PES 104: GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION METHODS

1.

Age of Earth (in billion yrs)

a. 7
b. 9
c. 4.5
d. 11.0

2. Oceans constitute how much percentage of earths surface?

a. 90%
c. 71%

b. 30%
d. 50%

3. Gravitational Constant G is equal to

(a) 9.5*10^(-11) m3/kg^(-1) s^(-2)
(b) 8.5*10^(-3) m3/kg^(-1) s^(-2)
(c) 6.6*10^(-11) m3/kg^(-1) s^(-2)
(d) 6.67*10^(-2) m3/kg^(-1) s^(-2)
4. Crust-Mantle boundary is called
a. Gutenberg
c. Moho

b. Cornard
d. Newton

5. Average thickness of Lithosphere below Continents (km)

a. 400
c. 250

b. 300
d. 550

6. The part containing Crust and upper mantle is called

a. Upper Crust
c. Asthenosphere

b. Lower Crust
d. Lithosphere

7. Radius of Earth is approx (kms)

a. 8000
c. 1576

b. 9000
d. 6378

8. Mid Oceanic ridges are oceanic features where

a. Continents Collide
b. Continents Subside
c. New Magma comes out on to the ocean floor
d. Oil Occurs

9. Average thickness of Oceanic Crust

a.1-2 kms
c.5-12 kms

b. 2-3 kms
d. 25-50 kms

10. Geophysical methods can be classified into two major categories as

a. Oil and Mineral prospecting methods
b. Detailed and Non-Detailed methods
c. Passive and Active Methods
d. Less and More expensive methods
11. A Pendulum measures
a. Gravity Constant
c. Absolute gravity at a place

b. Relative gravity at a place

d. Gravitational Constant

12.Sediment Densities are

a. Lower than for Volcanic rocks b. Higher than for Volcanic rocks
c. Negligible
d. Not Measurable
13. Gravitational Constant G is
a. Non-Measurable quantity
b. The force of attraction between two unit masses separated by a unit
distance
c. Equal to g at all places
d. Arbitrary Constant
14. The major difference between Gravitational and Magnetic field is
a. Gravity is equal at all places
b. Gravity field is a scalar field and Magnetic field is a Vector field
c. Gravity can be measured at any place compared to magnetic
d. None of the above

15. Geoid is
a. An imaginary line passing through earth
b. A reference used for gravity measurements
c. An equipotential surface over which the gravitational field is equal
d. None of the above

16. Gravity field is maximum at poles because

a. Polar ice Caps
b. High density
c. Excess mass
d. Due to flattening of earth and earths centrifugal force
17. The Unit of gravity field in prospecting is
a. Gal
b. Gm/sec^2
c. Km/hr
d. Milligal
18. Unit of magnetic field in prospecting
a. Magma
c.Gamma

b. Gm/cm3
d. Oersted

19. IGRF represents

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

International Geographic Reference Force

International Geomagnetic Reference Field
International Geomagnetic Resources Forum
None of the above

20. The important mineral, which contributes to magnetic suspectabilities in rocks, is

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Sphalarite
Sulphides
Magnetite
Manganese

21. Polar radius of earth is

(a) Lesser than equatorial radius
(b) Higher than equatorial radius
(c) Equal to the equatorial radius
(d) None of the above
22. The two important factors that influence density in shallow subsurface are
(a) Chemical Composition and water constant
(b) Width and Depth
(c) Thickness and Dip
(d) Porosity and Pore fluid content

23. Earths normal Gravity

(a) Increases with elevation
(b) Decreases with elevation
(c) Does not vary with elevation
(d) None of the above
24. Topographic and Bouger Corrections account for
(a) Gravity field due to latitude changes
(b) Gravity field due to tides
(c) Gravity effect of the material between the Geoid and the ground surface
(d) None of the above
25. Gravimeter measures
(a) Absolute gravity
(b) Relative gravity
(c) Gravitational constant
(d) Geoid variations
26. International Gravitational Formula gives
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Variations of gravity with Latitude

Variations of gravity with Longitude
Variations of Geoid Level
None of the above

27. The permanent magnetization acquired by a rock at the time of its origin is called
(a) Original Magnetization
(b) Induced Magnetization
(c) Artificial Magnetization
(d) Remanent Magnetization

28. The Major contribution for earths magnetic field is

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Of external origin
Due to Solar radiation
Diurnal variations
Circulation of convection currents within the inner core

