LCCAP Revised Edition

FOR A SELF-RELIANT, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTIVE AND DISASTER RESILIENT
COMMUNITY IN THE PROVINCE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL
LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................................................................... 3
MESSAGE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR ......................................................................................................... 4
LEGAL MANDATE ................................................................................................................................................. 5
THE FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................................... 6
BACKGROUND OF ALUBIJID MUNICIPALITY ................................................................................................ 8
1.
Physical and Environmental Profile .................................................................................................................................8
2.
Population and Demographics ........................................................................................................................................ 13
3.
Settlement Pattern and Housing .................................................................................................................................... 14
4.
Economic Trends ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 16

1.
History of Disaster in Alubijid ........................................................................................................................................... 16
2.
The Verum Terra Geoscience Incorporated Technical Report on the Result of 1:10,000
Geohazards Mapping & Assessment on the Municipality of Alubijid ......................................................... 17
3.
Vulnerability and Adaptability of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental ............................................................................. 19
4.
Vulnerability Assessment ................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.
6.
4.1.
Vulnerability Assessment Framework .................................................................................... 21
4.2.
Stakeholder Processes ............................................................................................................ 21
Exposure Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

5.1.
Historical Trends and Observed Changes ............................................................................ 23
5.3.
Bio-Physical Impacts Of Climate Change ............................................................................. 27
Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................ 29

6.1.
Social Sector .............................................................................................................................. 29
6.2.
Economic Sector ....................................................................................................................... 30
6.3.
Infrastructure Sector ................................................................................................................. 33
6.4.
Environment Sector .................................................................................................................. 34
6.5.
Institutional Sector .................................................................................................................... 35
6.6.
Summary of Sensitivity Drivers and Perceived Threat Level ............................................. 35
THE ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................................................................. 40

1. Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................................................... 40
a.
Goals ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
b.
Objectives................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
2. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. 41

a.
Adaptation Measures ........................................................................................................................................................... 41
b.
Mitigation Measures.............................................................................................................................................................. 42
5. Project Financing ........................................................................................................................................... 44

6. Plan Implementation ..................................................................................................................................... 45
7. Institutional Arrangements ........................................................................................................................... 46
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8. Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................................................... 48
LIST OF MAPS
Map 1. Barangay Locations of Alubijid Municipality ..................................................................................... 8
Map 2. 3D view looking Southwest showing topography and drainage network of Alubijid; ...................... 10
Map 3. Climate Map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas Classification ............................. 11
Map 4. Flood Hazard Map of Alubijid.......................................................................................................... 19
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Land Area by Barangay .................................................................................................................. 9
Table 2. Land Classification of Alubijid ......................................................................................................... 9
Table 3. Actual Land Use ............................................................................................................................. 9
Table 4. Household and Population Statistics Data ................................................................................... 13
Table 5. Landslide Parameters ................................................................................................................... 18
Table 6. Flood Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 18
Table 7. Seasonal temperature increases (in C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission
scenario in Misamis Oriental ....................................................................................................................... 26
Table 8. Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario. ..... 26
Table 9. Frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario. ........ 27
Table 10. List of Worst Typhoons that Affected Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. ............................................... 28
Table 11. Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production in Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. ............................ 31
Table 12. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Agriculture Sector. ........................................................ 32
Table 13. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Infrastructure. ................................................................ 33
Table 14. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Environment .................................................................. 34
Table 15. Sensitivity Drivers/Stressors Per Sector ..................................................................................... 35
Table 16. Perceived Threat Level Per Sector ............................................................................................. 36
Table 17. Perceived Level of Adaptive Capacity Per Sector ...................................................................... 38
Table 18. Relative Vulnerability Per Sector ................................................................................................ 39
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Integrated Framework on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation ..........................................7
Figure 2. Number of Affected Families ....................................................................................................... 16
Figure 3. Number of Damaged Properties .................................................................................................. 16
Figure 4. Number of Damaged Crops Per Area ......................................................................................... 17
Figure 5. Staged Vulnerability Analysis ...................................................................................................... 22
Figure 6. Relative Vulnerability Score Guide .............................................................................................. 22
Figure 7. Tropical cyclone occurrence/passage within the Philippine Area of Responsibility during the
1948-2010 period. ....................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 8. Trend analysis of tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds of 150kph and above
(typhoon category) during the 1971-2010 period). ..................................................................................... 24
Figure 9. Decadal changes in intense tropical cyclone occurrence in the three main islands in the
Philippines (1951-2000). ............................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 10. Trends in the frequency of days with maximum temperature above the 1971-2000 mean 99th
percentile. ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 11. Trends in the frequency of days with minimum temperature below the 1971-2000 mean 1st
percentile. ................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 12. Trends in extreme daily rainfall intensity in the Philippines (1951-2008) compared with the
1971-2000 mean values. ............................................................................................................................ 25
Figure 13. Trends of extreme daily rainfall frequency in the Philippines (1951-2008) compared with the
1971-2000 mean value. .............................................................................................................................. 25
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ABBREVIATIONS
AC
BDRRMC
BFAR
BFP
BGY
BPO
CC
CCC
CSO
DA
DENR
DILG
DOTC
DPWH
DRRM
DRRMO
GSR
HAS
HH
IEC
IRA
LCCAP
LDRRMF
LFT
LGU
MBO
MEO
MGB
MHO
MLGOO
MPDO
MSWDO
NCCAP
NFSCC
NGO
NIA
OAS
OTOP
PAGASA
PAR
PCIC
PDRRMA
PNP
PO
PPA
PWD
RIL
TWG
UNFCCC
VAA
Adaptive Capacity
Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committee
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Bureau of Fire Protection
Barangay
Barangay Population Officer
Climate Change
Climate Change Commission
Civic Society Organization
Department of Agriculture
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Department of Interior and Local Government
Department of Transportation and Communication
Deparment of Public Works and Highways
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
Green Super Rice
Hectares
Households
Information and Education Campaign
Internal Revenue Allotment
Local Climate Change Action Plan
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund
Local Farm Technicians
Local Governmetn Unit
Municipal Budget Officer
Municipal Engineering Officer
Mines and Geosciences Bureau
Municipal Health Officer
Municipal Local Government Operation Officer
Municipal Planning and Development Officer
Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
National Climate change Action Plan
National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
Non-Government Organization
National Irrigation Administration
Office of the Agricultural Services
One Town One Product
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration
Philippine Area of Responsibility
Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act
Philippine National Police
People's Organization
Philippine Ports Administration
Persons With Disabilities
Rain Induced Landslides
Technical Working Group
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
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MESSAGE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR
Climate Change is upon us. Global warming, green-house gas emissions, carbon
footprints, storm surge, el nio phenomenon and the like are weather related
terminologies no longer strange to us. In cadence with the times, legislative enactments
were pursued to prepare vulnerable localities into climate-risk resilient and climateadaptive communities. Thus, the local government units are directed to formulate
framework strategies and action plans toward adaptation and mitigation of adverse
effects of weather-induced disasters.
This work is the end-result of the collaborative efforts of all concerned offices,
spearheaded by the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(MDRRMO), and with the guidance from the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Council (MDRRMC).
May this be used as a guide, and at the same time, an action plan for a more
safe and progressive Alubijid.
Alvin Giovanni A. Labis

Municipal Mayor
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LEGAL MANDATE
Republic Act No. 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009, as amended by R.A. 10174 (Peoples Survival Fund
Act of 2012), and R.A. 10121 (Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010), require
climate and disaster-proofing of all government policies, plans and programs for the prevention of acute
and chronic disasters.1 They were passed and enacted in response to the urgency for action on climate
change.
The Climate Change Act of 2009 is anchored on the constitutional provision which states that it is the policy
of the State to afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current
and future generations. 2
It also provides, among others the following:
Establishment of a Climate Change Commission, an independent and autonomous body that has the
same status as that of a national government agency. The CCC is under the Office of the President
and is the sole policy-making body of the government which shall be tasked to coordinate, monitor and
evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the
provisions of this Act.3
The Commission shall be composed of the President of the Republic of the Philippines who shall serve
as the Chairman, and three (3) Commissioners to be appointed by the President, one of whom shall
serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Commission. 4
The LGUs as frontline agencies in the formulation, planning and implementation of climate change
action plans in their respective areas, shall formulate their Local Climate Change Action Plan, consistent
with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the National Climate Change
Action Plan.5
Inter-local government unit collaboration shall be maximized in the conduct of climate- related
activities.6
LGU Guidebook on the Formulation of Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) Book 2
The National Climate Change Action Plan 2011 - 2028
3 R.A. 7279, Section 4
4 Id, Section 5
5 Id, Section 14
6 Id, Section 14
1
2
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THE FRAMEWORK
The National Framework Strategy on Climate Change (NFSCC) was adopted in April 2010 with the following
Guiding Principles (Office of the President - Climate Change Commission 2010): 7
1. The Framework envisions a climate risk-resilient Philippines with healthy, safe, prosperous and selfreliant communities, and thriving and productive ecosystems.
2. The goal is to build the adaptive capacity of communities and increase the resilience of natural
ecosystems to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities towards sustainable development.
3. The Philippines, as a State Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), is committed to its core principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and
respective capabilities.
4. The precautionary principle guides the States climate change framework and shall take precautionary
measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and its adverse effects.
Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be
used as a reason for postponing such measures.
5. The Framework is risk-based, and strategies/activities shall be formulated, with decisions made based
on the causes, magnitude and impact of risks.
6. Climate change knowledge is science-based, and shall draw from scientific contributions and best
practices from communities taking into considerations local circumstances.
7. The national priorities, and therefore, the pillars, of the National Framework Strategy on Climate Change
shall be adaptation and mitigation, with an emphasis on adaptation as the anchor strategy. Whenever
applicable, mitigation actions shall also be pursued as a function of adaptation.
8. Adaptation measures shall be based on equity, in accordance with common but differentiated
responsibility; special attention must be given to ensure equal and equitable protection of the poor,
women, children and other vulnerable and disadvantaged sectors.
9. Even with inadequate scientific information, anticipatory adaptation measures should be undertaken to
prevent or minimize the causes and potential impacts of climate change, whenever necessary.
10. The Framework adopts the Philippine Agenda for Sustainable Development, to fulfill human needs
while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations.
11. The principle of complementation shall be observed to ensure that climate change initiatives by one
sector do not restrict the adaptation of other sectors.
12. The Framework recognizes the roles of agencies and their respective mandates as provided by law.
The Framework also recognizes the principle of subsidiarity and the role of local governments as frontliners in addressing climate change.
13. The Framework recognizes the value of forming multi-stakeholder participation and partnerships in
climate change initiatives, including partnerships with civil society, the private sector and local
governments, and especially with indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups most vulnerable
to climate change impacts.
The National Climate Change Action Plan 2011 - 2028

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14. Policy and incentive mechanisms to facilitate private sector participation in addressing adaptation and
mitigation objectives shall be promoted and supported.
Figure 1. Integrated Framework on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
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EMISSONS AND
CONCENTRATIONS
Greenhouse gases
Aerosols
CLIMATE CHANGE
Temperature rise
Sea-level rise
Precipitation change
Droughts and Flood
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT PATHS
Economic growth
Technology
Population
Governance
IMPACTS ON HUMAN
AND NATURAL
SYSTEMS
Food and Water
resources
Ecosystem and
Biodiversity
Human Settlements
Human Healths
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
BACKGROUND OF ALUBIJID MUNICIPALITY

1. Physical and Environmental Profile
1.1. Location
Alubijid is a fourth (4th) class municipality in the province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. It has a
central coordinates of 83422.8 Latitudes and 1242826.4 Longitudes and a total area of
approximately 8,400 hectares or 114.56 square kilometers1. It consists of 16 barangays namely
Baybay, Benigwayen, Calatcat, Lagtang, Lanao, Loguillo, Lourdes, Lumbo, Molocboloc, Poblacion
(Alubijid proper), Sampatulog, Sungay, Talaba, Taparak, Tugasnon, and Tula.
Map 1. Barangay Locations of Alubijid Municipality
Source: Verum Terra Geoscience Inc.
1.2. Accessibility
Alubijid is accessible from Manila by daily commercial flights to Cagayan De Oro City thru Laguindingan
International Airport. From Laguindingan Airport, it takes only half hour to travel by any motor vehicles.
The distance from the airport to Alubijid town proper is approximately 8 kms.
It is landlocked by the municipalities of Laguindingan and El Salvador on its northwest, west, south and
eastern boundaries. A portion of the town faces the Macajalar Bay.
1.3. Land Area Classification
The municipality covers a total land area of 11,456 hectares which is about 2.95% of the total land area
of Misamis Oriental. The farthest barangay of Tula occupies the biggest area of 1,996 hectares or
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17.45% and its adjoining Barangay Tugasnon with 1,786 hectares ranked second. Barangay Baybay
with 140 hectares and Barangay Poblacion with 165 hectares have the lowest land area.
Table 1. Land Area by Barangay
Baybay
LAND AREA
(IN HAS.)
140
Benigwayan
595
Calatcat
324
Lagtang
249
Lanao
321
Loguilo
289
BARANGAY
Lumbo
516
Lourdes
1,519
Molocboloc
223
Poblacion
165
Sampatulog
614
Sungay
956
Talaba
392
Taparak
1,371
Tugasnon
1,786
Tula
1,996
TOTAL
11,456
Baybay
1%
Benigwayan
5%
Calatcat
3%
Tula
17%
Tugasnon
16%
Lagtang
2%
Lanao
3% Loguilo
3%
Lumbo
5%
Lourdes
13%
Taparak
12%
Talaba
3%
Sungay
8%
Molocboloc
2%
Poblacion
1%
Sampatulog
5%
Source : DENR, 1999
Of the total land area, six thousand ninety hectares (6,090.04) which is 53.16% are alienable and
disposable; four thousand seven hundred fifty one hectares (4,751.78) which is 41.48% are classified
forest land while six hundred fourteen hectares (614.18) which is 5.36% are unclassified forest land.
Most of the alienable and disposable lands are located in twelve (12) low lying barangays while
classified and unclassified forest lands are situated in the four (4) upland barangays.
Table 2. Land Classification of Alubijid
DESCRIPTION
AREA
(HAS.)
Alienable & Disposal Land
6,096.04
Classified Forest Land
4,751.78
Unclassified Forest Land
614.18
TOTAL
Source : MPDC, 2000
Classified
Forest Land
42%
Unclassified
Forest Land
5%
Alienable &
Disposal
Land
53%
11,456
Table 3. Actual Land Use

