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2. Preparation of alcohols:
3. Preparation of phenols:
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a. Boiling points:
Boiling points of alcohols and phenols are higher in
comparison to other classes of compounds, namely
hydrocarbons, ethers, haloalkanes and haloarenes of
comparable molecular masses. This is because the OH
group in alcohols and phenols is involved in intermolecular
hydrogen bonding.
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nucleophiles:
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d. Oxidation
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bond:
b. Esterification:
a.
co
(CO) bond:
a. Reaction with hydrogen halides:
conc.HCl ZnCl
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2 RX + H O
ROH + HX
Lucas reagent
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c. Dehydration:
d. Oxidation:
Cu,573K
or
CrO3
or
PCC
Secondary
Cu,573K
or
CrO3
alcohol
Ketone
Cu,573K
or
KMnO4
Tertiary alcohol Alkene
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9. Acidic nature:
a. Phenol > H2O > Primary alcohol > Secondary alcohol > Tertiary
alcohol
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2 RCl + H O
ROH + HCl
Lucas reagent
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b. Boiling points:
Ethers have much lower boiling points than alcohols. This is due to
the presence of hydrogen bonding in alcohols. Hydrogen bonding is
absent in ethers.
HX R-X + ROH
Excess
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b. Conversion 2:
ROH R 'MgX
R 'H Mg(X)OH