29. Magnetic Inclination at equator is

(a) 0
(b) 90
(c) 30
(d) 45
30. The angle (D) between Magnetic Meridian and Geographic north can be
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Always positive
Always negative
Always less than 30
Positive or negative

31. Magnetic Storms

(a) Can be corrected using mathematic formulae
(b) Cannot be corrected
(c) Can be predicted and effect removed
(d) None of the above
32. Stainless Steel is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

A Source of very high magnetic anomaly

A Source for remanent magnetization
Associated with a weak magnetic susceptibility
None of the above

33. The Precessional frequency of proton in a magnetometer is

(a)A measure of earths magnetic field at that place
(b)Inversely proportional to the amplitude of the field
(c) Represents the raise due to external sources
(d)None of the above
34. Magnetic and gravity interpretation methods can be broadly categorized as a
(a) Ambiguous and Unique methods
(b)Direct and Indirect methods
(c) Relative and Unique methods
(d)None of the above
5

35. SP method measures

(a) S and P waves
(b)Natural self-potentials below the ground due to conducting ore bodies
(c) Slope parameters in Seismic Surveys
(d)None of the above
36. Resistivity of a material is
(a) Its ability to withstand external forces
(b) A measure of its ability to oppose the flow of electrical current through its
volume
(c) Its resistance against induced magnetic field
(d) None of the above
37. SP anomalies are generally
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Negative over ore bodies

Positive over ore bodies
Symmetric above ore bodies
Absent over the ore bodies

38. Electromagnetic Surveys give better results

(a) If the top surface layer is more conductive
(b) If the top surface layer is less conductive
(c) If the top surface layer is highly magnetic
(d) None of the above
39. Acoustic Impedance is defined as the
a. velocity/density
c) density/velocity

b) velocity-density
d) velocity X density

40. Velocity of S wave is

a) nearly equal to P wave velocity
c) nearly half of P wave velocity

b) higher than P wave velocity

d) none of the above

41. S waves
a. can pass through liquids
c. reflect at the water interface

b) cannot pass through liquids

d) none of the above

42. Particle motion in a P wave is

a. nil
b) perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
c) parallel to the direction of wave propagation
d) none of the above
43. Band Pass Filter
a. allows certain range of frequencies
b. rejects certain band of frequencies
c. allows low frequencies
d. allows high frequencies
44. If we use low energy seismic source
a. we get high penetration
b. we get refractions
c. we get more resolution
d. none of the above
45. Geophones are seismic signal detectors
a. on air
b) on land
c) in water
d) in the atmosphere
46. In general seismic velocities of different formations in oceanic crust
a. increase with depth
b) decrease with depth
c) do not change
d) none of the above
47. The perpendicular drawn to the direction of a wave propagation is called as
a. seismic disturbance
b) seismic signal
c) seismic ray path
d) none of the above
48. Critical angle is defined as
a. the angle of incidence at which refraction takes place along the interface
b. total reflection takes place
c) attenuation takes place
d) diffraction takes place
49. Velocity of sound wave in water is nearly equal to
a. 1100 m/sec
b) 1200 m/sec
c) 1500 m/sec
d) 2000 m/sec
50. When an earthquake occurs
a. S waves are first to reach an observatory
b) P waves are the first to reach an observatory
c) Surface reach the observatory first
d) No waves are recorded

51. Migration is a step in seismic data processing for

a. Eliminating the multiples
b) for correcting the effect of dipping layers on the angle of incidence
c) for filtering low frequency signals
d) none of the above
52. In oil exploration
a. Seismic refraction is most widely used
b) seismic reflection is mostly used
c) both have limited use
d) none of the above
53. For shallow applications in marine surveys
a. sub-bottom profiler is more preferable
b) air gun source is more preferable
c) Vibroseis is most commonly used
d) none of these methods are useful

Key
PES 104. Geophysical Exploration
Methods
1. c
2. c

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

d
c
c
d
d
c

9. c
10. c
11. c
12. a
13. b
14. b
15. c
16. d
17. d
18. c
19. b
20. c
21. a
22. d
23. b
24. c
25. b
26. a
27. d
28. d
29. a
30. d
31. b
32. c
33. a
34. b
35. b
36. b
37. a
38. b
39. d
40. c
41. b
42. c
43. a
44. c
45. b
46. a
47. c
48. a
49. c
50. b
51. b
52. b
53. a