ACTUAL USE
AREA (IN HECTARES)
AGRICULTURAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Coconut
Corn
Rice
Tobacco
Orchard
LCCAP CORE TEAM
TOTAL LAND AREA (IN

HECTARES)
7,932.2120
3,330.6834
4,145.8517
112.8324
330.3094
42.5351

RESIDENTIAL
Residential Lots
Residential Buildings
COMMERCIAL
AQUA-CULTURAL
1. Fishponds
2. Salt Beds
TIMBER/FOREST/PASTURE
TOTAL LAND AREA UTILIZATION
Source : MPDC, 2000
1.
2.
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1

41.8435
41.2107
0.6238
7.2426
229.0201
169.9288
59.4913
2389.6818
11,456.000
2. Topography and Drainage

The municipality of Alubijid sits on the gently rolling terrain with small hills and mounds. It has some
limestone cliffs near the coastal areas towards Poblacion and inland barangays towards southwest
rises up as a soft plateau and leveled ridges. Caballero Mountain is the highest peak in the area,
attaining an elevation of 500masl. 8
Map 2. 3D view looking Southwest showing topography and drainage network of Alubijid; Yellow lines is the
municipal boundary of Alubijid.
Source: Verum Terra Geoscience Inc.
The drainage pattern in the area displays dendritic form as it flows out from the Caballero mountain range. Alubijid
River is the principal drainage flowing north-eastwards to Mindanao Sea.9
3. Vegetation
Most of the low slopes and flat lands of Alubijid is planted with agricultural products such as coconut,
corn, palay, banana and other vegetable and root crops, especially along the floodplains of Alubijid
River. Secondary growth trees, cogon grasses and shrubs cover the small hills and ridges of the
municipality. 10
VERUM TERRA GEOSCIENCE INC.TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE RESULT OF 1:10,000 GEOHAZARDS MAPPING & ASSESSMENT,
CLUSTER 9
9 ibid
10 Ibid
8
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4. Climate
The province is geographically situated below the typhoon belt. The climate map of the Philippines
based on the modified coronas classification shows that the climate of the area falls under Type IV.
A type IV climate has rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. More pronounced
rains are experienced during the months of May to October and becomes less to dry during the months
of November to April.11
Map 3. Climate Map of the Philippines based on the Modified Coronas Classification
DESCRIPTION
TYPE I two pronounced season, dry from
November to April and wet during the rest of
the year. Maximum rain period is from June to
September.
TYPE II no dry season with a very
pronounced maximum rain period from
December to February. There is not a single
dry month. Minimum monthly rainfall occurs
during the period from March to May.
TYPE III no very pronounced maximum rain
period with a dry season lasting only from one
to three months, either during the period from
December to February or from March to May.
This type resembles types I since it has a
short dry season.
TYPE IV rainfall is more or less evenly
distributed throughout the year. This type
resembles type 2 since it has no dry season.
5. Hydrology
5.1. Surface Water Hydrology
Alubijid River is classified as one of the eleven (11) big water resources in the province of Misamis
Oriental which has a volumatic discharge rate of 6,610.43 liters per second in its upper streams in
Barangay Tula and a discharge rate of 2,818.04 liters in its lower streams in Barangay Lourdes. Its total
length is 32.8 kilometers that dissects the municipality from Barangay Tula down to Barangay Baybay
where it feds to Macajalar Bay. It has a total drainage area of 120 hectares and presently considered
as a living water resource where its riverhead lies 30 degrees southwest of Pobalcion, Alubijid. Thirty
Seven (37) creeks/springs feds into Alubijid river.
11
supra
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5.2. Ground Water Hydrology

In Misamis Oriental, 12% of the total ground water resources belonged to shallow well area which
include the Municipality of Alubijid. This means that the groundwater is accessed by shallow wells of
less than 20 meters depth and the water level is generally less than 6 meters below the ground level.
The abundance of ground water in the municipality is influenced by geography, geomorphology,
topography, wind systems, vegetative cover and forest cover.
6. Geology12
6.1. Regional Structures
The western portion of the Misamis Oriental-Bukidnon and Lanao region is dissected by northeastsouthwest fault with dips ranging from 70 degrees SE to almost vertical. This fault is dated Miocene.
A post upper Miocene thrust fault is also a major structure which is displayed by the serpentinite rock
units being thrusted over older schist throughout the region.
The eastern portion which constitutes the plateau is dominantly composed of younger sediments
marked by several structural benches implying gradual uplift. Intermittent volcanism in the region was
active due to the presence of volcanic fragments within the sedimentary formations.
Based on published map of Philippine Institute of Volcanology, at least three major active faults are
mapped: Tagoloan Fault as manifested by north-western trending Tagoloan River, Cabanglasan Fault,
which is reflected by Cabulig Canyon, and the Central Mindanao Fault which trends parallel to the
Philippine Fault that is projected to run from Gigoog down to Tagum, Davao del Norte. These faults are
believed to be splays of the Philippine Fault System.
Alubijid Fault trending NNE along the Alubijid river traverse this municipality.
7. River System and Watershed
7.1. River System
There is only one major river in the Municipality of Alubijid: the Alubijid river. The upstream thereof
serves as a potable water supply for the municipality. The said river traverses barangays of Tula,
Sungay, Taparak, Lourdes, Benigwayan, and Poblacion. The mouth thereof ends in between the coast
of Barangay Baybay and Loguilo.
7.2. Watershed
Lake Danao, located in Mt. Salumayagon (the highest mountain range of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental), is
the lone watershed area in Western Misamis Oriental. It is bounded on the west and south by Naawan;
on the east by El Salvador. The said watershed can be access by foot from Barangay Tula traversing
Mt. Salumayagon or by 4 x 4 vehicle from Tuod, Manticao.
It is the main source of potable water of the municipality including the neighboring municipalities of
Naawan, Manticao, Initao, Gitagum, El Salvador City and Opol.
VERUM TERRA GEOSCIENCE INC.TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE RESULT OF 1:10,000 GEOHAZARDS MAPPING & ASSESSMENT,
CLUSTER 9
12
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2. Population and Demographics13

Based on the latest survey conducted by the Barangay Population Officer, it reveals that the total population
of the municipality is already 32,661 individuals or 7,242 households. There are seven (7) urbanized
barangays, namely: Baybay, Lanao, Loguilo, Lourdes, Lumbo, Molocboloc and Poblacion. These are the
most populated area in the municipality comprising of at least 50% of the population. Among them,
Poblacion gains the highest population rate totaling to 4,196 individuals.
NO. OF POPULATION
Table 4. Household and Population Statistics Data

BARANGAY
TOTAL POPULATION
Baybay
Benigwayan
Calatcat
Lagtang
Lanao
Loguilo
Lourdes
Lumbo
Molocboloc
Poblacion
Sampatulog
Sungay
Talaba
Taparak
Tugasnon
Tula
TOTAL
2,066
830
1,421
1,510
2,035
3,271
3,167
1,896
1,136
4,196
2,127
2,345
1,243
2,077
2,452
949
32,661
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
TOTAL NUMBER OF
PUROKS
7
7
7
6
8
6
7
9
7
9
8
10
7
7
8
7
120
TOTAL NUMBER OF
HOUSEHOLDS
476
205
312
341
468
664
725
432
257
957
482
475
271
405
579
193
7,242
4,196
3,271 3,167
2,066
2,035
2,127
1,896
1,421 1,510
2,345
2,452
1,243
1,136
830
2,077
949
No. of households
1200
1000
957
800
600
400
200
664
476
205
312
341
468
725
482
432
257
579
475
271
405
193
Sources: Barangay Population Officer, 2015

13
Comprehensive Land Use Plan, 2011-2020

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3. Settlement Pattern and Housing14

The Municipality of Alubijid has a total population of 32,661 and occupies a total land area of 11,456
hectares. It has a population density of 2.8 persons per hectare and an average of 5 household size.
NO. OF
POPULATION
BARANGAY
(RANKINGS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
4,196
Poblacion
Baybay
Loguilo
Lanao
Lumbo
Lagtang
Molocboloc
Calatcat
Sampatulog
Talaba
Sungay
Taparak
Benigwayan
Tugasnon
Lourdes
Tula
TOTAL
Sampatulog
4%
2,066
3,271
2,035
3,167
1,510
1,136
1,421
2,127
1,243
2,345
2,077
830
2,452
1,896
949
32,721
Sungay
3%
Talaba
3%
Taparak Tugasnon
1%
2%
LAND AREA
POPULATION DENSITY
(IN HECTARES)
(POPULATION/HECTARES)
165
140
289
321
516
249
223
324
614
392
956
1,371
595
1,786
1,519
1,996
11,456
25.43
14.76
11.32
6.34
6.14
6.06
5.09
4.39
3.46
3.17
2.45
1.51
1.39
1.37
1.25
0.48
2.86
Tula
1%
Baybay
16%
Benigwayan
1%
Calatcat
5%
Lagtang
6%
Poblacion
27%
Lanao
7%
Loguilo
12%
Molocboloc
5%
Lourdes
1%
Lumbo
6%
BPO survey of 2015 revealed that a total of 7,242 housing units are occupied, 1,071 (15%) housing units
are made of concrete materials, 1,879 (26%) are semi concrete materials, 3,137 (43%) are wooden, and
1,155 (16%) are made-shift or barong-barong housing units.
14
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In each of the housing units, 6,505 units (90%) have water sealed type toilets, 119 units (2%) still use the
open pit type of toilet facilities, and 601 units (8%) have no toilet facilities at all.
As far as source of drinking water is concerned, 90% or 5,111 households have access to a community
piped water system; 381 HH or 5% source their water from artesian and deep wells; 352 HH or 5% get their
water from open shallow dry wells and springs; and 1,475 HH or 20% are getting from water refilling stations.
In terms of garbage disposal system majority of the HHs, that is 3,790 or 52% burn their garbage; total of
626 or 9% have their garbage collected; 798 or 11% dump garbage anywhere; 427 or 6% practice
composting and 61 or .99% dump garbage in an open pit.
A total of 5768 or 93.35% households use electricity while 411 or 6.65% households are still unserved by
electricity and use kerosene, LPG, oil and other types of lighting material.
Illegal constructions of houses are observed in roads right of ways, abandoned roads and foreshore area
of the coastal barangays and in the setbacks along the Alubijid river banks and other major creeks. Legal
easement in the shoreline of barangay Loguilo has been utilized as private resorts land has presented the
easing access of fishermen to dock their fishing boats. Besides it has posed danger to lives and properties
of the residents in these areas.
Records do not show presence of squatters and dominant locations of blighted areas in the municipality.
In Barangay Poblacion, there are several boarding houses and some houses for rent for students in the
secondary and tertiary levels coming from other municipalities/ provinces.
4. Economic Trends15
The economy of the municipality is still predominantly agricultural. But its agricultural productivity cannot
meet the basic demand for food at the household level. For instance, using the standards of kilo calorie per
capita requirement per day for cereals, the production for rice and corn is short by almost 50%. This means
that the municipality is not food sufficient, though there are still potential lands either idle or underutilized.
Underutilized lands of 630 hectares are actually planted with one long term crop like coconut but can still
be diversified and integrated with other short term crops like cassava and vegetables. About 100 hectares
are estimated to have been cultivated for vegetables and other short term crops.
The municipality is still short way behind in terms of poultry and fish products. In fish production about 12
hectares of mangroves are expected to be rehabilitated in the three coastal barangays. Planting shall be
intensified of 7 has.
Commerce is still confined to small sari sari store and flea market activities. Though recently, the
construction of factories and airport in El Salvador and Laguindingan municipalities respectively brought
some congestions in the Alubijid Public Market during flea market hours in the afternoon. Bigger public
market and an ISO standard for public abattoir is inevitably needed in the next year.
Beach resorts along the coasts of Barangay Loguilo and Baybay Mangrove Boardwalk and Eco-Tourism
cottages have generated employment opportunities among the locales residing within the said site and
raised revenues to barangay government units coming from entrance and rents of cottages. Mountain resort
in Barangay Taparak and Tula has already generated local tourists and backpackers.
15
Comprehensive Land Use Plan, 2011-2020

