Materia: TRABAJO Y TECNOLOGA (TECHNOLOGY)

Curso: 8 grado

Profesor: Antonio Corrales Santos

ELECTRICITY: SIMPLE CIRCUITS

y flotaban por toda la casa sus treinta y siete compaeros de clase,

eternizados en el instante de hacer pip en la maceta de geranios, de
cantar el himno de la escuela con la letra cambiada por versos de burla
contra el rector, de beberse a escondidas un vaso de brandy de la botella
de pap. Pues haban abierto tantas luces al mismo tiempo que la casa se
haba rebosado, y todo el cuarto ao elemental de la escuela de San Julin
el Hospitalario se haba ahogado en el piso quinto del nmero 47 del
Paseo de la Castellana. En Madrid de Espaa, una ciudad remota de
veranos ardientes y vientos helados, sin mar ni ro, y cuyos aborgenes de
tierra firme nunca fueron maestros en la ciencia de navegar en la luz.
La luz es como el agua Doce cuentos peregrinos. Gabriel G Mrquez

Materia: TRABAJO Y TECNOLOGA (TECHNOLOGY)

Curso: 8 grado

Profesor: Antonio Corrales Santos

PROJECT PHILOSOPHY
This is a type of learning process where teacher and student are located in
the same individual.

Our knowledge comes from our previous ideas about electricity and our
own questions and answers through the experiments with electricity.
To sum up, we are going to think with our hands.

HOW DO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS WORK?

An electric circuit is like a pathway made of wires where electrons can

flow through. A battery or other power source gives the force (voltage)
that makes the electrons move. When the electrons get to a device like a

light bulb, your computer, or a refrigerator, they give it the power to

make it work.

The word "circuit" sounds like "circle," and a circuit needs to be circular to

work. The wires have to go from the power source to the device and back
again, so that the electrons can go out and come back.

Many circuits have a switch so that they can be turned on and off. When

the switch is off, it makes a gap in the circuit and the electrons are not
able to flow around. When the switch is turned on, it closes the gap and
the electricity is able to move and make the device work.

When someone make us this question we use to answer something like

this, but do we really understand it?

Materia: TRABAJO Y TECNOLOGA (TECHNOLOGY)

Curso: 8 grado

Profesor: Antonio Corrales Santos

LIGHT IS LIKE WATER

As Gabriel Garca Mrquez did, we
are going to make an analogy

between electricity and hidraulic

systems to understand electricity
with all its electrons, batteries,

resistors, switches, dimmers, bulbs,

wires and types of circuits.

It sometimes helps to think of the flow of electrons in wires and bulbs as

being similar the flow of water through pipes.

In this picture, a wire behaves like a big fat pipe through which water

flows very easily, and a bulb is like a skinny pipe through which water
flows more slowly.

big pipe

narrow
pipe

pump

big pipe
In the same way, electric current flows very easily through the wires used
when hooking up a circuit, but faces more resistance when flowing
through a bulb.

wire

bulb

battery
wire

Materia: TRABAJO Y TECNOLOGA (TECHNOLOGY)

Curso: 8 grado

Profesor: Antonio Corrales Santos

You can think of a battery as a pump. A water pump pushes water

through pipes by creating pressure. A battery pushes electric current

through wires and bulbs by creating a voltage. Just like pressure is a

measure of how hard a pump can push water, voltage is a measure of

how hard a battery can push electric current.

Notice that you need the water pipes to make a complete circuit in order
for water to keep flowing. You also cant have any leaks. These things are

true in electric circuits also: You need a circuit for electricity to flow, and
you cant leak electricity anywhere.

To make water flow through a narrow pipe we need pressure. If we

increase the pressure we increase the flow. If we make the narrow pipe
longer, its harder for the water to move, and the flow becomes smaller.

In the same way, to make electric current flow through a lamp we need

voltage. If we increase the voltage we increase the flow and the lamp
becomes brighter. If we put two lamps one after the other it becomes
harder for current to flow, and the lamps become dimmer.

For electric circuits this is summarized by Ohms Law: I = V/R, where I is

the current through the circuit and V is the voltage pushing across the

circuit. Resistance R is just a measure of how hard it is for current to flow

(like the skinniness of the pipe), and we will investigate this more in
experiments.

Materia: TRABAJO Y TECNOLOGA (TECHNOLOGY)

Curso: 8 grado

Profesor: Antonio Corrales Santos

PROJECT: DIY LAMPS REUSING MATERIALS

Got an odd piece that you want to display, but aren't sure what to do with
it? How about making a lamp?

No home can function without light, and nice-looking fixtures don't have
to be expensive. With a hardware-store kit and lamp shade, you can turn
any large container into a custom-designed table lamp.
So, its time to be creative!!
MATERIALS

Energy saving light bulb

Bulb socket

Electric cord

On-off switch or dimmer

Electric plug
Hollow base

Odd pieces or household materials for the lamp base

TOOLS

Screwdriver
Plier

Duct tape

Tools for decoration