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wo £-Gh, 2Nyaaya Voiseshika}: Anaikantika, , dd Re a ee nero wt? ibo it docs not fall under ,the category af a fallacy, The definition, however, covers the accredited cases of recognized fallacies which according to the Naiyaayika are of five different _ types, viz (1) auaikaantita,. (the inconclusive piobans (middle term) lacking invariable concomitance with the probanddm (major . term); (2) viruddla (the contradictory probatis which is invariably concomitant with the absence of the probandum; (3) asidha _ (unproven probans); (4) _Satpratipasha (the “counter~balanced probans); and (5) baadhifa (the contradicted probans). ‘The inconclusive ,(azaikaantita) probans , thwarts ° the process of ‘ inference by violating the universal concomitance (waapti), which js one of the conditions of inference. The frustration of inference may be direct or indirect through the violation of the ccnditiéns of inference, Now, the conditions of inference, are (Q) the universal concomitance of the probans with’ prohandun; (ji) the subsistence ofjsuch probans in the subject—which is expressed vin the minor’ premise. The combined product of these two premises is the synthetic judgement (paraamarsa) which immediately Jeads to inference of the conclusjon, If by reason of tny defect postesséd of firet! because | it ist a chill” _, These arguments. “dre jMlusergiion’ of thé aforésuidféllacy bécatise “the concomitance " between" ‘thé’ fadt of being! ariybrdt id ‘being amperishable’ is ot cdpable'' oF Being | ascertained "[“iii!]! The ‘inconsequential THeonelusive | Brobihs * arigds 'Whesi“thelsubjeottis the totality of eaistént’ things ‘and’ the! probindaind ithe: probandum are absolute universdl Gonedpts a8 for inst in’ thé! argument, ‘AIL things are namable hecaus€ they “tee ‘cognizable,’ Phettis'no case left over where the’ cbricdmitaheé Between’ ‘the! probate. ahd probandum ‘dan be tested gs ‘all’ existents have’been’ ihluded!tin the denotation of the'subject. This’ | sub-spbaies of ‘fallasy thowever has been a subject of heated cdittroyersy and Gangesa succeeds in vindicating this fallacy on the psychological ground of failure of a knowledge of universal cohcothitance, the failure ibeing due to the absence of an dcerdited example where ‘the concomitance can be ascertaitied. ' PEP ee ame cee ae et Virtiddha, Hee Qareet, 2) The contradictory probans [Viruddta} being auvaviably concomitant with the edniradietory' of the probaridun'contradidts the cognition of the necessary concomitance of ‘the ‘probans ‘with the probandtim and thus ‘tlwarts inferenge by" ‘removing Orie of its conditions, iz nod tie “Asi@etia, at (8. tAélddha’ {unproven} admits ef several sana varying with the ternte of the eyllugigm that may be inbiréven, (GK D-Nyniya Mraisedhiltagid-yo i Satpratipalshar mE --CiJ:The subject - may be difiction: ‘and. this! would: invalve :the t fallacy ‘oftthe | unproven subject ;{adsrayasiddha). -The-~ “a¥gumeit, h “The-golden: hill: ist, possessed: of; fire, betause it sis»pdssesded .of ~esmke}. is! abortivé,-inasmiich’as ‘no: synthetié judgement - scognizing ‘thespresence. of smoke-concomitant-with fire in a fiction is. possible. seni this:judgement:is invarinbly- the immediate catiS of, inference, hofiit} ‘Phere thay! bepa: case of! unproven ;probans -(svarupaasiddha) sivherevthe prdbans.is:knowmito: be:.non-existent; ins:the subject, citistin the argumentjThe lake-is!.on

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