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SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
1. History of Disaster in Alubijid
There were four (4) typhoons that brought devastation to the municipality. These were Typhoon Auring in
January 11, 2009; Typhoon Pablo in December 4, 2012; Typhoon Yolanda in November 7, 2013; and
Typhoon Agaton in January 10, 201416.
Among the four (4) typhoons that struck Alubijid, the worst was Typhoon Auring. It affected and displaced
a total of 2,105 families (8,780 individuals). Around 254 houses and at least 12 infrastructures both from
government and private were damaged. Most of all, a total of Php43,280,688.00 worth of crops were lost.
Such devastation was last experienced fifty (50) years ago by the old folks/residents of Alubijid.
Figure 2. Number of Affected Families
BARANGAY
NUMBER OF FAMILIES
AFFECTED
NUMBER OF FAMILY
MEMBERS
NUMBER OF
EVACUEES
(FAMILIES)
NUMBER OF
EVACUEES
(PERSONS)
1.
BAYBAY
372
1488
200
790
2.
BENIGWAYAN
109
530
3.
CALATCAT
35
175
4.
LAGTANG
42
84
5.
LANAO
56
224
6.
LOGUILO
491
1964
40
171
7.
LOURDES
262
1310
8.
LUMBO
16
9.
MOLOCBOLOC
50
250
350
1400
54
265
11. SAMPATULOG
37
185
36
12. SUNGAY
100
385
13. TALABA
14. TAPARAK
144
528
15. TULA
41
205
16. TUGASNON
36
2105
8780
302
1262
10. POBLACION
TOTAL
Figure 3. Number of Damaged Properties

BARANGAY
16
TOTAL
DAMAGED
HOUSES
PARTIAL
DAMAGED
HOUSES
DAMAGED GOVERNMENT
INFRASTRUCTURES
DAMAGED PRIVATE
INFRASTRUCTURES
1.
BAYBAY
16
2.
BENIGWAYAN
3.
CALATCAT
4.
LAGTANG
5.
LANAO
6.
LOGUILO
66
39
7.
LOURDES
16
24
8.
LUMBO
9.
MOLOCBOLOC
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

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10. POBLACION
11. SAMPATULOG
13
12. SUNGAY
12
13. TALABA
14. TAPARAK
15. TULA
14
16. TUGASNON
149
105
TOTAL
Figure 4. Number of Damaged Crops Per Area

BARANGAY
COCONUT
(has.)
PAPAYA
(has.)
BANANA
(has.)
VEGETABLE
(has.)
ROOTCROPS
(has.)
CORN
(has.)
RICE
(has.)
FRUIT
TREES
(has.)
1.
BAYBAY
2.
BENIGWAYAN
20.9
3.
CALATCAT
4.
LAGTANG
5.
LANAO
1.4
6.
LOGUILO
64
7.
LOURDES
0.5
6.5
10
11.99
81.35
24
8.
LUMBO
1.5
9.
MOLOCBOLOC
10. POBLACION
3.35
12.9
8.3
11. SAMPATULOG
2.5
1.24
30.3
12. SUNGAY
0.4
12.47
13. TALABA
14. TAPARAK
0.5
11
9.95
46.31
1.5
19.87
15
39
32
206
127
15. TULA
16. TUGASNON
TOTAL
The same happened in Typhoon Pablo and all other typhoons but the damage and loss were already
mitigated due to the early warning system instituted and implemented by the local government unit and
local communities. Response and Emergency Team, Relief Goods Operation, Communication System and
Incident Command System were already organized and institutionalized.
Rehabilitation and Recovery efforts were introduced thereafter such as repairs of government
infrastructures (i.e. government buildings, farm to market road, bridge, water connection, irrigation canals)
and relocation of displaced residents. Currently, there are three (3) major relocation sites each located in
Sungay, Lanao and Lourdes.
Capacity building initiatives were also organized to train basic emergency skills to local communities as part
of the preparation for further disaster response.
2. The Verum Terra Geoscience Incorporated Technical Report on the Result of 1:10,000
Geohazards Mapping & Assessment on the Municipality of Alubijid
A geological hazard and mapping assessment was conducted by a field survey team composed of
geologists hired by Verum Terra Geoscience Incorporated in 2013. The said corporation was contracted by
the Mines and Geoscience Bureau to conduct the said assessment in line with the latters objective to
lessen the risks of the people to geological hazards, such as landslide and flooding. Their work includes (1)
identifying the presence and type of geohazards within the barangay, particularly landslide and flooding, (2)
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generate susceptibility maps containing the location of barangay, road network, schools, hospitals and
prominent feature within the assessed barangay, (3) identify relocation and evacuation sites and (4) provide
LGU threat advisory informing the results of the mapping and assessment.
Their work was limited to describing geophysical features based on terrain (and slope), rock type and
degree of weathering, soil thickness, structures especially in relation to visible landslides and/or mass
movements. For flood hazards, depth of flooding and type, duration of inundation, frequency and causes
are among the parameters being determined during the conduct of survey. This was often accompanied by
interviews with local residents in the affected community.
All information was gathered using field data sheets provided by Mines and Geosciences Bureau. It also
contained coordinates of the observation points, date of survey, and name of geologist conducting the
survey. A hand held GPS was used to determine location of observation points.
No detailed geotechnical analysis was conducted during the survey as the time provided for the survey was
limited. Furthermore, there was no 1:10,000 scale topographic based map provided or available at NAMRIA.
Hence, the base map used was a blown-up version of the 1:50,000 scale topographic map of Alubijid. The
interpreted susceptibility maps also used raster or spot images purchased from NAMRIA which also has a
spatial resolution of 10m. Additional data were also derived from the freeware version Google Earth Satellite
Map.
However, based on the parameters set by Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), the landslide and flood
susceptibility maps generated by this survey have been validated to be in accordance with such parameters.
The following were the parameters:
Table 5. Landslide Parameters
SUSCEPTIBILITY
PARAMETERS
SLOPE
GRADIENT
SOIL
CHARACTERISTICS
ROCK
MASS
STRENGTH
Low
low to moderate
(less than 18
degrees
slight to moderate
very good to
good
Moderate
moderate to
steep (18 to 35
degrees)
moderate
fair
High
steep to very
steep (more
than 35
degrees)
intense; soil usually

non-cohesive
poor to very
poor
Very High
steep to very
steep (more
than 35
degrees)
intense; soil usually

non-cohesive
poor to very
poor
GROUND
STABILITY
stable with no
identified
landslide scars
soil creep and
other indications
for possible
landslide
occurrence are
present
inactive
landslides
evident; tension
cracks present
active landslides
evident; tension
cracks, bulges,
terracettes,
seepage
present
HUMAN
INITIATED
EFFECTS
none
none
none
May be an
aggravating
factor
Table 6. Flood Parameters

SUSCEPTIBILITY
PARAMETERS
FLOOD
HEIGHT
FLOOD
DURATION
LANDFORM
FEATURE
DRAINAGE
DENSITY
PRONE TO
FLASHFLOOD
Low
areas likely to
experience
flood heights of
less than .5
meter
areas likely to
experience
flooding of less
than 1 day
low hills and

gentle slopes
sparse to
moderatelyspaced drainage
no
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Moderate
areas likely to
experience
flood heights of
.5 meter to 1
meter
areas likely to
experience
flooding of 1 to 3
days
High
areas likely to
experience
flood heights of
1 meter to 2
meters
areas likely to
experience
flooding of more
than 3 days
Very High
areas likely to
experience
flood heights
greater than 2
meters
areas likely to
experience
flooding of more
than 3 days
(2016 2030)
fluvial terraces,
alluvial fans and
in-filled valleys
topographic lows
(active and
abandoned river
channels) and
areas along river
banks
topographic lows
(active and
abandoned river
channels) and
areas along river
banks
Revised Version 1.1
moderatelyspaced drainage
no
closely-spaced
drainage
no
closely-spaced
drainage
yes
Based on the aforesaid parameters, they have identified the barangays that are critical areas to be
monitored for landslide and flooding events. They have found Barangays Tula, Sungay and Taparak to be
situated on a susceptible to very susceptible landslide areas while Barangays Tugasnon, Lourdes, Talaba,
Sampatulog, Benigwayan, Poblacion, Lagtang and Calatcat are located within moderate to high susceptible
landslide area.
Map 4. Flood Hazard Map of Alubijid
Flood prone areas are Barangays Molocboloc,

Lumbo, Lanao, and Loguilo are within moderate to
high susceptibility to flooding (rare and seasonal).
Barangay Baybay situated near the coast has very
high susceptibility to flooding. It is mainly attributed to
the following factors, namely:
Continuous or heavier rains that accumulate in

low-lying areas with poor drainage capacity in the
municipality.
Overflowing waters from rivers and tributaries

from local or upland rains.
Tidal changes in the waters of Macajalar Bay.

Heavy rains are usually associated with
typhoons, monsoons or low pressure area.
Based on the flood hazard map (see Map 4) prepared

by the Local Government Unit of Alubijid, Misamis
Oriental, the barangays located alongside the
riverbanks and coastline remains prone to flooding.
3. Vulnerability and Adaptability of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental

Initiatives on the formulation of the Local Climate Change Action Plan of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental began
with the formation of the LCCAP Core Team thru an Executive Order issued by the Municipal Mayor. The
said team is composed of Ms. Erna V. Marba Municipal Budget Office, Mr. Jose J. Camensi Municipal
Planning and Development Coordinator, Mr. Othello Pacamalan MENRO Designate, Ms. Marlene V.
Pahunang MLGOO and Tristan Lindsey K. Ares MDRRMO. Thereafter, a workshop was conducted for
the formulation of the said action plan facilitated by the Department of Interior and Local Government
Regional Office 10 on September 1 4, 2015 at the VIP Hotel in Cagayan de Oro City. Among others, a
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Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VAA), an evaluation based on a learning-by-doing strategy,

was conducted during the said workshop to enable the LGU and the local sectors to better understand and
factor in climate-related risks in development planning.
In order to provide a supplement basis for rationalized development decisions, the VAA specifically sought
to elucidate the following:
The level of climate risk that the municipality is exposed to,
The factors that are inherent to rural elements and the system that predisposes them to risks,
How well these factors are currently being managed, and
Whether these efforts are sufficient to cushion future impacts.
This VAA contains a multi-sector view of the hazards and impacts of climate change on Alubijid, Misamis
Oriental, and the perceived level of threat to the development potential of the municipality. Crossreferencing this threat with existing initiatives to avert adverse impacts of these hazards, the VAA also
describes the adaptation and disaster risk-reduction measures that the municipality will be pursuing.
The DILG had assisted the LCCAP Core Team in identifying the chain of impacts of climate change in their
concerned sector, the elements at risk and the drivers of these risks, and present policies and actions that
directly or indirectly address these drivers. All these describe the underlying causes of vulnerability, pointing
to gaps in adaptive capacity, degree of sensitivity of sectors, and magnitude of impacts.
The said activity focuses on climate-related risks, namely: flooding, typhoons, and drought. Strong winds,
storm surge in the coastal area and rain-induced landslides (RIL) in the upland areas are already included
as one of the impact of typhoon. Geologic hazards like liquefaction, earthquakes and tsunamis identified in
the workshops are treated as pre-existing conditions that further increase sensitivity or susceptibility to
climate risks and maybe integrated further by the municipality in updating our local plan.
The VAA of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental focused on the following climate change impacts, which the
stakeholders collectively perceived:
Flooding An overflow of bodies of water leading to the temporary inundation of areas not
normally submerged as a result of rainfall variability and typhoons.
Typhoons Strong cyclones in the West Pacific indicated by severe winds. It includes the
presence of strong winds, strong winds and rain-induced landslides.
Drought An extreme increase in temperature.
The sectors assessed, on the other hand, refers to the traditional sectors that make up local development
and land use plans, namely:
Social Population and demographic characteristics and basic social services that include
health, education, housing, and protective services.
Economic Major economic systems, such: as agriculture, industry/manufacturing, servicebased economic activities, and tourism, including the enabling services that facilitate the
functions of these systems.
Infrastructure Accessibility and utility support infrastructure, such as transport, water and
power supply, telecommunications, waste management facilities, and other strategic
infrastructure supporting all sector functions resulting from government mandates.
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Environment The natural environment, including ecosystems, critical habitats, and protected
areas. Environment also includes natural resource management practices and initiatives of the
public sector.
Institutional The organization and management, local fiscal administration and institutional
linkages of the Local Government Unit of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental.
The outputs made in the LCCAP formulation workshop, particularly the VAA of Alubijid, Misamis
Oriental are neither exhaustive nor conclusive as the inputs generated through the workshops are
mostly perception-based, with only a few having some empirical backing. In the absence of information
on the probability of occurrence of the identified hazards, the assessment focused on current relative
vulnerability.
4. Vulnerability Assessment
4.1. Vulnerability Assessment Framework
The key components of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VAA) done by the LCCAP Core
Team are the evaluation of the municipalitys relative vulnerability17 to various climate-related hazards,
focusing on the three determinants that show the specific hazards and systems affected, to wit:
a) Exposure - the degree of climate stress upon a particular unit of and may be characterized as
a long-term change in climate conditions, or changes in climate variability, including the
magnitude and frequency of extreme events focusing on the municipality. These determinants
are indicated by empirical data on regional climate variability.
b) Sensitivity refers to the degree to which systems are affected and refers to characteristics
inherent to the system, or those factors and conditions that predispose an element or the
system to risks. It is the level of impacts of climate-induced, natural, and human-made hazards
affecting various systems in a municipality.
This refer largely to the physical and socio-economic attributes of exposed elements like
people, places, and institutions.
c) Adaptive capacity refers to the ability of ecological, social or economic systems to adjust to
climate change, variability and extremes, as well as moderate or offset potential damages, and
take advantage of associated opportunities (IPCC 2007). It also implies the ability to anticipate
hazard or perturbation (UNDP 2010). It determines whether the system absorbs changes
without damage or whether these changes will lead to negative consequences. 18
It demonstrates the municipalitys planned actions to climate change. This determinant zeroes
in on mostly planned measures that directly or indirectly mitigate or temper the impacts of
climate change which is an integral to long-term system adjustments or adaptation. This
assessment examined the present measures and how these would likely fare with increased
risks due to changes in exposure and/or sensitivity factors.
4.2. Stakeholder Processes
A workshop with representatives from the local government unit of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental, was
conducted to facilitate a staged vulnerability analysis. Relative vulnerability was measured through a
composite-score, based on the perceived level of threat and adaptive capacity (see Figure 2). The
Vulnerability refers to the extent to which a natural or human system is susceptible to sustaining damage resulting from climate variability and
change, despite human actions to moderate or offset such damage, as a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate variation to
which a system is exposed, its sensitivity and its adaptive capacity (ADB 2005).
18 LGU Guidebook on the Formulation of LCCAP (2015)
17
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threat level is based on the combined assessment of exposure or magnitude of hazards and drivers of
sensitivity.
Adaptive capacity is based on the combined indicators of wealth, information, infrastructure, institutions
and social capital. Ascending values were assigned for threat level per hazard and sector where a high
value denotes a higher threat level (i.e. 5 = high, 1 = low). For adaptive capacity, the lower the score
the higher the adaptive capacity (i.e. 5 = low, 1 = high).
Figure 5. Staged Vulnerability Analysis
Vulnerability to Climate
Change (CC) Impacts
Relative Vulnerability
Threat Level
Measure of Vulnerability
Area of Analysis
Adaptive Capacity
Exposure
Sensitivity
Current Adaptive Capacity
Present &
future climate
change data
and CCrelated
hazards
Sociodemographic
characteristics
of affected
elements
Wealth, Information,
Infrastructure, Institutions and
Social Capital
Figure 6. Relative Vulnerability Score Guide

