SWIMMING POOL SANITATION

Swimming pool sanitation is the process of ensuring healthy conditions in swimming

pools, hot tubs, plunge pools, and similar recreational water venues. Proper sanitation
is needed to maintain the visual clarity of water and to prevent the transmission of
infectious waterborne diseases.

METHODS
Sanitation methods include a water filter to remove pollutants, disinfection to kill
infectious microorganisms, swimmer hygiene to minimize the introduction of
contaminants into pool water, and regular testing of pool water,
including chlorine and pH levels.

CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Importance and need for chemical treatment
Bathers are in direct contact with organic and / or inorganic substances and disease
producers
A pool water must ensure:
- Absence of Pathogen
- Absence of toxic substances is harmful Concentration
- No unpleasant tastes or smells
- Absence of colored Waters
- Absence of Murky Waters

Microorganisms (source and pollution)

PROTOZOAN : Amoebas
ORIGINS: intestine infections
CONTAMINATED SITES: Water

FUNGUS : Dermatophytes Yeasts ( Candida albicans ) , molds (Aspergillus )

ORIGINS: skin (scales ) , skin (scales ) , mucous
CONTAMINATED SITES Soil ,Water

BACTERIA :Staphylococci, streptococci pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella,

colon bacillus , Shigella , Mycobacteruim Balnei , Legionella
ORIGINS: Skin lesions ( impetigo, abscess) , mucous membranes (nose,
throat)

CONTAMINATED SITES: Water (surface and upper edge of the pool ) .

VIRUS : Papilloma virus , Poliovirus , other enteroviruses , Hepatitis A Virus ,

Adenovirus
ORIGINS: Mucous membranes .
CONTAMINATED SITES: Pool water, soil and transport equipment

Pool Water Disinfection

Disinfection: Destruction of living organisms and bacteria in sufficient numbers (99.9 %)
to prevent diseases.
Sterilization: Complete destruction (100 %) of all living organisms and bacteria.
Oxidation: Destruction of organic pollutants and nitrogen present in the pool (Dirt ,
algae and human waste ). Process which converts complex organic molecules in
simple compounds may evaporate as completely harmless gas.

CHLORINATION
It is the most widely used disinfectant . Very good oxidizer , abundance and good price.
Clorox INORGANIC ( not stabilized ) :
- Chlorine gas ( gas )
- Sodium hypochlorite (liquid )
- Lithium hypochlorite ( solid)
- Calcium hypochlorite ( solid)
Clorox ORGANIC ( Stabilized , solids) :
- Trichloroisocyanuric acid ( trichloro / symclosene *)
- Sodium dichloroisocyanurate ( Dichloro / sodium troclosene *)

CHLORINE RESIDUAL AND DISINFECTION

FREE RESIDUAL CHLORINE: - It Is Chlorine existing in the form of disinfectant Ac.
Hypochlorous (HOCl) and / or in the form of hypochlorite ion (OCl). HE determined by
the DPD-1 test.
COMBINED CHLORINE RESIDUAL: - Are the "chloramines" formed by reacting the
Residual Chlorine Free with ammonia and nitrogenous waste. Irritates the eyes,
mucous membranes and Because the typical "chlorine smell". It has a very low
disinfectant power.
RESIDUAL CHLORINE TOTAL: - It is the sum of the Free Residual Chlorine and
Combined Chlorine Residual. It is determined by the DPD test-3

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) reacts with nitrogen compounds to form chloramines

(Combined chlorine)
- From the biochemical degradation of urea, proteins and amino acids introduced by
the bathers.
-From Ammonia from rainwater, fertilizers or other chemical species introduced into
the water.
- Urine, usually containing 555 ppm of ammonia (NH3) and 23000 ppm of urea, makes
it is a rich source of nitrogen that can react rapidly with HOCl to form undesirable
chloramines.

CHLORAMINES CYCLE
The Shock Chlorination or "break-point" is to add enough chlorine capable chloramines
chemically transform inert nitrogen gas. It is necessary: ppm chlorine needed
"breakpoint" = Cl combined x 10