RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Temporary earth retaining works require close supervision as the sequence of work must be
very carefully adhered to.
2. Gaps between the temporary earth retaining wall and permanent wall must be carefully
backfilled and adequately compacted before the struts are removed.
3. Before removal of key elements, such as struts and waler, the builder must consulted the
professional engineer who designed the temporary earth retaining structures to ensure that the
works would be safe after the removal of key structural elements.

4. A highly dynamic, tailor-made and quick-responded approach may be the most

workable way in solving problems in basement construction.
5. Abundant supply of resources, strong support in IT and computer facilities, or even
with plentiful funding backup, may not be a guarantee to the success of projects.
6. The support for the rakers (driven piles or footings) are installed at the bottom of the
excavation.

DISCUSSION

Sheeting work using systems such as steel soldier piles, sheet piles, and slurry walls,
are used to prevent soil movement and cave-ins during the excavation of earth. These systems
help minimize the excavation area and protect nearby buildings or structures. Sheeting
system can be categorized into spaced sheeting or close sheeting. The former method
involves inserting spaced timber shores, bracing, trench jacks, piles or other material to resist
the pressure from surrounding earth. The close sheeting requires continuous solid sheeting
along the entire length of excavation
In order to prevent the failure of earthwork sheeting system, there are some
regulations and standard that has to be followed. Unless excavated entirely in stable rock,
OSHA requires that all employees working in an excavation should be protected by
supportive system. In OSHA regulations (Standards-29CFR), there are requirements for
timber shoring, aluminium hydraulic shoring, pneumatic/ hydraulic shoring, trench jacks and
trench shields. It is required that soil type should be examined using specified soil
classification methods. For assistant in designing a shoring system, the required minimum
dimension of shoring members is presented in forms of charts, so that designers can calculate
the minimum size of members under specific conditions. Besides, OSHA requires that
shoring/ sheeting systems should be designed by a registered professional engineer when it is
to be used in an excavation deeper than 20 feet. For the excavation less than 20 feet in depth,
a graphic summary of requirements is presented for easy application.

CONCLUSION

Although sheet pile wall are often used to form waterfront retaining structures, where ground
conditions are very poor and the groundwater level is near to ground surface, there may also
be used in temporary works applications, where ground and groundwater conditions may be
much better.
From this overview, it can be concluded that:
1. Temporary structures hold great risks to structure performance and have potential
safety hazard to workers on the job site.
2. Inappropriate monitoring of temporary structure turns out to be the major problem of
temporary structural failures.
3. There is a call for more safety regulations regarding temporary structures especially
the underpinning of foundations, temporary bracing systems and temporary
performance stages.
4. More efforts and safety precautions should be taken for better monitoring of
temporary structures.