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Grimoire
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Agrimoire(/rmwr/grimWAR)isatextbookofmagic,typically
includinginstructionsonhowtocreatemagicalobjectsliketalismansand
amuletshowtoperformmagicalspellscharmsanddivinationandhowto
summonorinvokesupernaturalentitiessuchasangels,spirits,and
demons.[1]Inmanycases,thebooksthemselvesarebelievedtobeimbued
withmagicalpowers,thoughinmanycultures,othersacredtextsthatarenot
grimoires(suchastheBible)havebeenbelievedtohavesupernatural
propertiesintrinsically.Inthismannerwhileallbooksonmagiccouldbe
thoughtofasgrimoires,notallmagicalbooksshould.[2]
WhilethetermgrimoireisoriginallyEuropeanandmanyEuropeans
throughouthistory,particularlyceremonialmagiciansandcunningfolk,have
madeuseofgrimoires,thehistorianOwenDaviesnotedthatsimilarbooks
canbefoundallacrosstheworld,rangingfromJamaicatoSumatra.[3]He
alsonotedthatthefirstgrimoirescouldbefoundinEuropeandtheAncient
NearEast.[4]

Thisdesignforanamuletcomesfromthe
BlackPulletgrimoire.

Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Ancientperiod
2.2 Medievalperiod
2.3 Earlymodernperiod
2.4 18thand19thcenturies
2.5 20thand21stcenturies
3 Inpopularculture
4 References
5 Bibliography
6 Externallinks

Etymology
ItismostcommonlybelievedthatthetermgrimoireoriginatedfromtheOldFrenchwordgrammaire,whichhadinitially
beenusedtorefertoallbookswritteninLatin.Bythe18thcentury,thetermhadgaineditsnowcommonusageinFrance,
andhadbeguntobeusedtoreferpurelytobooksofmagic.OwenDaviespresumedthiswasbecause"manyofthem
continuedtocirculateinLatinmanuscripts".
However,thetermgrimoirelaterdevelopedintoafigureofspeechamongsttheFrenchindicatingsomethingthatwashard
tounderstand.Inthe19thcentury,withtheincreasinginterestinoccultismamongsttheBritishfollowingthepublicationof
FrancisBarrett'sTheMagus(1801),thetermenteredtheEnglishlanguageinreferencetobooksofmagic.[1]
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History
Ancientperiod
TheearliestknownwrittenmagicalincantationscomefromancientMesopotamia(modernIraq),wheretheyhavebeen
foundinscribedoncuneiformclaytabletsexcavatedbyarchaeologistsfromthecityofUrukanddatedtobetweenthe5th
and4thcenturiesBC.[5]TheancientEgyptiansalsoemployedmagicalincantations,whichhavebeenfoundinscribedon
amuletsandotheritems.TheEgyptianmagicalsystem,knownasheka,wasgreatlyalteredandenhancedafterthe
Macedonians,ledbyAlexandertheGreat,invadedEgyptin332BC.UnderthenextthreecenturiesofHellenisticEgypt,
theCopticwritingsystemevolved,andtheLibraryofAlexandriawasopened.Thislikelyhadaninfluenceuponbooksof
magic,withthetrendonknownincantationsswitchingfromsimplehealthandprotectioncharmstomorespecificthings,
suchasfinancialsuccessandsexualfulfillment.[6]AroundthistimethelegendaryfigureofHermesTrismegistusdeveloped
asaconflationoftheEgyptiangodThothandtheGreekHermesthisfigurewasassociatedwithwritingandmagicand,
therefore,ofbooksonmagic.[7]
TheancientGreeksandRomansbelievedthatbooksonmagicwereinventedbythePersians.The1stcenturyADwriter
PlinytheElderstatedthatmagichadbeenfirstdiscoveredbytheancientphilosopherZoroasteraroundtheyear647BC
butthatitwasonlywrittendowninthe5thcenturyBCbythemagicianOsthanes.Hisclaimsarenot,however,supported
bymodernhistorians.[8]
TheancientJewishpeoplewereoftenviewedasbeingknowledgeableinmagic,which,accordingtolegend,theyhad
learnedfromMoses,whohadlearneditinEgypt.Amongmanyancientwriters,MoseswasseenasanEgyptianratherthan
aJew.Twomanuscriptslikelydatingtothe4thcentury,bothofwhichpurporttobethelegendaryeighthBookofMoses
(thefirstfivebeingtheinitialbooksintheBiblicalOldTestament),presenthimasapolytheistwhoexplainedhowto
conjuregodsandsubduedemons.[7]
Meanwhile,thereisdefiniteevidenceofgrimoiresbeingusedbycertain,particularlyGnostic,sectsofearlyChristianity.In
theBookofEnochfoundwithintheDeadSeaScrolls,forinstance,thereisinformationonastrologyandtheangels.In
possibleconnectionwiththeBookofEnoch,theideaofEnochandhisgreatgrandsonNoahhavingsomeinvolvement
withbooksofmagicgiventothembyangelscontinuedthroughtothemedievalperiod.[8]

