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RealtimeLTE/WiFiCoexistenceTestbed
PublishDate:Feb16,2016
Overview

Theexponentialriseinusageofmobiledeviceshavenotshownanysignsofslowingdown.
Effortsareunderwayinthestandardizationbodiestodefinenewwaystoincreasedatarates
andnetworkcapacitybyenhancing4Gtechnologiesandbyintroducingnewtechnologiesin
5G[1].Thiswhitepaperfocusesontheeffortstoutilizeunlicensedspectrumtoimprove
capacityofcellularnetworks.Theunlicensedspectrum,specificallyinthe5GHzband,can
beleveragedeitherusingexistingtechnologiesinthatband(WiFi)orbymodifyingcellular
technologiestoaggregatethosechannelsdirectlyintothecellularPHYandMAClayer.The
latterapproachhasleadtodisagreementbetweencellularandWiFiecosystemsregarding
itsimpactonexistingandfutureWiFinetworks.Aswithanydisruptivetechnology,
prototypingusingarealistictestbedisthebestwaytotrulyunderstandtheperformance
tradeoffs.Hence,neutralmodifiableprototypingplatformsthatenableengineersand
researcherstoevaluateandcompareperformancetradeoffsofsuchalgorithmsinrealistic
environmentsarevaluable.ThiswhitepaperdescribessuchaplatformbasedonNational
Instruments(NI)USRPRIOhardwareandNILabVIEWCommunicationsSystemDesign
Suite.
TableofContents

1.Overview
2.DesignTargetsDefinedbyLTEU/LAA
3.PHYEnhancementstoMeetDesignTargets
4.802.11andLTEApplicationFrameworks
5.ImplementedPHYEnhancements
Theexponentialriseinusageofmobiledeviceshavenotshownanysignsofslowingdown.
Effortsareunderwayinthestandardizationbodiestodefinenewwaystoincreasedatarates
andnetworkcapacitybyenhancing4Gtechnologiesandbyintroducingnewtechnologiesin
5G[1].
Thiswhitepaperfocusesontheeffortstoutilizeunlicensedspectrumtoimprovecapacityof
cellularnetworks.Theunlicensedspectrum,specificallyinthe5GHzband,canbe
leveragedeitherusingexistingtechnologiesinthatband(WiFi)orbymodifyingcellular
technologiestoaggregatethosechannelsdirectlyintothecellularPHYandMAClayer.The
latterapproachhasleadtodisagreementbetweencellularandWiFiecosystemsregarding
itsimpactonexistingandfutureWiFinetworks.Aswithanydisruptivetechnology,
prototypingusingarealistictestbedisthebestwaytotrulyunderstandtheperformance
tradeoffs.Hence,neutralmodifiableprototypingplatformsthatenableengineersand
researcherstoevaluateandcompareperformancetradeoffsofsuchalgorithmsinrealistic
environmentsarevaluable.ThiswhitepaperdescribessuchaplatformbasedonNational
Instruments(NI)USRPRIOhardwareandNILabVIEWCommunicationsSystemDesign
Suite.(ViewthepartslistfortheRealtimeLTE/WiFiCoexistenceTestbed
(http://digital.ni.com/express.nsf/bycode/LTECoexistence))
Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2startswithanoverviewofavarietyof
approachesproposedorinuseforcellularnetworkstotakeadvantageofunlicensedbands.
ThesectionprovidesadetailedlookintothedesigntargetsandPHYenhancements
requiredforthetwomainapproachesunderdetaileddiscussioninthewireless
communicationsecosystemLTEUnlicensed(LTEU)andLicenseAssistedAccess(LAA).
Section3describeshowtouseNILabVIEWCommunicationsSystemDesignSuiteandthe
included802.11/LTEApplicationFrameworkstocreateaprototypingplatformforthisuse
case.Section4givesaselectionofresultsobtainedusingtheplatformregardingthe
performanceofLTEUandLAAanditsimplicationsonWiFi.

