesynchronousspeedofthemotor.Thisis
    becausethemagneticfieldcausescurrentstoflowintherotorwindingsandproducesatorque
    whichturnstherotorsoiftherotorturnsatthesamespeedasthemagneticfield,therewouldbe
    norelativemotionbetweentherotorandthemagneticfield,andnotorquewouldbeproduced.
    Theamountofspeedbywhichtherotorlagstherotatingmagneticfieldisknownastheslipofthe
    motor.Thehighertheslip,themoretorqueisproducedbythemotor.
    Thespeedatwhichthemagneticfieldrotatesdependsonthenumberofpolesorcoilsdistributed
    aroundthestatorandthefrequencyofthesupplycurrent.Thisiscalledthesynchronousspeed.
    SynchronousSpeed=120xFrequency
    Numberofpoles

    TypicalACinductionmotorspeedsare3600,1800,1200,and900RPM.
    Thefollowingdiagramshowsthetorquespeedrelationshipofatypicalinductionmotor.

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    PrinciplesofOperationACVFDDrives|NaturalResourcesCanada

    Figure4:TorquespeedCurveofanInductionMotor.

    Textversion:Figure4

    b.SquirrelCageACInductionMotors
    MostACinductionmotorsaresquirrelcagemotors.
    Therotorwindingsinasquirrelcagemotorarealuminumorcopperalloybarsthatarepositioned
    alongthedirectionoftheshaftandshortcircuitedbyendringsasshowninthefollowingdiagram.

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    PrinciplesofOperationACVFDDrives|NaturalResourcesCanada

    Figure5:Diagramofasquirrelcagerotor

    Theshapeofthebarsandtheresistanceofthealloyusedintheirconstructioninfluencesthe
    torquespeedcharacteristicsofthemotor.

    c.PulseWidthModulatedVariableFrequencyDrives
    Whenoperatedfromaconstantfrequencypowersource(typically60Hz),ACinductionmotorsare
    fixedspeeddevices.
    AvariablefrequencydrivecontrolsthespeedofanACmotorbyvaryingthefrequencysuppliedto
    themotor.
    Thedrivealsoregulatestheoutputvoltageinproportiontotheoutputfrequencytoprovidea
    relativelyconstantratioofvoltagetofrequency(V/Hz),asrequiredbythecharacteristicsoftheAC
    motortoproduceadequatetorque.
    ThefirststepinthisprocessistoconverttheACsupplyvoltageintoDCbytheuseofarectifier.DC
    powercontainsvoltagerippleswhicharesmoothedusingfiltercapacitors.ThissectionoftheVFDis
    oftenreferredtoastheDClink.
    ThisDCvoltageisthenconvertedbackintoAC.Thisconversionistypicallyachievedthroughthe
    useofpowerelectronicdevicessuchasIGBTpowertransistorsusingatechniquecalledPulse
    WidthModulation(PWM).Theoutputvoltageisturnedonandoffatahighfrequency,withthe
    durationofontime,orwidthofthepulse,controlledtoapproximateasinusoidalwaveform.

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    OlderdrivetechnologieslikeCurrentSourceInvertersandVariableVoltageControllersusedSCRs
    orThyristorsascontroldevices.ThesetechnologieshavenowbeenreplacedbythePWMVFD.
    Theentireprocessiscontrolledbyamicroprocessorwhichmonitorsthe:
    incomingvoltagesupply,
    speedsetpoint,
    DClinkvoltage,
    outputvoltageandcurrenttoensureoperationofthemotorwithinestablishedparameters.

    CircuitdiagramforaPulseWidthModulatedVariableFrequencyDrive

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    GraphcomparingvoltagetocurrentforaPulseWidthModulatedVariableFrequencyDrive

    Figure6:BlockdiagramofatypicalPWMVFD

    Inthesimplestdrivesorapplications,thespeedreferenceissimplyasetpointhowever,inmore
    complexapplications,thespeedreferencecomesfromaprocesscontrollersuchasa
    ProgrammableLogicController(PLC)oratachometer.
    Previous(http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/reference/15366)|Tableofcontents
    (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/reference/15362)|Next
    (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/products/reference/15368)

    DateModified:
    20151202

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