"Manyofthose[inEphesus]whobelieved
[inChristianity]nowcameandopenly
confessedtheirevildeeds.Anumberwho
hadpractisedsorcerybroughttheirscrolls
togetherandburnedthempublicly.When
theycalculatedthevalueofthescrolls,the
totalcametofiftythousanddrachmas.In
thiswaythewordoftheLordspread
widelyandgrewinpower."
Acts19,c.1stcentury

IsraeliteKingSolomonwasaBiblicalfigureassociatedwithmagicand
sorceryintheancientworld.The1stcenturyRomanoJewishhistorian
JosephusmentionedabookcirculatingunderthenameofSolomonthat
containedincantationsforsummoningdemonsanddescribedhowaJew
calledEleazarusedittocurecasesofpossession.Thebookmayhavebeen
theTestamentofSolomonbutwasmoreprobablyadifferentwork.[9]The
pseudepigraphicTestamentofSolomonisoneoftheoldestmagicaltexts.
ItisaGreekmanuscriptattributedtoSolomonandlikelywrittenineither
BabyloniaorEgyptsometimeinthefirstfivecenturiesAD,over1,000years
afterSolomon'sdeath.

TheworktellsofthebuildingofTheTempleandrelatesthatconstruction
washamperedbydemonsuntiltheangelMichaelgavethekingamagicalring.Thering,engravedwiththeSealof
Solomon,hadthepowertobinddemonsfromdoingharm.Solomonusedittolockdemonsinjarsandcommandedothers
todohisbidding,althougheventually,accordingtotheTestament,hewastemptedintoworshiping"falsegods",suchas
Moloch,Baal,andRapha.Subsequently,afterlosingfavourwithGod,KingSolomonwrotetheworkasawarninganda
guidetothereader.[10]
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WhenChristianitybecamethedominantfaithoftheRomanEmpire,theearlyChurchfrowneduponthepropagationof
booksonmagic,connectingitwithpaganism,andburnedbooksofmagic.TheNewTestamentrecordsthatSt.Paulcalled
fortheburningofmagicandpaganbooksinthecityofEphesusthisadvicewasadoptedonalargescaleafterthe
Christianascenttopower.[11]EvenbeforeChristianisation,theImperialRomangovernmenthadsuppressedmanypagan,
Christian,philosophical,anddivinatorytextsthatitviewedasthreatstoRomanauthority,includingthoseoftheGreek
mysticandmathematicianPythagoras.