Threat Level
Adaptive Capacity
Relative Vulnerability
High
5
Med High
4
Medium
3
Med Low
2
Low
1
High (5)
1.25
1.66
2.5
High (4-5)
Med High
(4)
0.8
1.33
Medium High
2.1 3.9
0.6
0.75
1.5
Medium
1.5 2
0.4
0.5
0.66
Medium Low
1 1. 49
0.2
0.25
0.33
0.5
Low ( 1)
Medium (3)
Med Low (2)
Low (1)
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5.
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Revised Version 1.1
Exposure Analysis
5.1. Historical Trends and Observed Changes
The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA) reports
the climate trends using the available observed data from 1951 to 2009 with the average period of 1971
2000 as the reference value (PAGASA-MDGF, 2011). The key findings are summarized as follows: 19
5.1.1.
Increasing Temperature20
The current climate trends show that the Philippines has exhibited increasing temperatures during
the period 1951 to 2010 with observed mean temperature increase of 0.65 C or an average of
0.0108 C per year-increase. The increase in maximum (or daytime) and minimum (or night time)
temperatures are also seen to have increased by 0.36 C and 0.1 C, respectively, during the last
60 years.
5.1.2.
Rainfall21
The municipality experiences a cyclical pattern of rainfall throughout the years with rainiest months
occurring from June to October. Monthly rainfall is at or below the average monthly amounts during
the rest of the year. Rainfall statistics gathered from PAGASA, Lumbia Station, showed that the
heaviest rainfall was in June 1994 recorded at 477.60 millimeter.
It was also noted that the Calendar Years 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995 were recorded as rainiest
years with an annual average rainfall of 155.7 mm; 167.4 mm; 163.2 mm and 153.8 mm
respectively. The recorded driest years were CY 1987, 1992 and 1998 where we experienced the
El Nino Phenomenon with an annual average rainfall of 91.1 mm; 100.2 mm and 110.7 mm
respectively.
5.1.3.
Typhoons/Tropical Cyclones22
Analysis of trends of tropical cyclone occurrence or passage within the so-called Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) show that an average of 20 tropical cyclones form and/or cross the PAR per
year. The trend shows a high variability over the decades but there is no indication of increase in
the frequency. However, there is a very slight increase in the number of tropical cyclones with
maximum sustained winds of greater than 150kph and above (typhoon category) being exhibited
during El Nio event (See below).
Figure 7. Tropical cyclone occurrence/passage within the Philippine Area of Responsibility during the 19482010 period.
LGU Guidebook on the Formulation of LCCAP (2015)

Climate Change in the Philippines, February 2011, PAG-ASA
21 Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental, Volume 1
22 Climate Change in the Philippines, February 2011, PAG-ASA
19
20
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Figure 8. Trend analysis of tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds of 150kph and above (typhoon
category) during the 1971-2010 period).
Moreover, the analysis on tropical cyclone passage over the three main islands (Luzon, Visayas
and, Mindanao), the 30-year running means show that there has been a significant decrease in the
Mindanao during the 1971 to 2000 as compared with the 1951 to 1980 and 1960-1990 periods (See
below).
Figure 9. Decadal changes in intense tropical cyclone occurrence in the three main islands in the Philippines
(1951-2000).
5.1.4.
Extreme Events23
Analysis of extreme daily maximum and minimum temperatures (hot-days index and cold-nights
index, respectively) show there are statistically significant increasing number of hot days but
decreasing number of cool nights (as shown below).
23

LCCAP CORE TEAM
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Figure 10. Trends in the frequency of days with
maximum temperature above the 1971-2000
mean 99th percentile.
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
Figure 11. Trends in the frequency of days with

minimum temperature below the 1971-2000
mean 1st percentile.
However, the trends of increases or decreases in extreme daily rainfall are not statistically
significant. Although, there have been changes in extreme rain events in certain areas in the
Philippines. For instance, intensity of extreme daily rainfall is already being experienced in most
parts of the country, but not statistically significant (see in Fig.12). Likewise, the frequency has
exhibited an increasing trend, also, not statistically significant (as shown in Fig.13).
Figure 12. Trends in extreme daily rainfall

intensity in the Philippines (1951-2008)
compared with the 1971-2000 mean values.
LCCAP CORE TEAM
Figure 13. Trends of extreme daily rainfall

frequency in the Philippines (1951-2008)
compared with the 1971-2000 mean value.
25
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Revised Version 1.1
5.2. Projected Climate Change in Alubijid, Misamis Oriental

5.2.1.
Increasing Temperature24
All areas of the Philippines will get warmer, more so in the relatively warmer summer months. Mean
temperatures in all areas in the Philippines are expected to rise by 0.9 C to 1.1 C in 2020 and by
1.8 C to 2.2 C in 2050. Likewise, all seasonal mean temperatures will also have increases in
these time slices; and these increases during the four seasons are quite consistent in all parts of
the country. Largest temperature increase is projected during the summer (MAM) season.
In Misamis Oriental, particularly Alubijid, the highest seasonal temperature increase (in C) will be
happening on the months of June, July, and August (JJA) in the next twenty (20) years from 2016
to 2035 experiencing a total temperature from 26.9 C to 28.1 C (1.2 C increase). The months of
December, January and February (DJF) has low temperature increase ranging from 25.1 C to 26.1
C (1.0 C increase).
Similar months (JJA) will also have the highest increase in temperature from 2036 to 2065 which
will reach to a total temperature of 29.3 C (4 C increase).
Table 7. Seasonal temperature increases (in C) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario
in Misamis Oriental
MONTHS
TOTAL
(2016-2035)
TOTAL
(2036-2065)
TOTAL
December, January, February (DJF)
25.1 C
1.0 C
26.1 C
1.9 C
27.0 C
March, April, May (MAM)
26.8 C
1.2 C
28.0 C
2.3 C
29.1 C
June, July, August (JJA)
26.9 C
1.2 C
28.1 C
2.4 C
29.3 C
September, October, November (SON)
26.5 C
1.0 C
27.5 C
2.0 C
28.5 C
5.2.2.
Rainfall25
Generally, there is reduction in rainfall in most parts of the country during the summer (MAM)
season. However, rainfall increase is likely during the southwest monsoon (JJA) season until the
transition (SON) season in most areas of Luzon and Visayas, and also, during the northeast
monsoon (DJF) season, particularly, in provinces/areas characterized as Type II climate in 2020
and 2050. There is however, generally decreasing trend in rainfall in Mindanao, especially by 2050.
Table 8. Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario.
MONTHS
TOTAL
(mm.)
(20162035)
TOTAL
(mm.)
(2036-2065)
TOTAL
(mm.)
December, January, February (DJF)
442.5
4.6 %
462.9
1.8 %
471.2
March, April, May (MAM)
296.0
-10.4 %
265.2
-17.8 %
218.0
June, July, August (JJA)
615.7
-3.7 %
592.9
-5.2 %
562.1
September, October, November (SON)
581.1
2.90 %
598.0
-0.1 %
597.4
The decrease of rainfall in the Province of Misamis Oriental happens mostly during the summer
months of March, April and May (MAM) with an average rainfall of 296.0 mm down to 265.2 mm
(10.4% decrease) in 2016 to 2035 and further down to 218.0 mm (17.8% decrease) in 2036 to
2065. The decrease continues from June, July and August (JJA) where the average rainfall is from
24
25

id
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Revised Version 1.1
615.7 mm to 592.9 mm (3.7% decrease) in 2016 to 2035, and further down to 562.1 mm (5.2%
decrease) in 2036 to 2050.
5.2.3.
Increase in Extreme Events26
Extreme temperature events - Hot temperatures will continue to become more frequent in the next
50 years with a maximum temperature exceeding 35 C.
Extreme rainfall events - Heavy daily rainfall will continue to become more frequent, extreme rainfall
is projected to increase in Luzon and Visayas only, but number of dry days is expected to increase
in all parts of the country in 2020 and 2050.
Table 9. Frequency of extreme events in 2020 and 2050 under medium-range emission scenario.
OBS (1971-2000)
2020
2050
NO. OF DAYS W/ TEMP. MAX >35 C
383
4539
6180
NO. OF DRY DAYS
8251
6413
7060
NO. OF DAYS W/ RAINFALL >150MM
10
13
There is a gradual increase in the number of days where the Province of Misamis Oriental will
experience a maximum temperature of at least 35% from 2020 until 2050. The dry days will
suddenly decrease in 2020 but increases in 2050.
5.3. Bio-Physical Impacts Of Climate Change27
The preceding changes in temperature, rainfall and extreme events are expected to significantly affect
Alubijid, Misamis Oriental.
There will be water stress (both in quantity and quality), which in turn, will most likely cascade into more
adverse impacts, particularly on forestry, agriculture and livelihood, health, and human settlement. It
will affect the amount of water in watersheds and dams which provide irrigation services to farmers,
especially those in rain fed areas, thereby, limiting agricultural production. Likewise, energy production
from dams could also be rendered insufficient in those areas where rainfall is projected to decrease,
and thus, could largely affect the energy supply to the municipality.
Flooding events would follow and may pose danger to human settlements and infrastructure, in terms
of landslides and mudslides, most especially, in geologically weak areas. Additionally, these flooding
events could impact severely on public infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, including classrooms,
evacuation centers, and hospitals.28
The workshop participants identified flooding, typhoons, and drought to be the climate-related hazards,
which can side-track development efforts, if unmitigated. Rain Induced Landslides (RIL), storm surge
and strong winds are integrated in the typhoon hazard.
5.3.1.
Flooding
Flooding events pose danger to human settlements and infrastructure. It could impact severely on
government infrastructures, such as roads and bridges, irrigation canals and dams, including
id
Climate Change in the Philippines (2011)
28 Climate Change in the Philippines (2011)
26
27
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Revised Version 1.1
classrooms, health centers, barangay halls and multi-purpose halls. Low-lying islands will face
inundation.29
Grain and other agricultural produce could suffer shortfalls in the absence of effective and timely
interventions during flood. Malnutrition and loss of livelihood will likely occur because there is
disruption of food production and supply.
Displaced persons or families due to flood will experience outbreak and spread of water-based
diseases.
Low-lying barangays, especially in the coastal areas, will face permanent inundation in the future.
The effects of flood due to tropical cyclone occurrences associated with high sea level rise or storm
surges would expose coastal communities to higher levels of threat to life and property. The
livelihood of these communities would also be threatened in terms of further stress to their fishing
opportunities, loss of productive agricultural lands and saltwater intrusion, among others.
Alubijid is a delta municipality, which makes it more susceptible to flooding. Based on the reported
extent of the floods in the past years, the coastal barangays Baybay, Loguilo and Molocboloc were
the ones directly affected with flood heights reaching to at least 2 meters.
Stakeholders confirmed typhoon Auring in January 11, 2009 (see table 10) as the worst flooding
event experienced by the municipality, affecting the low-land area near the river banks and
coastlines and displacing over 8,000 people or at least 2,000 households 30
5.3.2.
Typhoon/Tropical Cyclone
Tropical cyclones, particularly if there will be an increase in numbers and/or strength will continue
to exert pressure on agricultural production, human settlement, health and nutrition, and
infrastructures.
Based on reports from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration and confirmed by the stakeholders, the municipality is often affected by typhoons
and tropical storms. Typhoon Auring in 2009 was the worst in terms of damages (refer to Table 1)
according to the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office (MSWDO).
Table 10. List of Worst Typhoons that Affected Alubijid, Misamis Oriental.
OBSERVED EFFECTS IN ALUBIJID, MISAMIS
CYCLONE NAME
ORIENTAL
Heavy rains with winds up to 55 km/h
Flashfloods in Barangays Lourdes, Sungay, Loguilo,