LTE/WiFicoexistencelandscape
1.Overview

Cellularnetworkprovidersalreadytakeadvantageofunlicensedspectrumviaopportunistic
offloadingoftraffictoWiFinetworks,especiallyindemandhotspots[2].TheLTE/WiFi
aggregation(LWA)workitem[3]in3GPPtargetingLTERelease13takesthisonestep
furtherandenablesaggregationofLTEandWiFiatthepacketdataconvergenceprotocol
(PDCP)layer.Inbothofthesecases,theWiFiairinterfaceisusedinunlicensedbands.In
thefollowingsections,weexploretechnologiesthatuseLTEbasedairinterfacesin
unlicensedbands.
LTEUnlicensed(LTEU)

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LTEUcreatedbyLTEUforum[4]isexpectedtobethefirsttechnologytobedeployed
wheretheunlicensedbandisdirectlyintegratedintotheLTElowerlayers.Keymembers
behindthisproprietarytechnologyincludeQualcomm,Verizon,Ericsson,Samsungetc.
InLTEU,theunlicensedbandisusedasasecondarycell(SCell)withintheLTEcarrier
aggregationframework.Therewillbealicensedanchorthatwillserveastheprimarycell
(PCell).Inthecurrentspecifications,theunlicensedbandisusedonlyfordownlink(DL)
trafficopportunistically.Inthefuture,uplink(UL)willalsobeconsidered.
LTEUusesadutycycledversionofLTEwaveformtoaccesstheunlicensedchannelas
showninFigure1.LTEUimplementsalgorithmstoimprovecoexistencebetweenLTEU
networksandWiFinetworks.TheLTEUaccesspoint(AP)listensactivelytoWiFiand
otherLTEUtransmissionstoestimatethenetworkusagepatterns.ActivereceptionofWiFi
transmissionimpliesthatitcaninterpretchanneltype(primary/secondary),packettype,
packetlength,etc.Thisinformationisusedtoevaluatechannelactivity,andconsequentlyfor
dynamicchannelselectionandadaptivedutycycling.TheonlinealgorithmusedbyLTEU
thatadaptsthedutycycleiscalledcarriersenseadaptivetransmission(CSAT)[5].Theduty
cyclecouldbemodifiedbychangingtheTONandTOFFvaluesappropriatelyorbyskipping
someTONperiodscreatinglongerTOFFtimesperiodically.Theresolutionofdutycyclingisat
LTEsubframe(1ms)boundaries.

Figure1:LTEUwaveformexample
TheproponentsofLTEUhaveshowedresultsthatindicatethatthedeploymentofthese
networksdonotsignificantlydegradeWiFinetworkperformance[6].However,paperssuch
as[7]disagreesinceLTEUdoesnotimplementlistenbeforetalk(LBT)mechanisms(such
asCSMA/CAwithdeferperiodandexponentialbackoffinWiFi)thattheybelieveiscritical
tofairsharingofunlicensedchannels.SomeregulatoryregimessuchasthoseinEurope
andJapanrequireLBTinunlicensedbands,andLTEUcannotbedeployedinthose
regions.DuetothecontroversialnatureofLTEU,regulatorssuchasFCCintheUS,where
LTEUcanbedeployedwithoutLBT,isreviewinginputfromtheecosystemandisevaluating
iffurtherregulationisneeded[8].
LicensedAssistedAccess(LAA)

LAAisthestandardsbasedapproachtoLTEinunlicensedbands.3GPPiscurrently
creatingspecificationsforLAAwiththeinitialversiontobereleasedaspartofLTERelease
13[9].LikeinLTEU,theunlicensedcarrierisusedasanSCellforDLonlyandisalways
anchoredbyalicensedPCell.ULoperationswillbeconsideredinfuturerevisions.
ThekeydifferencefromLTEUisthatLAAisdesignedforworldwideoperationsandhence
includesanLBTframework.Variousoptionsareunderdiscussion,andaWiFilikesystem
withaninitialdeferperiodandexponentialbackoffisexpectedtobeincluded.Anexample
waveformisshowninFigure2,wheretheLBTprocedureisusedtosensechannelandget
transmitopportunity(TXOP)forupto10LTEsubframes.
WiFiprovidershaveindicatedapreferenceforLAAoverLTEUsincetheycanparticipatein
theopenstandardsprocessandtheyexpectLBTdesigntobecriticaltoachievegood
coexistenceperformance.