Medievalperiod
IntheMedievalperiod,theproductionofgrimoirescontinuedinChristendom,aswellasamongstJewsandthefollowers
ofthenewlyfoundedIslamicfaith.AsthehistorianOwenDaviesnoted,"whilethe[Christian]Churchwasultimately
successfulindefeatingpaganworshipitnevermanagedtodemarcateclearlyandmaintainalineofpracticebetween
religiousdevotionandmagic."[12]Theuseofsuchbooksonmagiccontinued.InChristianisedEurope,theChurchdivided
booksofmagicintotwokinds:thosethatdealtwith"naturalmagic"andthosethatdealtin"demonicmagic".Theformer
wasacceptable,becauseitwasviewedasmerelytakingnoteofthepowersinnaturethatwerecreatedbyGodfor
instance,theAngloSaxonleechbooks,whichcontainedsimplespellsformedicinalpurposes,weretolerated.However,
demonicmagicwasnotacceptable,becauseitwasbelievedthatsuchmagicdidnotcomefromGod,butfromtheDevil
andhisdemons.Thesegrimoiresdealtinsuchtopicsasnecromancy,divinationanddemonology.[13]Despitethis,"thereis
ampleevidencethatthemediaevalclergywerethemainpractitionersofmagicandthereforetheowners,transcribers,and
circulatorsofgrimoires,"[14]whileseveralgrimoireswereattributedtoPopes.[15]
OnesuchArabicgrimoiredevotedtoastralmagic,the12thcentury
GhyatalHakmfi'lsihr,waslatertranslatedintoLatinandcirculatedin
Europeduringthe13thcenturyunderthenameofthePicatrix.[16]
However,notallsuchgrimoiresofthiserawerebaseduponArabic
sources.The13thcenturySwornBookofHonorius,forinstance,was
(liketheancientTestamentofSolomonbeforeit)largelybasedonthe
supposedteachingsoftheBiblicalkingSolomonandincludedideassuchas
prayersandaritualcircle,withthemysticalpurposeofhavingvisionsof
God,Hell,andPurgatoryandgainingmuchwisdomandknowledgeasa
result.AnotherwastheHebrewSeferRazielHaMalakh,translatedin
EuropeastheLiberRazielisArchangeli.[17]
AlaterbookalsoclaimingtohavebeenwrittenbySolomonwasoriginally
writteninGreekduringthe15thcentury,whereitwasknownasthe
MagicalTreatiseofSolomonortheLittleKeyoftheWholeArtof
Hygromancy,FoundbySeveralCraftmenandbytheHolyProphet
Solomon.Inthe16thcentury,thisworkhadbeentranslatedintoLatinand
Italian,beingrenamedtheClaviculaSalomonis,ortheKeyof
Solomon.[18]InChristendomduringthemediaevalage,grimoireswere
AnexcerptfromSeferRazielHaMalakh,
writtenthatwereattributedtootherancientfigures,therebysupposedly
featuringmagicalsigils(or,seguloth,
givingthemasenseofauthenticitybecauseoftheirantiquity.TheGerman
inHebrew)
abbotandoccultistTrithemius(14621516)supposedlyhadaBookof
SimontheMagician,basedupontheNewTestamentfigureofSimon
Magus.MagushadbeenacontemporaryofJesusChrist'sand,liketheBiblicalJesus,hadsupposedlyperformedmiracles,
buthadbeendemonisedbytheMedievalChurchasadevilworshiperandevilindividual.[19]Similarly,itwascommonly
believedbymediaevalpeoplethatotherancientfigures,suchasthepoetVirgil,astronomerPtolemyandphilosopher

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Aristotle,hadbeeninvolvedinmagic,andgrimoiresclaimingtohavebeenwrittenbythemwerecirculated.[20]However,
therewerethosewhodidnotbelievethisforinstance,theFranciscanfriarRogerBacon(c.121494)statedthatbooks
falselyclaimingtobebyancientauthors"oughttobeprohibitedbylaw."[21]