Baybay, Poblacion, Calatcat, Lanao and Benigwayan
302 families (1262 individuals) were displaced
2,105 families (8,780 individuals) were affected
149 (total), 105 (partial) damage houses

Typhoon Auring, January 11, 2009
5 government and 7 private infrastructures destroyed
206 hectares crops damage worth 43,280,688 million

pesos
Other barangays were affected by its strong winds
Some areas were hit by rain induced landslides with

minimal damage
Category 5 super typhoon with winds of 175 mph

(gustiness of 280 km/h)
Typhoon Pablo, December 4, 2012,
Misamis Oriental was declared signal no. 1

International name Bopha
intense rainfall of 15 to 30 mm per hour within its

600-km diameter
29
30
Climate Change in the Philippines (2011)

DSWD (2009)
LCCAP CORE TEAM
28
Typhoon Yolanda, November 7, 2013,

International name Haiyan
Tropical Storm Lingling (Tropical

Depression Agaton) , January 10, 2014
5.3.3.
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
Category 5 super typhoon

Misamis Oriental was under signal no. 1
ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph),
one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph)
207 families (732 individuals) were displaced
Minimal damage on infrastructures and houses
Low presence of rain induced landslide
10-minute sustained: 65 km/h (40 mph); 1-minute
sustained: 55 km/h (35 mph)
370 families (1,154 individuals) were displaced
8 barangays were affected by flooding
Dry Spell/Drought
The Food and Agriculture Organization reports that among all natural disasters, drought affects the
largest number of people. The outcome of a drought related disaster could be wide spread and
devastating as it produces a complex web of impacts, which span many sectors of the economy,
especially the agriculture sector. This complexity leads to a lowering of food grain production due
to poor crop performance and depends upon the intensity and duration of drought stress.
PAG-ASA, in its latest report, has projected that Misamis Oriental is one of the provinces in Region
10 that will be affected by drought/dry spell. Starting 2016, the province will be experiencing less
rainfall outlook. Associated with the El Nio weather phenomenon, there is a high risk of drought/dry
spell in the coming months.
In Alubijid, this may affect aquaculture activities and cause a heat island effect, which could affect
public health and energy consumption. By 2050, it will worsen the effects on natural resources
including human population. Stakeholders expect that the increase will directly affect watersheds
and, consequently, the municipalitys water supply for potable water consumption and irrigation for
agricultural production, particularly the rice industries.
More importantly, temperature increases could amplify the strength of storms.
6. Sensitivity Analysis
6.1. Social Sector
6.1.1.
Flooding
There at least 757 families that are dwelling in the coastal barangays of Baybay, Loguilo and
Molocboloc and 177 families are living along the riverbanks and/or waterways or a total of 934
families (4,670 individuals) more or less, that will be displaced and their houses (mostly made of
light materials) submerged.
Health conditions among the displaced families, including children, PWDs and elderlies especially
when they are in the evacuation areas are primarily the concern. The outbreak and spread of waterbased disease such as malaria, dengue, skin diseases, and leptospirosis among young children
and the elderly are expected to arise.
Malnutrition is expected also where there is disruption of food supply due to the damage incurred
during floods. Low turnout of attendance in elementary schools is expected to rise due to health
reasons and damaged/submerged road access going to and from the said school.
Poor drainage system, low land area, lack of river bank protection, uncontrolled residential
developments along river waterways and coastal areas, and weak housing materials (for informal
settlers) are the factors that contribute to these impacts.
LCCAP CORE TEAM
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6.1.2.
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
Typhoon/Tropical Cyclone
Similar to flooding, the population most at risk from typhoons (strong winds) and storm surges
(wave surges) are those settlements in coastal areas. Residents dwelling in upland areas are likely
to be affected by rain-induced landslides whenever there is continuous rain at least for three (3)
days. To date, there are 241 families whose house are also made of light materials that are dwelling
in the said landslide prone area.
Crops, Grains and other agriculture products will be damage due to the presence of strong winds
caused by the typhoons. There will also be disruption of food supply and/or production. Houses
made of light materials located in the upper land where winds are highly present can be affected
also.
6.1.3.
Drought
Incidence of malnutrition among children belonging to families living below poverty incidence rate
will increase due to lack of food supply and higher cost of agricultural products. There are around
4,948 families whose average income is 6,000 pesos and below that will be affected since they will
be having difficulty in buying food because of high price or low income generated by these
families. 31 Most of the affected families are farmers and fishermen whose main livelihood are
dependent on the yield of their respective agricultural products where water is the main element for
their production. The yield of crops as well as aquaculture products will gradually decrease. Access
to irrigation will be lessen due to the fact that the water source supply will likely decrease. Warm
temperature in the sea and presence of abandoned river beds will also be observed.
The outbreak and spread vector-borne diseases leading to higher morbidity and mortality rate
among infants, increased incidence of pulmonary illnesses cardiovascular diseases among the
elderly are expected to arise.
Shortages in potable water supply can be expected in barangays where there is an established
Level I III water system.
Fire incidence on houses made of light materials and bush/graze fire will also be experienced due
to kaingins. It is duly observed that kaingins (slash and burn) is one method of searching food in
the wilderness or forest by farmers by burning the surrounding location where an animal is dwelling.
6.2. Economic Sector

6.2.1.
Flooding/Typhoons
Damaged to crops (growing or harvested), farm infrastructures (irrigation canals, dams, fishponds,
salt beds, warehouses, bodegas, solar dryers, rice and corn mills), and farm to market road where
agricultural products are being transported will significantly disrupt the economic activities of
farmers and fisher folks. Greater loss of income that will be generated from the sale of the damaged
crops (growing or harvested) eventually will also be sustained arising from flood.
Business establishments will also be affected considering that most of them are engaged into
buying and selling of agricultural products. Prices of these products will increase due to its low
supply and high cost of transporting them since the road conditions are poor either they are
submerged or destroyed and the difficulty of retrieving and delivery of these products to the market
or supplier.
Tourism sites such as Baybay Mangrove Boardwalk and Eco-Tourism Cottages maintained and
managed by the Barangay Unit of Baybay and Caba Caba Beach Resort maintained and managed
by the Barangay Unit of Loguilo, both located along the coasts are very critical. The sites have
31
Municipal Nutrition and Action Office (2015)

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Revised Version 1.1
generate employment opportunities among the locals and brought income to the respective
barangays.
Raw materials for the Alubijid Lampakanay Weavers Association for their petati products will also
be affected when floods reach the height of at least 2 meters in the area where the said materials
is produced and grown. Lampakanay (cat tail plant) is the Alubijids One Town, One Product
(OTOP) which are utilized by at more than 20 weavers who are all residing where the said plant is
located. Products derived from these materials also generate income for the weavers.
The drivers of sensitivity to flood hazards include presence of multiple tributaries in rivers, siltation
of waterways and drainage, denuded watersheds, the topographical situation of the municipality,
and erratic volume of rainwater.
6.2.2.
Drought
Farmers and fisherfolks, who are the majority settlers of Alubijid, are the sensitive targets. Fourteen
(14) out of sixteen (16) barangays are devoted to agricultural and aqua culture production.
Commercial establishments who are engaged in wholesaling and retailing of agricultural products
and consumer goods as well as supplies of agricultural products will also be affected due to
interruption of operations and reduction of production levels from these sector.
The livelihood of the communities living in the coastal barangays will be threatened in terms of
further stress to their fishing opportunities, loss of productive agricultural lands and saltwater
intrusion, among others. Migration of fish to cooler and deeper waters would force the fisher folks
to travel further from the coasts in order to increase their catch.
In the barangays located in the farmlands, crops have been shown to suffer decreases in yields
whenever temperatures have exceeded threshold values and possibly result to spikelet sterility, as
in the case of rice and corn. Incidence/outbreaks of pests and diseases, both in plants and animals
will also be observe. The pathways through which diseases and pests could be triggered and
rendered most favorable to spread are still largely unknown.
Mortality rate of livestock and poultry will gradually increase due to the deterioration of their health
from thirst since supply of potable water from water source will decrease and hunger due to limited
supply of animal feeds since most of these will be scarce already or price is already high that
farmers could no longer afford.
Decreased yields in the agricultural sector could lead to unemployment, migration and shifts in
population resulting to further increase of poverty incidence rate among Indigent communities.
6.2.3.
In Summary
Agriculture and Fishery are the 2 basic activity by which the people of Alubijid depend to survive.
There are around 8,237 individuals (7, 516 Farmers: 4,128 Males; 3,388 Females and 721
Fishermen: 444 Males; 277 Females) or 37% of the total population of Alubijid out of 32,607
(7314 households) are deriving their income from agricultural. 32
Table 11. Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production in Alubijid, Misamis Oriental .
CROPS
32
AREA
(HECTARES)
% TO TOTAL
AGRICULTURAL
LAND FOR CROP
PRODUCTION
% TO
TOTAL
LAND
AREA
TOTAL
YIELDS
(TONS)
VALUE OF
YIELDS (IN
PHP)
1.
Rice
158
3.61
1.54
674.66
10,119,900.00
2.
Corn
1,041
23.84
10.13
4,663.68
69,955,200.00

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(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
3.
Coconut
2,035.55
46.62
19.81
5,292.43
137,603,180.00
4.
Banana
451
10.33
4.39
12,988.8
142,876,800.00
5.
Tobacco
277.2
6.35
2.69
2,217.6
33,264,000.00
6.
Cassava
194
4.44
1.89
2,863.44
20,044,080.00
7.
Root crops
58.5
1.34
0.57
877.5
8,775,000.00
8.
Papaya
24.5
0.56
0.24
207.70
1,454,320.00
9.
Pineapple
0.18
0.08
80
800,000.00
10. Mangoes, etc.
53.75
1.23
0.52
430
8,600,000.00
11. Vegetables
64.5
1.48
0.63
193.5
1,935,000.00
4,366
100.00
42.49
30,491.31
TOTAL
Mangoes, etc.;
53.75
Papaya; 24.5
422,638,160.00
Pineapple; 8
Vegetables; 64.5
Root crops; 58.5
Rice; 158
Cassava; 194
Tobacco; 277.2
Banana; 451
Corn; 1,041
Coconut; 2,035.55
The continued dependence of agricultural production on light, heat, water and other climatic factors,
the dependence of much of the Alubijidnons on agricultural activities, and the significant magnitude
and rapid rates of possible climate changes all combine to create a potential massive impacts on
the affected sector. The table below are sample of sectors in agriculture and fishery, and projected
impacts of climate change.33
Table 12. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Agriculture Sector.
SECTOR
1.
Agriculture
IMPACTS
Changes in yields due to precipitation and temperature extremes.