Figure2:LAAwaveformexample
2.DesignTargetsDefinedbyLTEU/LAA

3GPPstartedtoworkonLAAwithastudyitemaboutthefeasibilityofLTE/WiFicoexistence
[10]specificallyassessingthefeasibilityofmeetingthefollowingdesigntargets:
Aglobalsolutionshouldensureregionindependentcompliance,e.g.implementingLBT
wouldensurecomplianceinregionswithregulatoryLBTrequirements
EnsureeffectiveandfaircoexistencebetweenLAAandWiFi
EnsureeffectiveandfaircoexistencebetweendifferentLAAoperatornodes.
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Thetechnicalreport[11]concludedthatcoexistenceisfeasibleandsuggestedanumberof
PHYenhancementsthatshouldbestudiedindetail.Aselectionoftheimportant
enhancementsaredescribedinSec.2.3.ThedetailedspecificationofthosePHY
enhancementswillbepartoftheworkitem[9].
LTEU,ontheotherhand,istargetedprimarilyatregulatoryregimessuchasUSA,Korea,
China,Indiaetc.whereLBTisnotrequiredforunlicensedchannelaccess.Hence,the
designtargetsforLTEUarethelasttwointheabovelistforLAA.
3.PHYEnhancementstoMeetDesignTargets

InordertomeetthedesigntargetsmentionedinSec.2.2,ithasbeensuggestedtoprovide
thefollowingfunctionalitytoenableLAA:
Channelaccessframeworkincludingclearchannelassessment,
Discontinuoustransmissionwithlimitedmaximumtransmissionduration,
UEsupportforcarrierselectionand
AGC,coarseandfinetimeandfrequencysynchronization.
ThatwouldimplyabilitytoincorporatethefollowingPHYenhancements:
Discontinuoustransmission(DTX)
Listenbeforetalk(LBT)
InthecaseofLTEU,dutycyclingandpuncturingisimposedontheLTEframestructureat
theresolutionofLTEsubframes.Theimplementationofdiscontinuoustransmissioncanbe
donetoincludesupportforLTEUpatterns.
DiscontinuousTransmission

Inunlicensedspectrum,someregulatoryregimessuchasJapandonotallowcontinuous
transmissionandlimitthemaximumdurationofatransmissionburst.Moreover,asseveral
usersmightsharethemediumatthesametime,continuousaccesstochannelmightnotbe
possibleallthetimeandisnotpreferableforthesakeoffairmediumsharing.SinceLTEand
othercellularstandardshavesofarfunctionedinlicensedspectrumwherecontinuous
transmissionispossible,theadditionofdiscontinuoustransmissionfeaturegenerates
severaldesignchallenges.
ListenBeforeTalk

Since3GPPenvisagesaglobalsolutionforLAAandLBTismandatoryforunlicensed
channelusageinsomeregulatoryregimes,theneedofLBTfeatureismandatoryforLAA.
DifferentLBTschemeshavebeenproposedinSec.7.2.1.6andSec.8.2of[11]and
extensiveperformanceevaluationshavebeenconducted,seeSec.8.3andrelatedAnnexB
of[11].TheLBTCategory4(Cat4)schemehasbeenidentifiedasthepreferredschemefor
mostoftheusecases.Throughoutthispaper,theLBTCat4procedurewillbetreatedas
showninFigure3,whichcorrespondstotheflowchartofDLLAASCellCat4LBTprocedure
asinFig.7.2.1.61of[11].
TheLBTCat4procedurestartswhenthedevicehasapackettotransmit.Thedevicethen
conductsaninitialclearchannelassessment(iCCA),whereitischeckedifthechannelis
idleforadefinedperiodoftime.Ifthechannelisdeterminedtobefree,thetransmissioncan
proceed.Ifnot,thedeviceconductsaslottedrandombackoffprocedure,wherearandom
numberisselectedfromaspecifiedintervalcalledthecontentionwindow.Abackoff
countdownisdonewheneverthechannelisdeterminedtobefreeasshownintheextended
CCA(eCCA)portionoftheflowchartandthetransmissionisinitiatedwhenthebackoff
countergoestozero.

