Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Center for Advanced Materials and Smart Structures, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
b Department of Engineering and Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
c Padnos College of Engineering & Computing, School of Engineering, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49504, USA
Abstract
High specific modulus and high specific strength are the most required characteristics of the materials in the aerospace and defense structural
applications. Fibers in textile form exhibit good out-of-plane properties, and good fatigue and impact resistance. Additionally, they have better
dimensional stability and conformability. The variety of fabric architectures includes weaves, knits, and braids. Vacuum assisted resin transfer
molding (VARTM) is a low-cost closed molding process with the capability of producing complex parts. Before VARTM manufactured textile
composites can be confidently used in the primary structures, it is necessary to understand the damage mechanisms under various loadings especially
under impact and fatigue. This paper addresses tensioncompression fatigue performance of twill woven S2 glass/vinyl ester and plain-woven
S2 glass/epoxy thick composites for composite armored vehicle (CAV) applications. The stitch-bonded E glass/vinyl ester and woven roving E
glass/vinyl ester composites were investigated for naval applications under low velocity impact loadings.
2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Woven; Stitch bonded; VARTM; Impact; Fatigue
1. Introduction
The common textile composites are woven, braided, knitted,
stitch boded, and Z-pinned. Textile composites are being considered for primary structural applications where out-of-plane
properties are also important so that the structure can take up
the secondary loads due to load eccentricities, local buckling,
etc. In general, textile composites offer better dimensional stability over a large range of temperatures, better out-of-plane
properties, better impact resistance, subtle conformability, and
deep draw moldability/shapability.
In woven structure two or more sets of yarns, fibers, roving,
or filaments are interlaced where the elements pass each other
essentially at right angles and one set of elements is parallel
to the fabric axis which is referred to as a woven structure. A
roving is a collection of glass filaments put together with as
little twist as possible. Thus, a woven structure composed of
roving is usually known as a woven roving structure. On the
other hand, a structure produced by mechanically combining
Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 336 256 2406; fax: +1 336 256 1247.
E-mail address: kelkar@ncat.edu (A.D. Kelkar).
0921-5107/$ see front matter 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.mseb.2006.02.034
A.D. Kelkar et al. / Materials Science and Engineering B 132 (2006) 126128
127
Fig. 1. (a) Plain weave; (b) twill weave [1]; (c) E glass woven roving fabric; (d) E glass stitch-bonded fabric [2].
128
A.D. Kelkar et al. / Materials Science and Engineering B 132 (2006) 126128
Fig. 3. Failure patterns (R ratio = 1 and frequency = 1 Hz): (a) twill woven S2 glass/C50 composites [5] and (b) plain-woven S2 glass/SC-15 composites [4].
Fig. 4. Progressive damage of E glass/vinyl ester composites under low velocity impact loading [2]: (a) woven roving composite and (b) stitch-bonded composites.
References
[1] J.D. Whitcomb, X. Tang, Effect of tow architecture on stresses in woven
composites, 40th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural
Dynamics and Materials Conference, Collection of Technical Papers, vol.
3, 1999-1479 (A99-24601 05-39).
[2] V. Krishnan, A. Kelkar, K. Shivakumar, Comparative study of wovenroving and stitch-bonded composites under low velocity impact loads,
45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and
Materials Conference, Palm Springs, California, April 1922, 2004
(AIAA 2004-1930).
[3] A.D. Kelkar, J.S. Tate, Int. J. Manuf. Technol. Res. 1 (2004), http://www.
bitmesra.ac.in/jmtr/firstvolume.htm.
[4] A.D. Kelkar, S. Shenoy, X. Tang, Behavior of plain woven textile composites subjected to uniaxial tensile loading, 42nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/
ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and
Exhibit, Seattle, WA, April 1619, 2001.
[5] P. Chaphalkar, A.D. Kelkar, Semi-analytical modeling of progressive
damage in Twill woven textile composites, Recent Advances in Solids
and Structures, PVP-vol. 432, Proceedings of the ASME International
Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, November
1116, 2001.
[6] X. Tang, J.D. Whitcomb, A.D. Kelkar, Micromechanics analysis of nonlinear behavior in woven composites, Proceedings of the 16th Annual
Technical Conference, American Society for Composites, Blacksburg, VA,
September 912, 2001.