Increases in pests and disease; salinization of irrigation water.
Decrease in livestock production and spoilage --- increase
temperature.
Dr. Esteban Celeste Godilano, Department of Agriculture for the Local Government Academy DILG. Training Module on Formulation of
Local Climate Change Action Plan.
33
LCCAP CORE TEAM
32
2.
3.
Fishery
Marine resources
4.
Tourism and recreation
Revised Version 1.1
Loss of fertile coastal lands caused by rising sea levels and storm
surge.
More unpredictable farming conditions.
Changes in soil characteristics and disturbance regimes (e.g. pests
and diseases)
Dwindling fish catch, fish kills in fresh water aquaculture.
Changes in lakes ecosystems due to sea water intrusion.
Increased rainfall could also wash more agriculture fertilizer and
municipal sewage into coastal waters, creating more low-oxygen
dead zones in major coastal waters.
Coral bleaching and decrease of fish catch.
Frequent and wide coverage of red tides.
CO2 dissolves in the oceans forms carbonic acid and increases the
acidity (lowers the pH) of the ocean water.
Reduces carbonate in the oceans makes it harder for shell-forming
organisms to grow.
Shorter recreation season due to severe typhoons and longer
drought periods.
Submergence of small island tourism due to sea level rise.
Loss of beaches to tropical storms and storm surges
(2016 2030)
6.3. Infrastructure Sector

6.3.1.
Flooding/Typhoon
Damage to human settlements and infrastructure, such as roads and bridges, including classrooms,
evacuation centers, day care centers, government buildings and facilities, and power stations
located within the flood prone areas will be sustained. Costs for repair, retrofitting and rehabilitation
for these structures poses a big challenge to the local government unit and barangay government
unit as well.
Increase presence of informal settlers dwelling on natural waterways, low presence of drainage
system, silted rivers, and denuded forest are the contributing factors to this susceptibility
6.3.2.
Drought
In areas where the water system and irrigation facilities are located, critical water shortages can be
expected leading to possible reduction of water available for domestic consumption, less irrigation
service delivery, and possibly, decreased energy generation in dams.
6.3.3.
Summary
Flood, typhoon, tropical cyclones, drought or dry spell brought about by the effects of climate
change has significant impact to the infrastructure sector. Please see table below.
Table 13. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Infrastructure.
SECTOR
IMPACTS
1.
Transportation34
Damage from sea-level rise, erosion, flooding, landslides, and

temperature extremes.
Flooding and heavy rainfall may overwhelm local water
infrastructure and increase the level of sediment and
contaminants in the water supply35
Increased roads, highways and bridges damage and
deterioration
Engr. Elise V. Ana, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Agrotechnology, UPLD for the Local Government AcademyDILG. Training Module on Formulation of Local Climate Change Action Plan.
35 Dr. Esteban Celeste Godilano, Department of Agriculture for the Local Government Academy DILG. Training Module on Formulation of
Local Climate Change Action Plan.
34
LCCAP CORE TEAM
33
Water Supply36
(reservoirs,
transmission and
distribution lines)
3.
Drainage
4.
Solid Waste
2.
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
Increased maintenance, repair and replacement of roads,

highways and bridges
Reduction in use of transport infrastructures due to inundation,
flooding, ground movement and structural integrity
Reduction in available water for consumptive use-potable,
commercial and industrial
Declining water quality leading to higher treatment costs
Accelerated degradation and increased failure of water
distribution infrastructure
Increase in water cost per unit of production
Increased stormwater flows
Increased flood occurrence
Wider areas of inundation
Higher generation rate of methane due to increasing
temperature.
Increased leachate production due to increased rainfall
intensities, thereby higher requirement for leachate treatment
and higher potential for ground water contamination.
Increased occurrence of waste slide.
6.4. Environment Sector

6.4.1.
Flooding/Typhoon
Along the coast of Barangays Baybay, Loguilo and Molocboloc, coastal resources such as
mangroves, sea grass, shells and the likes are vulnerable. In rivers and lakes, siltation,
sedimentation, scouring, indiscriminate will be present. Degradation of both areas will also be
aggravated due to the garbage that are being washed out by the waters coming from the flood.
Non-implementation of waste management system in most barangays are the likely cause for this
event.
In the upper areas of the municipality, soil erosion will also be aggravated since most of the forest
are denudated as most of the dwellers replace the existing ecosystem with farming activities for
their food and livelihood.
6.4.2.
Drought
Changes in rainfall regimes and patterns resulting to increase/decrease in water use and
temperature increases could lead to a change in the forests ecosystem, particularly in barangays
where the rains are severely limited, and can no longer provide favorable conditions for certain
highly sensitive species. Some of the forests in our watershed area could face die-backs.
Additionally, drier periods and warmer temperatures, especially during the warm phase of El Nio
events, could cause forest fires. A very likely threat to barangays, especially Sungay, Tula and
Tugasnon that largely depend on the ecological services provided by forests.
The coastal ecosystems, mangrove areas, and fish sanctuaries face risks including species
migration and the invasion of pests and diseases brought upon by drought and prolonged dry spells.
Table 14. Climate Change Projected Impacts on Environment
SECTOR
IMPACTS
36
1.
Ecosystems
2.
Forestry
Failure of ecological systems to provide the wide range of benefits on which

societies rely for their continued existence.
Failure of ecosystems to adapt and reestablish themselves.
Changes in soil characteristics and disturbance regimes (e.g. fires)
Forest loss to drought, wildfires, infestation, diseases, species migration
and loss.
Engr. Elisa V. Ana, ibid

LCCAP CORE TEAM
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3.
Freshwater
resource
Coastal
resources
5.
Marine
resources
Revised Version 1.1
Salinization of freshwater; water table/aquifer depletion; increased runoff

and pollution of freshwater resources, thus affecting the quality of drinking
water and impact public health.
Alter the quantity and quality of available fresh water and increase the
frequency and duration of floods, droughts, and heavy precipitation events.
Inundation of low-lying areas from storm-surges, sea level rise, stronger
and high intensity tropical storms.
Infrastructure damage and submergence of dwellings.
Wetland and rice land losses, and loss of habitat; and human displacement.
Coral bleaching and decrease of fish catch.
4.
(2016 2030)
6.5. Institutional Sector

6.5.1.
Flooding/Typhoon
Destruction of school buildings and facilities, Health centers, Barangay halls and infrastructure
projects of the LGU creates disruption of basic essential services to the public and creates
substantial loss to the public coffers of the municipality. Implementation of programs, projects,
activities and policies for the poor are likely affected. Financial assistance to the beneficiaries of
various programs of the LGU and sources of income for the projects will be inadequate due to the
fact that it will be diverted to supplement the cost of the loss brought about by the hazard.
6.5.2.
Drought
Limited financial resources of the LGU will likely be affected to subsidize the financial needs of the
farmers and fisherfolks to supplement their daily sustenance due to absence of opportunity to earn
income from their yield or harvest. Increase expenditures on farm inputs are expected (i.e. loans
for purchase of fertilizers) hence, rendering the farmers vulnerable in terms of their income.
6.6. Summary of Sensitivity Drivers and Perceived Threat Level
The following are the common areas that predispose the different sectors to water-related hazards and
drought:
Table 15. Sensitivity Drivers/Stressors Per Sector
SENSITIVITY DRIVERS/STRESSORS
SECTOR
FLOODING AND TYPHOON
1.
Social
2.
Economic
LCCAP CORE TEAM
Small canals and culverts

Settlements in flood
plain/hazard area
lack of river bank protection
uncontrolled residential
developments along
waterways and coastal areas
weak housing materials (for
informal settlers)
absence of relocation sites
lack of river bank protection
Poor and lacking drainage
system
Majority of economic
activities are in flood prone
area
Weak coastal defenses
DROUGHT
Majority of population
dependent on agriculture
and fisheries
Number of informal
settlers dependent on
agriculture and fisheries
Increasing demand for
water consumption and
supply
Majority of population
dependent on agriculture
and fisheries
Most products are
dependent on water
supply (e.g. rice and corn)
Lack of irrigation canals
35
3.
Increasing presence of water

tributaries
Facilities and buildings are

located in flood plain and
river way area
Small canals and culverts
Increasing presence of water
tributaries
poor drainage system in the
built-up area and
insufficient/damaged flood
control structure.
Destruction of mangroves
Population along easements
or waterways and foreshores
Levels of population from
upland settlements
Increase presence of
sedimentation
Lacking of coastal and
riverside defenses
Lack implementation of
Waste Segregation System
Increase cost of loss for
repairs and recovery
Additional budget for
relocation site and
development
4.
Environment
5.
Institutional
Revised Version 1.1
Infrastructure
(2016 2030)

supply
water supply and utilities
Lack of level III water
system
Unregulated water
consumption
Practice of slash & burn

(kaingin)
Illegal cutting of trees (e.g.
for wood charcoal)
Low turn-out rate of trees
planted

financial assistance
among farmers
supply
Low turn-out of
agricultural products
After taking into consideration the impacts of climate change and their underlying causes, the
Municipality of Alubijid have made a variable level of threat per hazard (see table below).
Table 16. Perceived Threat Level Per Sector
PERCEIVED THREAT LEVEL
FLOODING
TYPHOON
DROUGHT
AVERAGE TL
1.
SOCIAL
SECTOR
4.7
2.
ECONOMIC
4.7
3.
INFRASTRUCTURE
4.0
4.
ENVIRONMENT
4.0
5.
INSTITUTIONAL
3.3
4.4
3.8
3.2
4.1
MUNICIPAL WIDE THREAT LEVEL
5 = High; 1 = Low
DILG LCCAP Formulation Training, VIP Hotel (2015)
Overall, the Municipality of Alubijid faces medium-high to high threat from all hazards identified with the
score of 4.1. Flooding posted the highest threat with an average score of 4.4 in all five (5) sectors,
followed by Typhoon (which includes the effect of rain-induced landslide, strong winds and storm surge)
with 3.8 and lastly, by drought with the score of 3.2.
The high level of threat from flooding can be attributed to the physical scale of such an event, both
historically and by scientific analysis from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
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Services Administration, and the high susceptibility rate of said hazard to the threatened community.
The threat of drought may be due to the nature of resources at risk, which are potable water and
agriculture and natural resources, and the subsequent impacts on health and livelihoods. Further, it
may be that information based on the effects of drought to the municipality, especially the farmers and
fisher folks, is still lacking.
Among the sectors assessed, economic and health sector posted the highest threat level from multihazards with a score 4.7 each. The impact of the hazard to the economic condition of the farmers, fisher
folks, including the businessmen, is of high risk. Majority of the people are economically engaged in
farming and aquaculture. 16 barangays are placed under the 4Ps program of the DSWD considering
that the majority of the constituents therein or more than 50% of the total population of Alubijid are living
way below the poverty incidence rate. The unemployment rate which is at 28% (total no. of
employed/total no. of labor force)37 indicates that reliance on farming/fishing is high such that when
disrupted due to flood or drought, it will incapacitate the farmer or fisherfolk the opportunity to earn
income. Having lesser opportunity to earn income, the health as well as nutrition condition of the family
is highly vulnerable to disease, illness and hunger. Dwelling conditions will also likely to contribute to
the deterioration of health and social needs of the family.
Both infrastructure and environment sector have a similar score of 4.0 each. The threat to the
environment sector can be ascribed to the limited presence of natural resources, their location,
unregulated practice of illegal activities, accessibility to law enforcement apprehension, and passive
reaction of community to environmental protection. For infrastructure, most of the facilities, buildings
and houses of farmers, fisherfolks and commercial folks where agricultural products are being produced
and sold are prone to the identified hazard, directly or indirectly.
The institutional sector appears to be the least threatened from different hazards due to the fact that
interventions from National Government, Non-Government Organizations and Foreign Institutions are
active. The Programs, Projects and Activities are successfully implemented because full financial
support are being extended by the said agencies.
3.4. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ANALYSIS
The Municipality of Alubijids ability to adjust to climate change to reduce and manage the potential
damage or loss arising from the impacts of water-related hazards will heavily depend and rely on the
following adaptive capacity factors that is present in an individual, organization, community or institution,
private or public, to wit:
1. Economic Wealth the availability and accessibility of financial resources during the event or
impact of the hazard;
2. Technology - the availability of equipment and facilities to communicate directly with the people
or sector affected;
3. Institutions the level of awareness of the LGU and community leaders and the ability
(structured or non-structured) to respond during the occurrence of the hazard;
4. Infrastructures the presence of transportation, water, sanitation, energy and medical
infrastructures that can be utilized;
5. Information the level of awareness of the LGU and stakeholders in the area/sector regarding
the hazard and the potential impact of the hazards towards them;
37

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6. Social Capital the political willingness of the LGU officials to allocate resources to build
adaptive capacity of the LGU.
Table 17. Perceived Level of Adaptive Capacity Per Sector
PERCEIVED LEVEL OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY (AC)
(High 5; Medium High 4; Medium 3; Medium Low 2; Low 1)
TYPHOON/TROPICAL
SECTOR
FLOOD
DROUGHT
CYCLONE
AVERAGE AC
1.
SOCIAL
2.8
2.8
1.8
2.50
2.
ECONOMIC
2.7
2.7
1.7
2.33
3.
INFRASTRUCTURE
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.44
4.
ENVIRONMENT
3.0
2.5
2.3
2.61
5.
INSTITUTIONAL
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.11
MUNICIPAL WIDE TL
2.8
2.7
2.2
2.6
LCCAP Formulation Workshop at VIP Hotel hosted by DILG Regional Office 10 (2015)
Based on the figure above, the municipality has a medium to medium-low perceived adaptive capacity
for getting an average score of 2.6. It simply means that the local government unit has the capacity to
adjust and/or respond to the hazard, either flood, typhoon or drought, and can deliver the assistance
needed by the affected sectors. Among the three (3) identified hazards, the capacity to respond and
render assistance to the affected sectors during flood is the highest and drought is the lowest.
Among the sectors, the institutional sector got the highest average adaptive capacity to respond to the
multi-hazard with the score of 3.11. The current projects, programs and activities including financial
structure of the LGU for disaster preparedness and response has been set-up accordingly to reduce and
mitigate the impacts of the hazard. Experience dictates that the municipality should be prepared at all
times, especially during typhoons, otherwise casualties will increase. Trainings and drills have been
regularly conducted among responders and medical teams. Workshops for camp management among
social workers and their volunteers have also been organized to efficiently accommodate to the needs
of the evacuees.
Economic sector got the least average adaptive capacity with the score of 2.33. The readiness of the
farmers/fishermen, who are the majority sectors affected, especially in drought is low. The capacity to
recover from the losses incurred during the impact of the hazard is very difficult due to the scarcity of
their resources, financial or technological. Despite interventions from the national or local government,
this sector still has a hard time adjusting to the effects the said hazards.
3.4. SUMMARY OF VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
The vulnerability of the Municipality of Alubijid and its sectors can be summed up in the following:
Threat Level (based on the exposure and sensitivity analysis) divided by adaptive
capacity = Relative Vulnerability
Relative Vulnerability =
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Table 18. Relative Vulnerability Per Sector