Earlymodernperiod
Astheearlymodernperiodcommencedinthelate15thcentury,manychangesbegantoshockEuropethatwouldhavean
effectontheproductionofgrimoires.HistorianOwenDaviesclassedthemostimportantoftheseastheProtestant
ReformationandsubsequentCatholicCounterReformation,thewitchhuntsandtheadventofprinting.TheRenaissance
sawthecontinuationofinterestinmagicthathadbeenfoundintheMediaevalperiod,andinthisperiod,therewasan
increasedinterestinHermeticismamongoccultistsandceremonialmagiciansinEurope,largelyfueledbythe1471
translationoftheancientCorpushermeticumintoLatinbyMarsilioFicino(143399).
Alongsidethis,therewasariseininteresttheJewishmysticismknownastheKabbalah,whichwasspreadacrossthe
continentbyPicodellaMirandolaandJohannesReuchlin.[22]ThemostimportantmagicianoftheRenaissancewas
HeinrichCorneliusAgrippa(14861535),whowidelystudiedocculttopicsandearliergrimoiresandeventuallypublished
hisown,theThreeBooksofOccultPhilosophy,in1533.[23]AsimilarfigurewastheSwissmagicianknownas
Paracelsus(14931541),whopublishedOftheSupremeMysteriesofNature,inwhichheemphasisedthedistinction
betweengoodandbadmagic.[24]AthirdsuchindividualwasJohannGeorgFaust,uponwhomseveralpiecesoflater
literaturewerewritten,suchasChristopherMarlowe'sDoctorFaustus,thatportrayedhimasconsultingwithdemons.[25]
TheideaofdemonologyhadremainedstrongintheRenaissance,andseveraldemonologicalgrimoireswerepublished,
includingTheFourthBookofOccultPhilosophy,whichfalselyclaimedtohavingbeenauthoredbyAgrippa,[26]andthe
PseudomonarchiaDaemonum,whichlisted69demons.Tocounterthis,theRomanCatholicChurchauthorisedthe
productionofmanyworksofexorcism,theritualsofwhichwereoftenverysimilartothoseofdemonicconjuration.[27]
Alongsidethesedemonologicalworks,grimoiresonnaturalmagiccontinuedtobeproduced,includingMagianaturalis,
writtenbyGiambattistaDellaPorta(15351615).[28]
TheadventofprintinginEuropemeantthatbookscouldbemassproducedfor
thefirsttimeandcouldreachanevergrowingliterateaudience.Amongthe
earliestbookstobeprintedweremagicaltexts.Thenminaswereone
example,consistingofprayerstothesaintsusedastalismans.[29]Itwas
particularlyinProtestantcountries,suchasSwitzerlandandtheGermanstates,
whichwerenotunderthedominationoftheRomanCatholicChurch,wheresuch
grimoireswerepublished.
Despitetheadventofprint,however,handwrittengrimoiresremainedhighly
valued,astheywerebelievedtocontaininherentmagicalpowers,andthey
Maninscribedinapentagram,from
HeinrichCorneliusAgrippa'sDe
OccultaPhilosophia(Eng.,Three
BooksofOccultPhilosophy).The
signsontheperimeterare
astrological.

continuedtobeproduced.[30]Withincreasingavailability,peoplelowerdownthe
socialscaleandwomenbegantohaveaccesstobooksonmagicthiswasoften
incorporatedintothepopularfolkmagicoftheaveragepeopleand,inparticular,
thatofthecunningfolk,whowereprofessionallyinvolvedinfolkmagic.[31]
TheseworksleftEuropeandwereimportedtothepartsofLatinAmerica
controlledbytheSpanishandPortugueseempiresandthepartsofNorth
AmericacontrolledbytheBritishandFrenchempires.[32]

