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SAMI

Assignment -2
16/02/2016
1. Which of the following scenario requires the learning approach?
(i)
Classifying numbers into even and odd.
(ii)
Detecting potential fraud in online credit card charges.
(iii)
Determining the time it would take an angry bird to hit the pig at the specified
location.
(iv)
Determining the optimal cycle for traffic lights in a busy intersection.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

(ii) and (iv)


(i) and (ii)
(i), (ii), and (iii).
(iii)
(i) and (iii)

Answer: a)

2. What types of learning, if any, best describe the following scenario:


A coin classification system has to be created for a vending machine. In order to do this, the
engineers obtain exact coin specifications from Reserve Bank of India and derive a statistical
model of the size, weight, and denomination, which the vending machine then uses to
classify its coins.
a) Not Learning
b) Supervised
c) Unsupervised
d) Cant Say

Answer: a)

3. What types of learning, if any, best describe the following scenario:


Instead of calling the Reserve Bank of India to obtain coin information, an algorithm is
presented with a large set of labeled coins. The algorithm uses this data to infer decision
boundaries which the vending machine then uses to classify its coins.
a) Not Learning
b) Supervised
c) Unsupervised

d) Cant Say

Answer: b)
4. You are given a trained perceptron classifier where h(x) = sign(3 + 6x1 -3x2 ) . which one of the
following represents the decision boundary of this classifier. Justify your answer.

a.

b.

14

14

y = -1

12

12

x2

10

x2

10

2
0

y = -1

y=1

y=1

x1
4

c.
2

0
0

-2
-4

-6

-6

y = -1

x2

-8

y = -1

-10

-10
-12

x2

-4

-8

d.

-2

x1

x1

Answer: a)
Consider the perceptron network:

-12

x1

Output is given by :
ai = hardlim(ni) = hardlim(iWTp + b),
Where, hardlim is defined as :

The decision boundary is determined by the input vectors for which the net n is zero:

For given problem, n = 3 + 6x1 -3x2 = 0, which is satisfied by option (a).

5. Coin Vending Machine Problem


Code for coin Vending:
load coins_data_train.txt;
load coins_data_test.txt;
XTrain=[coins_data_train(:,1) coins_data_train(:,2) ];
yTrain=coins_data_train(:,4);
gscatter(XTrain(:,1),XTrain(:,2),yTrain,'br','.*');
title('Scatter Plot for Input data points');
hold on
[w, k] = PerceptronTrain(XTrain,yTrain); % training
boundary(w,XTrain); % decision boundary plot
XTest=[coins_data_test(:,1) coins_data_test(:,2) ];
yTest=coins_data_test(:,4);
test_err=PerceptronTest(w, XTest, yTest); % Testing
[c_matrix,order]=conf_matx(yTrain,XTrain,w); % confusion Matrix
disp('Weight (parameters) matrix is:');
disp(w);
disp('Number of updations:')
disp(k);

disp('Confusion Matrix is:')


disp(c_matrix);
disp('Row labels for confusion matrix:')
disp(order);
disp('Testing error is:')
disp(test_err);

Code for perceptronTrain Function:


function [w, k] = PerceptronTrain(XTrain,yTrain)
[n,d] = size(XTrain);
w=ones(d+1,1); %intitial parameters are set to one
% w(1,1) is bias
k=0;% number of updates
iterations = 20;
for i = 1:iterations
for j = 1:n
v=w(1,1)+XTrain(j,1)*w(2,1)+XTrain(j,2)*w(3,1);
if v>=0
out=1;
else
out=-1;
end
error=yTrain(j)-out;
if( error~=0)
k=k+1;
end
w=w+error*[1;XTrain(j,:)'];
end
end

Code for Boundary line:


function boundary(w,XTrain)
minimum=min(min(XTrain));
maximum=max(max(XTrain));
x = minimum-1:0.01:maximum+1;
m = w(2,1)/w(3,1);
c = w(1,1)/w(3,1);
y = -(c+m * x) ;
plot(x,y,'k');

Code for PerceptronTest:


function test_err = PerceptronTest(w, XTest, yTest)
m= length(XTest);
error=zeros(m,1);
for i=1:m
v=w(1,1)+XTest(i,1)*w(2,1)+XTest(i,2)*w(3,1);
if v>=0
out=1;
else
out=-1;
end
error(i,1)=abs(yTest(i)-out);
end
test_err=sum(error)/m;

Output:

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