RELATIVE VULNERABILITY BY SECTOR
SECTOR
AVERAGE
THREAT
LEVEL
(5 - HIGHEST)
AVERAGE ADAPTIVE
CAPACITY
(5 - HIGHEST)
RELATIVE VULNERABILITY
RATING
(5 - MOST VULNERABLE)
1.
SOCIAL
4.67
2.50
1.9
2.
ECONOMIC
4.67
2.33
2.0
3.
INFRASTRUCTURE
4.00
2.44
1.6
4.
ENVIRONMENT
4.00
2.61
1.5
5.
INSTITUTIONAL
3.00
3.11
1.0
AVERAGE SCORE
1.6
LCCAP Formulation Workshop at VIP Hotel hosted by DILG Regional Office 10 (2015)
In summary, the municipalitys vulnerability is summed up at 1.6 which is MEDIUM. Although the average
threat level is MEDIUM-HIGH TO HIGH at 4.7, the adaptive capacity of the municipality and its sectors
is MEDIUM at 2.6.
The economic sector is rendered vulnerable so far in all the sectors in all the hazards. Results will show
that concern for agriculture livelihood, commercial activities and tourism opportunities is very alarming.
Poverty reduction program, development projects and climate change adaptation initiatives will focus
primarily on this sector. Concerns for other sector as well is of highly importance since most of them are
interrelated with one another for the growth and success of the other sectors.
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THE ACTION PLAN

The Municipality of Alubijid has formulated its Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) 2016-2030 in
response to the mandate of the law and to meet the challenges of the effects of climate change in our
community. It is anchored on the National Climate change Action Plan (NCCAP) which was adopted in April
2010. Following the design of the NCCAP, our LCCAP was designed with the following work priorities and
targeted outcomes:
a.
Food Security - The objective of the national strategic priority on food security is to ensure
availability, stability, accessibility, and affordability of safe and healthy food amidst climate
change.
b.
Water Sufficiency - In light of climate change, however, a comprehensive review and

subsequent restructuring of the entire water sector governance is required. It is important as
well to assess the resilience of major water resources and infrastructures, manage supply and
demand, manage water quality, and promote conservation.
c.
Environmental and Ecological Stability - Ecosystem resilience and environmental stability

during the plan period is focused on achieving one immediate outcome: the protection and
rehabilitation of critical ecosystems, and the restoration of ecological services.
d.
Human Security - The objective of the human security agenda is to reduce the risks of women
and men to climate change and disasters.
e.
Climate-Friendly Industries and Services - NCCAP prioritizes the creation of green and ecojobs and sustainable consumption and production. It also focuses on the development of
sustainable cities and municipalities.
f.
Sustainable Energy - NCCAP prioritizes the promotion and expansion of energy efficiency
and conservation; the development of sustainable and renewable energy; environmentally
sustainable transport; and climate-proofing and rehabilitation of energy systems infrastructures.
g.
Knowledge and Capacity Development - The priorities of the NCCAP on knowledge and
capacity development are:
1)
Enhanced knowledge on the science of climate changes
2)
Enhanced capacity for climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk
reduction at the local and community level; and
3)
Established gendered climate change knowledge management accessible to all

sectors at the national and local levels
1. Goals and Objectives

a.
Goals
Consistent with the Framework of the National Climate Change Adaptation Commission, the ultimate
goal of the Local Climate Change Action Plan of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental is to build the adaptive
capacities of women and men in their communities, increase the resilience of vulnerable sectors and
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natural ecosystems to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities towards gender responsive
and rights-based sustainable development.38
b.
Objectives
The specific objectives of the concern sector based from the Local Development Plan and Poverty
Alleviation Program of the municipality will be integrated and complemented in accordance with the
outcome of the work priorities of the National Climate Change Action Plan 2011 2028 on food security,
water sufficiency, environmental and ecological stability, human security, climate friendly industries and
services, sustainable energy and knowledge and capacity building. 39
The programs, projects and activities of the different sectors of the municipality will be implemented in
such a way that it can respond to the negative impacts brought about by climate change.
2. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures
The manifestations of climate change in the form of temperature increase, flooding, increased precipitation,
frequency and intensity of typhoons, sea level rise, storm surge, etc. have impacts on the municipalitys
economy, environment, infrastructure, land use and on 16 barangays. Due to its geographical location, the
town is greatly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and has already experienced noticeable
adverse effects in recent years. Without concerted national and local action, the challenges the city will face
as a result of climate change are expected to intensify in the medium or long term.
In response to this and in consonance with the Climate Change Act (Republic Act 9729) which provides the
policy framework with which to systematically address the growing threats on community life and its impact
on the environment, the local government of Alubijid has now defined its Local Climate Change Action Plan
which is based on the preceding analyses of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Report.
a. Adaptation Measures40
1) Locate new settlements, major transport infrastructure away from vulnerable areas through
proper land use planning
2) Improve building design such as the use of climate change resilient materials (water resistant
materials), stronger roof fixing connections, installation of essential vulnerable equipment on
higher elevations and designing aerodynamically efficient structures (employing curved
corners)
3) Protection of coastal buildings from storm surges or strong winds from typhoons (seawall or
mangrove)
4) Improvement of transport infrastructure design (higher road embankment elevation, use of
elevated roads, walkways, pathways and thicker pavement)
5) Establishment of all-weather roads going to and from new settlements
6) Introduction of park-and-ride system, car sharing, or creation of no-vehicles area and/or time
zones.
7) Development of watershed management programs to protect catchment areas
8) Improvement of aquifer
infiltration/percolation
recharge
through
the
promotion
of
design
that
allows
National Climate Change Action Plan (2011 2028)

ibid
40 Training Module on Formulation of Local Climate Change Action Plan
38
39
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9) Encouragement of water use efficiency and conservation (technology, behavioral and pricing
solutions and incentives)
10) Development and Implementation of rainwater harvesting systems
11) Promotion of water reuse and/or recycling
12) Relocation of critical water supply infrastructures away from vulnerable areas
13) Development and Implementation of Flood Plain Zones
14) Improvement of natural and artificial drainage system
15) Improvement of drainage infrastructure design
16) Creation and Development of Flood and Storm shelters
17) Development of local flood protection programs
18) Introduction of water river management system to avoid bank erosion and buffer zones
19) Improvement of coastal management such as sea wave protection, mangrove conservation
and rehabilitation
20) Full implementation of proper solid waste management program
21) Improvement of landfill design
b. Mitigation Measures41
1) Promotion of green buildings (house with natural lighting and ventilation)
2) Adoption of alternative construction methods (pre-fabrication and off-site construction)
3) Promotion of electric vehicles
4) Anti-smoke belching campaign
5) Encouragement of fuel switching (conversion to compressed natural gas and biofuels)
6) Encouragement of non-motorized transport (cycling and walking)
7) Promotion of Gravity over Pumped Water Systems
The aforementioned measures are designed to answer the work priorities and targeted outcomes set by
the National Climate Change Commission. Based on the foregoing, the Municipality of Alubijid introduces
the following programs, projects, and activities to adapt and/or mitigate the negative impacts of flood,
typhoon, and dry spell/drought that will ultimately address the said outcomes.
SOCIAL SECTOR:
a. Relocation Site Acquisition and Development Project for Climate Hazard Displaced Persons
b. Alternative livelihood and skills training for farmers and fishermen
c. Rural Container Gardening Program
41
Training Module on Formulation of Local Climate Change Action Plan

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d. Health and Fitness Awareness and Promotion Program on Biking, Running and Nature Trail
e. Enactment of Ordinance Requiring Houses on Flood Prone Areas to be constructed at least 3
meters in height
f. Construction of Community Seed Bank in Residences
g. Organizing, Development & Establishment of Socialized Housing for Displaced Persons
h. Enhancement of Medical Facilities, Equipment and Laboratory Program
ECONOMIC SECTOR:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
Crop Protection and Production Program

Seed Hybridization and Production Program for Rice and Corn
Provision of Farm inputs and Post Harvest Facilities to Indigent farmers
Institutionalization of Organic Farming among Households
Livestock breeding, Health Care and Dispersal Program
Establishment and Development of Graze Land Site for livestock
Adjustment of cropping calendar
Establishment and Institutionalization of Crop Insurance (PCIC) - Weather Index Base Insurance
(WIBI) among Farmers/Fisherfolks
Establishment of machinery pool- QRB (tractor combine harvester, water pump, power tiller,
mechanical thresher,etc.)
Provision of Vaccines/Biologics
Establishment of temporary shed in safer ground acting as shelter for the family and also for
poultry & livestock in case where there is an advisory for typhoon and felt need to evacuate.
Estabishment, Development and Construction of Agro-forestry projects in upland areas (i.e.
Coffee, Rubber, etc.)
Planting of adverse environment resistant varieties = Green Super Rice (GSR) - (saline,
submergence & drought tolerant varieties)
Organization of Bantay Peste farmers/Local Farmer technicians (LFT) -use as faciltators in
teaching farmers & also as aid in field monitoring.
Establishment of Techno demo & conduct of Farmers Field School on Save & Grow to showcase
technology /Climatology i.e. rain harvester, SSIP(small scale irrigation projects)
Establishment of Aqua-silvi/prawn production, tilapia hatchery & prov. of motor boats with gill
nets Project
Organization and Establishment of Negosyo Center
Investment and Promotion of Local Products Project
Establishment of Local Financing Program on Entrepreneurs and Micro-Enterprise Business
Establishment, Development and Construction of Fish and Bird Sanctuaries
Tourism Amenities and Facilities Maintenance and Upgrade Project
INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR:
a. Construction, Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Drainage System along Rivers and Farm to
Market Roads in flood prone areas
b. Establishment and Construction of Livelihood Training Center
c. Construction of FMR in proactive design (concrete roads), Irrigation or Dam facilities & farm
infrastructures in calamity responsive design
d. Construction of Riverbank Protection Project
e. Protection and Maintenance of Early Warning Device System Project
f. Improvement and Upgrade of Early Warning Communication System Project
g. Maintenance, Improvement/Upgrade and Enhancement of Water System and Facilities Project
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ENVIRONMENTAL SECTOR:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Strict Implementation on Solid Waste Segregation Program

Tree Growing Project in Lake Danao, Coastal Sites and Riverbanks
Adopt a Tree Project
Establishment of Green Fund Project
Establishment of Barangay Mini Forest Park
Organizing a Barangay Green Patrol Team/Unit
INSTITUTIONAL SECTOR
a. Establishment of DRRM Office as Department Office and Plantilla of Staff;
b. Institutionalize the formulation and adoption of Local Climate Change Action Plan up to the
barangay level;
c. Codification of environmental laws;
d. Integration of DRRM and LCC into developmental plans;
e. Establish a water waste collection management system;
f. Improvement and enhancement of water resource and supply management system.
5. Project Financing
The programs, projects, activities and policies defined in the Local Climate Change Action Plan 2016-2030
of the Municipality of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental shall be funded through the following three (3) major funding
sources:
a. National Government Fund
National government funding comes through the national government agencies that implement
programs, projects, and activities in the city. Many of such assistance are big ticket infrastructure
projects that have been implemented by the DPWH, NIA, DENR, PPA, DOTC, DA, and BFAR.
National government funding also come from the Office of the President, the Offices of Senators
and the Office of Congressmen from District 1 of Misamis Oriental. Such funding are under the
General Appropriations Act.
More important, is the funding source from the DILG which is under Peoples Survival Fund.
b. Municipal Fund
a) 20% Development Fund from the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA)
b) 5% Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)
c) Special Education Fund
c.
Other Source of Fund

Other sources of local funding may come through external sources that include but do not limit to
the locally-based private corporations and enterprises, civic clubs, NGOs/POs, academe and other
private volunteer groups or individuals.
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6. Plan Implementation
The Local Government of Alubijid recognizes the importance of plan implementation and policy enforcement
in realizing targets, achieving goals and objectives for the realization of the ultimate vision of a climate
change-resilient municipality and citizenry. It believes that in implementing the Local Climate change Action
Plan 2016-2030, resources, institutional structures and procedures, among others are required in order for
it to be implemented and enforced. The Local Government Code allows the municipality to design and
implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern taking into consideration its goals and
objectives as contained in the LCCAP and accountability to the community. In realistically implementing the
municipalitys LCCAP, a number of prerequisite measures and instruments other than the existing DRRM
Program are needed. Plan implementation includes the establishment of detailed work systems, and
institutional mechanisms that are responsive to the goals and objectives of the LCCAP and the formation
of partnerships and cooperation arrangement with stakeholders. Expected outputs include Approved
Institutional Structure and Systems and Procedures, Investment Programs, Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) Plan /Advocacy.
Flow Chart for Implementing the Alubijid LCCAP 2016-2030
Strengthening of Existing Institutional Structures and Mechanisms such as but not limited to
the Local DRRM Council, Climate Change Adaptation TWG, Barangay DRRM Council and
Officers.
Assessment and Prioritization of Programs and Projects identified in the Alubijid LCCAP
2016-2030
Preparation of an IEC Plan to ensure Transparency and Accountability in the

Implementation of the LCCAP
Review and Revision of the LCCAP and DRRM Budget for Institutional Structure and
Mechanism;
Programs/Projects for implementation; Implementation Partnership Arrangements and IEC

Promotions
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7. Institutional Arrangements
A. The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (MDRRMC).