Throughoutthisperiod,theInquisition,aRomanCatholicorganisation,had
organisedthemasssuppressionofpeoplesandbeliefsthattheyconsideredheretical.Inmanycases,grimoireswerefound
intheheretics'possessionsanddestroyed.[33]In1599,thechurchpublishedtheIndexesofProhibitedBooks,inwhich
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manygrimoireswerelistedasforbidden,includingseveralmediaevalones,suchastheKeyofSolomon,whichwerestill
popular.[34]InChristendom,therealsobegantodevelopawidespreadfearofwitchcraft,whichwasbelievedtobe
Satanicinnature.Thesubsequenthysteria,knownastheWitchHunt,causedthedeathofaround40,000people,mostof
whomwerewomen.Sometimes,thosefoundwithgrimoires,particularlydemonologicalones,wereprosecutedanddealt
withaswitchesbut,inmostcases,thoseaccusedhadnoaccesstosuchbooks.TheEuropeannationthatprovedthe
exceptiontothis,however,wasthehighlyliterateIceland,whereathirdofthe134witchtrialsheldinvolvedpeoplewho
hadownedgrimoires.[35]BytheendoftheEarlyModernperiodandthebeginningoftheEnlightenment,manyEuropean
governmentsbroughtinlawsprohibitingmanysuperstitiousbeliefsinanattempttobringanendtotheWitchHuntthis
wouldinvariablyaffectthereleaseofgrimoires.
Meanwhile,HermeticismandtheKabbalahwouldinfluencethecreationofamysticalphilosophyknownasRosicrucianism,
whichfirstappearedintheearly17thcentury,whentwopamphletsdetailingtheexistenceofthemysteriousRosicrucian
groupwerepublishedinGermany.TheseclaimedthatRosicrucianismhadoriginatedwithaMedievalfigureknownas
ChristianRosenkreuz,whohadfoundedtheBrotherhoodoftheRosyCrosshowever,therewasnoevidenceforthe
existenceofRosenkreuzortheBrotherhood.[36]

18thand19thcenturies
The18thcenturysawtheriseoftheEnlightenment,amovementdevotedto
scienceandrationalism,predominantlyamongsttherulingclasses.However,
amongstmuchofEurope,beliefinmagicandwitchcraftpersisted,asdidthe
witchtrialsincertainareas.Governmentstriedtocrackdownonmagicians
andfortunetellers,particularlyinFrance,wherethepoliceviewedthemas
socialpestswhotookmoneyfromthegullible,ofteninasearchfortreasure.
Indoingso,theyconfiscatedmanygrimoires.[37]However,inFranceanew
formofprintingdeveloped,theBibliothquebleue.Manygrimoires
publishedthroughthiscirculatedamonganevergrowingpercentageofthe
populace,inparticulartheGrandAlbert,thePetitAlbert(1782),the
GrimoireduPapeHonoriousandtheEnchiridionLeonisPapae.The
PetitAlbertcontainedawidevarietyofformsofmagic,forinstance,
dealinginsimplecharmsforailmentsalongwithmorecomplexthingssuchas
theinstructionsformakingaHandofGlory.[38]

"EmperorLucifer,masterofalltherebel
spirits,Ibegyoutofavourmeinthecall
thatIammakingtoyourgrandminister
LUCIFUGROFOCALE,desiringtomake
apactwithhimIbegyoualso,prince
Beelzebubtoprotectmeinmyundertaking.
OcountAstarot!Befavourabletome,and
makeitsothatthisnightthegrand
Lucifegeappearstomeinhumanform,
andwithoutanybadodour,andthathe
accordstome,bythepactthatIamgoing
topresenttohim,alltherichesIneed."
FromtheGrandGrimoire.