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Figure3:LBTCat4procedurefrom[14]
Thisprocedureissimilartothecarriersensemultipleaccess(CSMA)employedbythe
802.11distributedcoordinationfunction(DCF)MAC.Infact,thealgorithmwasdeveloped
basedonfeedbackfromthoseinthe802.11/WiFicommunitywithexperienceinfairsharing
ofunlicensedspectrum.However,therearestillsomepointsofdiscussionamongthe
participantsof3GPP.Acoupleofcrucialdifferencestokeepinmindarelistedbelow.
The802.11legacytrainingfield,locatedatthebeginningofall802.11packetsisafixed
knownsequence,andthisisusedby802.11devicestodetectifthechannelisidleorin
use.LAA/LTEUnodescanusethismethodtooptimizedetectionperformance.The
alternateapproachistouseenergydetectionbasedsensing,whichissimplerto
implement,buthaslowerperformance.
Contentionwindowupdatebasedonunsuccessfultransmission:802.11CSMAemploys
exponentialbackoff,while3GPPisevaluatinglessaggressiveschemesaswell.

PrototypingLTEU/LAAsolutions
4.802.11andLTEApplicationFrameworks

The802.11andLTEapplicationframeworks,see[12]and[13],respectively,buildthebase
forthisLTE/WiFicoexistenceprototypingexample.Detailedinformationregardingthe
architectureandimplementationoftheframeworkscanbefoundinthewhitepapersfor
802.11applicationframeworkunder[14]andfortheLTEapplicationframeworkunder[15].
TherestofthispaperassumesknowledgeoftheLTEapplicationframeworkarchitectureand
implementation.
AstheLAAchannelaccessframeworktendstobeveryclosetothe802.11channelaccess
scheme,thereuseofthe802.11channelaccessrelatedmoduleswithintheLTEapplication
frameworkisoneofthebasicideastowardstheimplementationoftheLAALBTcapabilities.
FortheextensionoftheexistingLTEapplicationframeworktowardsimplementing
discontinuoustransmissionandCat4LBT,thearchitecturalchangesasshowninFigure4
andFigure5arenecessaryonthefollowingmodules/subsystems:
Controlofresourcemapper,TXtriggermechanismandsynchronizationunitfor
discontinuoustransmissionandreception.
IntegrationofanewchannelsensingunitandTXtriggermechanismforLBT.

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Figure4:ArchitecturalchangesonTX

Figure5:ArchitecturalchangesonRX
5.ImplementedPHYEnhancements

ThissectionexplainshowdiscontinuoustransmissionandLBTcategory4havebeen
implemented.
DiscontinuousTransmission

DiscontinuoustransmissionisamajorchangeintheentireLTEschedulingscheme.Inthe
LTEapplicationframework,thisfunctionalitycanbeimplementedvialeveragingtheOFDM
symbolwiseresourceblockallocationcapabilitiesandtheembeddedTXtrigger
mechanisms.Bothareexplainedinthefollowing.
TheresourceblockallocationcanbedefinedforeachsingleOFDMsymbolwithinaradio
frame.Thisallocationisdoneonthehostintwosteps:
1.OneradioframeonapersubframebasisasshowninFigure6and
2.PersubframeonaPRBandperOFDMsymbolbasisasshowninFigure7.
Thisapproachgivesenoughflexibilitytosupportconfigurablemaximumtransmitoperation
timeforLAAandconfigurablecycletime,puncturingandmastercycleforLTEU.

Figure6:Radioframedefinitiononapersubframebasis

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Figure7:SubframedefinitiononaPRBandperOFDMsymbolbasis
TheLTEapplicationframeworkalreadyhasawiderangeofcapabilitiestotrigger
transmissions.Thesearereusedandextendedtowardstheneedsofdiscontinuous
transmission.Twochangesareincorporated:
1.ThefunctionalitytotriggerthetransmissionhasbeenextendedasshowninFigure8from
aradioframebasedtriggerlikewhatisneededfortraditionalLTEandLTEUtoaddthe
abilitytotransmitonatriggerfromLBTfunctionalitythathassensedthechanneland
assesseditasidleandreadyfortransmission.
2.Insteadoftransmittingforafullradioframe,additionalfunctionalityhasbeenaddedto
allowtransmissionforaconfigurablenumberTXOPofsubframesasshowninFigure9.
BasedonthisadditionalparameterTXOP,severalcountersarecontrolledinthebit
processingaswellI/QbasebandprocessingtotransmitonlyTXOPconsecutivesub
framesinsteadofanentireradioframe.AppropriatechangeshavebeendoneontheUE
RXsideaswellasshowninFigure10.