Inthelate18thandearly19thcenturies,followingtheFrenchRevolutionof1789,ahugelyinfluentialgrimoirewas
publishedunderthetitleoftheGrandGrimoire,whichwasconsideredparticularlypowerful,becauseitinvolvedconjuring
andmakingapactwiththedevil'schiefminister,LucifugRofocale,togainwealthfromhim.Anewversionofthisgrimoire
waslaterpublishedunderthetitleoftheDragonrougeandwasavailableforsaleinmanyParisianbookstores.[39]Similar
bookspublishedinFranceatthetimeincludedtheBlackPulletandtheGrimoiriumVerum.TheBlackPullet,probably
authoredinlate18thcenturyRomeorFrance,differsfromthetypicalgrimoiresinthatitdoesnotclaimtobeamanuscript
fromantiquitybuttoldbyamanwhowasamemberofNapoleon'sarmedexpeditionaryforcesinEgypt.[40]
ThewidespreadavailabilityofprintedgrimoiresinFrancedespitetheoppositionofboththerationalistsandthechurch
soonspreadtoneighbouringcountriessuchasSpainandGermany.InSwitzerland,Genevawascommonlyassociatedwith
theoccultatthetime,particularlybyCatholics,becauseithadbeenastrongholdofProtestantism.Manyofthose
interestedintheesoterictraveledfromRomanCatholicnationstoSwitzerlandtopurchasegrimoiresortostudywith
occultists.[41]Soon,grimoiresappearedthatinvolvedCatholicsaintsoneexamplethatappearedduringthe19thcentury
thatbecamerelativelypopular,particularlyinSpain,wastheLibrodeSanCipriano,orTheBookofSt.Ciprian,which
falselyclaimedtodatefromc.1000.Likemostgrimoiresofthisperiod,itdealtwith(amongotherthings)howtodiscover
treasure.[42]
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InGermany,withtheincreasedinterestinfolkloreduringthe19thcentury,many
historianstookaninterestinmagicandingrimoires.Severalpublishedextractsof
suchgrimoiresintheirownbooksonthehistoryofmagic,therebyhelpingto
furtherpropagatethem.PerhapsthemostnotableofthesewastheProtestant
pastorGeorgConradHorst(17791832),whofrom1821to1826,publisheda
sixvolumecollectionofmagicaltextsinwhichhestudiedgrimoiresasa
peculiarityoftheMediaevalmindset.[43]Anotherscholarofthetimeinterestedin
grimoires,theantiquarianbooksellerJohannScheible,firstpublishedtheSixth
andSeventhBooksofMoses,twoinfluentialmagicaltextsthatclaimedtohave
beenwrittenbytheancientJewishfigureMoses.[44]TheSixthandSeventh
BooksofMoseswereamongtheworksthatlaterspreadtothecountriesof
Scandinavia,where,inDanishandSwedish,grimoireswereknownasblack
booksandwerecommonlyfoundamongmembersofthearmy.[45]

Titlepageofthe1880NewYork
editionofTheSixthandSeventh
BooksofMoses

InBritain,newgrimoirescontinuedtobeproducedthroughoutthe18thcentury,
suchasEbenezerSibly'sANewandCompleteIllustrationoftheCelestial
ScienceofAstrology.Inthelastdecadesofthatcentury,Londonexperienceda
revivalofinterestintheoccultthatwasfurtherpropagatedwhenFrancisBarrett
publishedTheMagusin1801.TheMaguscontainedmanythingstakenfrom
oldergrimoires,particularlythoseofCorneliusAgrippa,andwhilenotachieving

initialpopularityuponrelease,graduallybecameaninfluentialtext.[46]Oneof
Barrett'spupils,JohnParkin,createdhisownhandwrittengrimoire,TheGrandOracleofHeaven,or,TheArtofDivine
Magic,althoughitwasneverpublished,largelybecauseBritainwasatwarwithFrance,andgrimoireswerecommonly
associatedwiththeFrench.TheonlywritertopublishBritishgrimoireswidelyintheearly19thcentury,RobertCross
Smith,releasedThePhilosophicalMerlin(1822)andTheAstrologeroftheNineteenthCentury(1825),butneither
soldwell.[47]
Inthelate19thcentury,severalofthesetexts(includingtheAbraMelintextandtheKeyofSolomon)werereclaimedby
paraMasonicmagicalorganisations,suchastheHermeticOrderoftheGoldenDawnandtheOrdoTempliOrientis.