Figure8:SelecteitherradioframebasedtriggerorLBTbasedtrigger

Figure9:ModificationsonDLtransmittertowardsdiscontinuoustransmissionwithTXOP
subframes

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Figure10:ModificationsonDLreceivertowardsdiscontinuoustransmissionwithTXOPsub
frames

ListenBeforeTalkCategory4

Figure11showstheconfigurationcapabilitiesoftheprovidedLBTCat4implementation.If
FixedBackoffisdisabled,therandombackoffprocedureisapplied.Asthecurrentversion
doesnotyetcontainHARQfeedback,thebackoffisalwayspickedfromtheinterval[0,
CWmax1].Furthermore,theenergydetectionthresholdcanbeconfigured.

Figure11:LBTCat4configurationcapabilities
TheLBTCat4toplevelmoduleconsistsofastatemachineandthepowermeasurement
unitfromtheNI802.11applicationframeworkasshowninFigure12.Thepurposeofthis
statemachineisto,basedontheLBTCat4procedure,controlthepowermeasurementunit
todoclearchannelassessmentandtotriggerthediscontinuoustransmissionatthe
appropriatetime.ThestatemachinegiveninFigure13followstheLBTproceduregivenin
Figure3.
Thecurrentversionofthecodedoesnotimplement802.11preambledetectionforLAALBT,
buttheNI802.11applicationframeworkhasthenecessaryblocksandcanbeusedto
extendthefeaturesettoincludepreambledetection.

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Figure12:LBTCat4toplevelmodule

Figure13:LBTCat4statemachine

PreliminaryResults
Inordertogainabetterunderstandingofthebasicunderlyingprinciples,asimplesetuphas
beenusedconsistingofoneUSRPRIOrepresentingtheLTEeNBaswellastheUEand
commerciallyavailableWiFicomponentsofftheshelfasshowninFigure14andFigure15.
TheNI802.11applicationframeworktogetherwithUSRPcanalsobeusedforemulatingthe
WiFinetwork.

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Figure14:BasicLTE/WiFicoexistencesetup

Figure15:BasicLTE/WiFicoexistencesetupinlabenvironment

InFigure16,firstresultsaregivenfortheLTEUusecase.Inthiscase,theLTEUdutycycle
isvariedbychangingtheratiobetweenthenumberofconsecutiveDLsubframesandone
radioframe.TheplotshowsthecorrespondingchangeinthroughputoftheWiFiandthe
LTEUlink.TheresultsmatchtheexpectationsandshowhigherWiFithroughputaswe
lowertheLTEUdutycycleandviceversa.

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Figure16:NormalizedthroughputforlegacyWiFi802.11aandLTEUfordifferentdutycycle
ratios.

Figure17showshowthethroughputofaWiFi11acVHT40andLAALBTCat4system
change,respectively,iftheLAAeNBhasbeenconfiguredwithdifferentCCAenergy
detectionthresholdvalues.BoththeWiFi11acVHT40nodeandtheLAAnodeareseeing
eachotherwithanRSSIofaround67dBm.
Moreexperimentsandresultscanbefoundin3GPPcontributions[16]and[17].

Figure17:ThroughputforWiFi802.11acVHT40andLAAwithLBTcat4forvaryingLAA
CCAenergydetectionthresholds

Conclusions
TheNI802.11andLTEapplicationframeworkshavebeenusedtobuildanapplicationin
ordertoservetheemergingneedforaneutralplatformthataddressesresearchon
coexistencebetweenLTEandWiFi.Allsuchmethodseitheralreadyproposedor
envisionedinthefuturecanbeimplementedusingthistestbed.

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Inthiswhitepaper,thebasicideas,thearchitectureandtheessentialbuildingblockshave
beendisclosedwhichenablesresearchonPHYlayercoexistencebetweenLTEandWiFi.
Specifically,thedesignofthefollowingfeaturesarediscussed.
Discontinuoustransmission
ListenBeforeTalk
TheimplementationofthediscontinuoustransmissionfeatureallowssupportofLAAaswell
asLTEU.Thehighconfigurabilityofthisfeatureallowseasypluginofalgorithmstocontrol
theLTEUdutycyclelikeCSATalgorithm.Discontinuoustransmissionincombinationwith
theconfigurableLBTCat4buildsthebackboneoftheLAAchannelaccessframeworkand
canbeusedforrealworldexperimentsaswellasforfurtherresearch.Preliminaryresults
haveproventhatthetestbedandthetoolsarereadyforLTEUaswellaswellLAA.
Thehighconfigurabilityoftheprototype,namelytheconfigurabilityofthedutycycleinLTE
U,theTXOPinLAA,theCCAEDthreshold,thecontentionwindowsize,etc.allowsfora
widerangeofexperimentsforbetterunderstandinghowcoexistencewillworkandhowto
optimizetheparametersindifferentusecases.Theopenarchitectureallowseasy
modificationsorextensionstowardsmoresophisticatedcoexistenceschemes.
ThepresentedLTE/WiFicoexistenceprototypingexamplebasedonNI802.11andLTE
applicationframeworksisareadytogosolutionthatenables
Developmentengineerstorunaneutralsolutionwithinatestbed
Deploymentengineerstofindgoodoperatingpointsfordeploymentspecificusecases
andscenarios
Scientistsforresearchtowardstheconvergenceofscheduledandadhocwireless
systems
ExtensibilityfortestingandprototypingotherLTE/WiFicoexistenceapproachessuchas
D2D[18],LWA[3],andMulteFire[19].
NextSteps
ViewthepartslistfortheRealtimeLTE/WiFiCoexistenceTestbed
(http://digital.ni.com/express.nsf/bycode/LTECoexistence)
LearnmoreabouttheLTEApplicationFramework(http://www.ni.com/white
paper/52524/en)
Learnmoreaboutthe802.11ApplicationFramework(http://www.ni.com/product
documentation/52533/en)
LearnmoreaboutLabVIEWCommunications(http://www.ni.com/labview
communications/)(http://www.ni.com/gate/gb/GB_EVALLVCOMMS/US)
Downloadthesoftwareevaluation(http://www.ni.com/gate/gb/GB_EVALLVCOMMS/US)

Bibliography
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[2] RuckusWireless,"Hotspot2.0,"[Online].Available:
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[3] 3GPP,"RP151114:LTEWLANRadioLevelIntegrationandInterworking
Enhancement,"2015.
[4] LTEUForum,[Online].Available:http://www.lteuforum.org.
[5] QualcommTechnologies,Inc.,"LTEUTechnologyandCoexistence,"LTEUForum
Workshop,28May2015.[Online].Available:http://www.lteuforum.org/workshop.html.
[6] Qualcomm,"OnLTEU/WiFiCoexistence,"WiFiLTEUCoexistenceTestWorkshop,
November2015.[Online].Available:http://www.wifi.org/file/wifilteucoexistencetest
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[7] N.Jindal,D.BreslinandA.Norman,"LTEUandWiFi:ACoexistenceStudybyGoogle,"
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[8] FCC,"Proceeding15105:OfficeofEngineeringandTechnologyandWireless
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name=15105.
[9] 3GPP,"RP151045:NewWorkItemonLicensedAssistedAccesstoUnlicensed
Spectrum,"2015.
[10] 3GPP,"RP141664:StudyonLicensedAssistedAccessusingLAA,"2014.
[11] 3GPP,"36.889,v1.0.1:StudyonLicensedAssistedAccesstoUnlicensedSpectrum,"
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[12] "LabVIEWCommunications802.11ApplicationFramework,"NationalInstruments,
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[14]
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"LabVIEWCommunications802.11ApplicationFrameworkWhitePaper,"National
Instruments,[Online].Available:http://www.ni.com/productdocumentation/52533/en/.
[15] "LabVIEWCommunicationsLTEApplicationFrameworkWhitePaper,"National
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[16] "3GPPRAN1#82:ExperimentalResultsonCoexistenceofDLLAAandCommodityWi
FiNetworkwithCat2LBT,"NationalInstruments,August2015.[Online].Available:
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[17] "3GPPRAN1#83:ExperimentalResultsonImpactofEnergyDetectionThresholdforDL
LAA,"NationalInstruments,November2015.[Online].Available:
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[18] A.Asadi,V.MancuzoandR.Gupta,"AnSDRbasedExperimentalStudyofOutband
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[19] Qualcomm,Inc.,"IntroducingMulteFire:LTElikePerformancewithWiFilikeSimplicity,"
June2015.[Online].Available:
https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/2015/06/11/introducingmultefirelteperformance
wifisimplicity.

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