20thand21stcenturies
TheSecretGrimoireofTurielclaimstohavebeenwritteninthe16thcentury,butnocopyolderthan1927hasbeen
produced.[48]
Amoderngrimoire,theSimonNecronomicon,takesitsnamefromafictionalbookofmagicinthestoriesofH.P.
Lovecraft,inspiredbyBabylonianmythologyandbythe"ArsGoetia",asectionintheLesserKeyofSolomonthat
concernsthesummoningofdemons.TheAzotiaofAndrewD.Chumbleyhasbeendescribedasamoderngrimoire.[49]
TheneopaganreligionofWiccapubliclyappearedinthe1940s,andGeraldGardnerintroducedtheBookofShadowsas
aWiccangrimoire.[50]
OberonZellRavenheart,headmasteroftheGreySchoolofWizardry,wroteandcompiledtheschool'sGrimoireforthe
ApprenticeWizard(NewPage,2004)andthesequelCompanionfortheApprenticeWizard(NewPage2006).[51]

Inpopularculture

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Thetermgrimoirecommonlyservesasanalternativenameforaspellbookortomeofmagicalknowledgeinfantasyfiction
androleplayinggames.ThemostfamousfictionalgrimoireistheNecronomicon,acreationofH.P.Lovecraft.[50]
GrimoiresareaprominentfocusoftheJapaneselightnovel,manga,andanimeseriesACertainMagicalIndex.Oneofthe
primarycharacters,Index(namedaftertheIndexLibrorumProhibitorum),storestheindestructiblespiritualcopiesof
103,000grimoiresinherhead.
InthetelevisionseriesCharmed,theGrimoireistheevilequivalentoftheHalliwellsisters'BookofShadows.
InthetelevisionseriesTheVampireDiaries,therearemanydifferentgrimoireswrittenbymanydifferentwitches.Theyare
anindividualwitchesspellbookandwhenpossessedbyanotherwitchthespellsinsidecanbeused.
ThecentralbookofspellsintheDisneyanimatedfantasyadventureseriesGargoyles,theGrimorumArcanorum,isan
ancientbookofmagicusedbyDemona,DavidXanatosandtheArchmageinschemesthroughouttheseries'storyline.
RoseLalondefromHomestuckhadagrimoirefor"SummoningtheZoologicallyDubious."
InthevideogameNier,oneofthemaincharactersisatalkinggrimoirewhoisusuallyreferredtoasWeiss,despitehis
proteststhathiscompanionsshouldusehisfulltitle,GrimoireWeiss.
ThevideogameEternalDarkness:Sanity'sRequiemfeaturesagrimoiretitledtheTomeofEternalDarkness.
ThevideogameScoobyDoo!MysteryMayhemfeaturesagrimoirenamedTheTomeofDoom.
ThefilmTheSorcererfeaturesagrimoirecalledtheIncantus.
InGregoryMaguire'sseriesofbookssetintheLandofOz:Wicked:TheLifeandTimesoftheWickedWitchofthe
West,SonofaWitch,ALionAmongMen,andOutofOz(referredtotogetherasTheWickedYears),thereisabookof
spellsandothermagicalarcanacalledtheGrimmerie.
TheanimeshowDancewithDevilscentersaroundtheconflictbetweendevilsandvampiresoverthelocationofthe
forbiddengrimoireandthekeytoitslocationisthemainheroine,RitsukaTachibana.
Disney'sGravityFallsfeaturesthejournals/grimoires,writtenbyStanfordPinescontaininghisstudyofthesupernaturalin
thesleepytownofOregon.

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9.Butler,E.M.(1979)."The
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48.Malchus,Marius(2011).The
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49.Semple,Gavin(1994)'The
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"OwenDavies'stop10grimoires".
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51.Myash,Jeff,(March2,2011),
"Thisspellstrouble!Reallife
Dumbledoreopensworld'sfirst
wizardschool"(http://www.daily
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umbledoreopensworldswizards
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Bibliography
Davies,Owen(2009).Grimoires:AHistoryofMagicBooks.OxfordUniversityPressUSA.
ISBN9780199204519.OCLC244766270.

Externallinks
MediarelatedtoGrimoireatWikimediaCommons
Lookupgrimoirein
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