Chairman:
Alvin Giovanni A. Labis, Municipal Mayor
Co-Chairman:
Dr. Emmanuel L. Jamis, DVM, Vice

Mayor
Vice-Chairman on Preparedeness:
Ms. Marlene S. Pahunang, MLGOO
Vice-Chairman on Response:
Ms. Jeseelita Armecin, MSWDO
Vice-Chairman on Rehabilitation & Recovery:
Engr. Wilfredo Araneta, MEO
Vice-Chairman on Mitigation:
Mr. Jose J. Camensi, MPDO
Secretariat:
Tristan Lindsey K. Ares, MDRRMO
Members:
Dr. Lolita U. Roxas, M.D. - Municipal Health Officer (MHO)

Dr. Frederick Ll. Labis, DVM - Municipal Agriculture Officer (MAO)
Ms. Erna V. Marba - Municipal Budget Officer (MBO)
Ms. Celia J. Lagsa Municipal Treasurer
Ms. Dolly Jean A. Sabellina Municipal Accountant
Ms. Elna A. Cabrera HRMO
Ms. Ivy Gagno MEEDO
Ms. Ellen Sabellita - MNAO
Mr. Barry Balacuit Sanitary Inspector/MENRO Designate
Mr. Gerry Fabria - Alubijid DepEd District Supervisor
P/Insp. Marstar Dela Cruz Lorenzo - Chief of Police, PNP
F/Sr. Inspector Frederico H. Toledo, Jr. Alubijid Fire Marshall
Four (4) Accredited CSOs/NGOs/POs Representative:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mr. Magdaleno Galarrita KABALIKAT

Mr. Lester Magdugo BAYBAY FISHERFOLKS MPC
Ms. Pedra B. Villastique CALATCAT FARMERS MPC
Pastor Emmanuel Momo INTERFAITH FEDERATION
Engr. Joar Dy - Representative, MORESCO 1

Organizational Structure
MUNICIPAL MAYOR
CHAIRMAN
MUNICIPAL VICE MAYOR

CO-CHAIRMAN
DRRM OFFICER
SECRETARIAT
MEMBERS
MSWDO
OAS
PNP
CSO REP.
LCCAP CORE TEAM
MPDC
ACCOUNTANT
BFP
CSO REP.
MBO
HRMO
MLGOO
CSO REP.
MTO
MENRO
DEPED SPVR.
CSO REP.
MHO
MEO
ABC PRES.
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MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL

PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING STRUCTURE
MUNICIPAL
MAYOR
CHAIRMAN
MDRRM
OFFICER
SECRETARIAT
COMMITTEE ON
PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION
COMMITTEE ON
PREPAREDNESS
COMMITEE ON
RESPONSE
COMMITTEE ON
RECOVERY AND
REHABILITATION
Lead: MPDO
Lead: MLGOO
Lead: MSWDO
Lead: MEO
Support:
Support:
Support:
Support:
MPDC
BFP
MHO
MPDO
MHO
PNP
MEO
MSWDO
MSWDO
DEPED
OAS
MBO
MBO
ABC
ABC
ABC
PRIVATE SECTOR
MSDWO
PNP, BFP
CSO
CSO
PRIVATE SECTOR
CSO
PRIVATE SECTOR
DEPED
CSO
VOLUNTEERS
MORESCO
RESPONDERS
Avoid hazards
and mitigate their
potential impacts
by reducing
vulnerabilities
and exposure and
enhancing
capacities of
communities
Establish and
strengthen
capacities of
communities to
anticipate, cope
and recover from
the negative
impacts of
emergency
occurrences and
disasters.
Provide life
preservation and
meet basic
subsistence needs
of affected
population based
on acceptable
standards during
or immediately
after a disaster
Restore and
improve facilities,
livelihood and
living conditions
and organizational
capacities on
affected
communities, and
reduced disaster
risks in
accordance with
the building back
better principle.
B. Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (MDRRMO)

The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office/Operation Center is under the
Office of the Municipal Mayor located adjacent to the Alubijid Bureau of Fire Protection.
The MDRRMO is headed by the Municipal Mayor to be assisted by the appointed MDRRM Officer
and three (3) staff responsible for:
a. Administration and Training
b. Research and Planning
c. Operation and Warning
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MUNICIPAL MAYOR
MDRRM
Officer
Administration and
Training Staff
Research and
Planning Staff
Operation and
Warning Staff
ALERT Volunteers
C. Barangay DRRM Committee

Every Barangay has organized its functional Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Committee (BDRRMC) that composed of barangay officials and civil society groups in the barangays.
The punong barangay had appointed its Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Action Officer who will
coordinate and make reports on disaster preparedness activities to the Municipal DRRM Office.
8. Monitoring and Evaluation
Monitoring and evaluation are important aspects of the LCCAP. These will be led by the Local Climate
Change TWG to be designated by the Municipal Mayor aimed at learning from the activities what were
done and how they were done by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and impact. While the LCCAP is
set for long term, the strategies and plans are not totally fixed. If they are not working, or if the circumstances
change, then the LCCAP will need to be changed as well. Monitoring and evaluation informs municipal
government decision makers when plans are not working, and when circumstances have changed;
therefore, they provide information needed to make decisions about changes that are necessary in the plan
or in the implementation mechanisms. Since monitoring and evaluation are based on the targets and
planned activities during the various phases in the implementation of the action plan, setting the appropriate
key performance indicators and targets are crucial.
The LCCAP 2016-2030 is set up with the following systems:
1. collecting and recording the information;
2. analyzing the information; and
3. using information to inform decision makers
LCCAP monitoring is set annually and evaluation every three years. Annual monitoring provides information
that sets directions in setting priorities and budgets every year. Evaluation will focus on efficiency,
effectiveness and impacts. Monitoring is also through the periodic conduct of meetings of the CCA TWG
relative to plan implementation.
With its implementation plan already established, the assessment procedures of the effectiveness of the
municipalitys Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) 2016-2030 shall be pursued by the through the
Climate Change TWG and/or the LDRRMC assisted by the Municipal Planning and Development
Coordinator (MPDC), Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) and the municipal
governments other authorized program monitoring and evaluation task units and work groups.
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Monitoring, review and evaluation are to be performed basically for the purpose of assessing how fully and
how effectively the climate change mitigation and adaptation plan is being carried out. On the whole, the
process is meant to assess the overall impact of the plan to the quality of life of the population.
In undertaking the municipals review, monitoring and evaluation of the LCCAP implementation and
enforcement the following steps shall be adopted:
1. Creation of the LCCAP Monitoring Review and Evaluation (MRE) Teams.
As an important initial step in the M and E, the establishment of Monitoring Review and Evaluation
Teams should be undertaken and ensured of the membership of the municipal government personnel
like those at the MPDO, MENRO, OAS, MSWDO and LDRRMO. It will include multi-stakeholders from
the private sector and civil society as well. The team shall be a coordinative body, which should also
include representatives from barangays.
2. Development of Monitoring Systems and Procedures.
At this stage, the development of monitoring systems and procedures shall include the establishment
of indicators, benchmark data and frequency of monitoring activities to serve as guide in monitoring in
the following aspects:
a. Quality of Life Assessment using the essential elements of the Vision adopted by Iloilo City through
the lens of climate change. This aspect of assessment can be done through:
i.
The Vision Reality Gap Analysis, Setting the Vision-Planning approach. These indicators
of abilities (to be) or capabilities (to do) include, among others, health (to be healthy);
nutrition (to be well-nourished); education (to be educated or to be knowledgeable and
skilled); fertility (to bear and rear desired number of children); and migration (to travel in
search of better economic and social opportunities)
ii.
Use of Core Indicators for Gender-Responsive Population and Development (POPDEV)

Planning
b. Project Implementation Monitoring System/Scheme (PMS) is basically a systematic design of

monitoring a particular project. It is a systematic, timely, and regular gathering of feedback about
the progress of a project in terms of inputs, operations and outputs, and the timely provision of
appropriate support or intervention, if need be. Actual data is compared with the plan to determine
whether clearance from funding and support agencies has been sought and whether there are any
deviations from the original plan. The cause of deviations, if any, are examined and
solutions/persons likely to solve the problem and necessary interpretations are identified.
c.
Conduct of review and evaluation of action taken and development outcomes to determine
relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The intent is to incorporate lessons
learnt in the process.
3. Conduct of actual monitoring consistent with the developed system and procedures
a.
Conduct comparing sessions/consultative workshop on indicator of well-being for quality of life

assessment.
b.
Conduct decision mapping sessions/consultations/workshops on impacts of climate changeresponsive projects, activities, policies
c.
Conduct project monitoring sessions/consultation/workshop

implementation of activities, program/projects and policies.
LCCAP CORE TEAM
to
determine
stages
of
49
(2016 2030)
Revised Version 1.1
4. Evaluation of the results of the monitoring activities

a.
On-going Evaluation
On going and periodic evaluation is conducted to provide early feedback to project management
on the following concerns: policies affecting the project; attainment of sectoral goals and
objectives; adequacy of institutional arrangements; and the appropriateness of project design and
the level of resources. One familiar activity is the conduct of mid-program and project evaluation
to determine if the assumptions made regarding the project environment and target group are still
valid. The review likewise helps determine whether the project should be modified due to
environmental constraints. Moreover, the review can ascertain how natural phenomena, local
political events, national and international incidents have affected the project.
b.
Post Evaluation
On the other hand, post evaluation involves the systematic and objective assessment of completed
climate change-responsive development projects. It may be done at the end of the project or
sometime thereafter. It analyzes project outcomes and the underlying factors which contribute to
the projects success or failure so that it can identify the features that deserve replication in future
projects as well as the pitfalls that need to be avoided. The monitoring of LCCAP implementation
will be integrated through the established Project Monitoring Committee (PMC).
5. Submission of monitoring, review and evaluation reports, findings and recommendations to the
Municipal Mayor and the Sangguniang Bayan for consideration and appropriate action.
Findings and recommendations may lead to:
a.
Revisions of strategies, projects, programs, activities or policies provided for in the LCCAP and
environmental regulations and development control mechanisms defined in the LCCAP.
b.
Repacking and refocusing of programs and projects, including financial aspects.

Flow Chart for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Alubijid LCCAP 2016-2030
Organize
Monitoring
Review
Evaluation
(MRE)
Team
LCCAP CORE TEAM
Develop
monitoring
systems
and
procedures
Conduct
actual
monitoring
Evaluate
results of
monitoring
activities
Prepare
review and
evaluation
50

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FOR A SELF-RELIANT, CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTIVE AND DISASTER RESILIENT

COMMUNITY IN THE PROVINCE OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

Physical and Environmental Profile .................................................................................................................................8

Population and Demographics ........................................................................................................................................ 13

Settlement Pattern and Housing .................................................................................................................................... 14

Economic Trends ................................................................................................................................................................... 15

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 16

History of Disaster in Alubijid ........................................................................................................................................... 16

Vulnerability and Adaptability of Alubijid, Misamis Oriental ............................................................................. 19

Vulnerability Assessment ................................................................................................................................................... 21

Vulnerability Assessment Framework .................................................................................... 21

Stakeholder Processes ............................................................................................................ 21

Exposure Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

Historical Trends and Observed Changes ............................................................................ 23

Bio-Physical Impacts Of Climate Change ............................................................................. 27

Sensitivity Analysis ................................................................................................................................................................ 29

Social Sector .............................................................................................................................. 29

Economic Sector ....................................................................................................................... 30

Infrastructure Sector ................................................................................................................. 33

Environment Sector .................................................................................................................. 34

Institutional Sector .................................................................................................................... 35

Summary of Sensitivity Drivers and Perceived Threat Level ............................................. 35

THE ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................................................................. 40

2. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. 41

Adaptation Measures ........................................................................................................................................................... 41

5. Project Financing ........................................................................................................................................... 44

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

8. Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................................................... 48

LCCAP CORE TEAM

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

LCCAP CORE TEAM

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

MESSAGE OF THE MUNICIPAL MAYOR

Alvin Giovanni A. Labis

LCCAP CORE TEAM

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

LCCAP CORE TEAM

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

The National Climate Change Action Plan 2011 - 2028

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

LCCAP CORE TEAM

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

BACKGROUND OF ALUBIJID MUNICIPALITY

Source: Verum Terra Geoscience Inc.

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Revised Version 1.1

Source : DENR, 1999

Alienable & Disposal Land

Classified Forest Land

Unclassified Forest Land

Table 3. Actual Land Use

AREA (IN HECTARES)

LCCAP CORE TEAM

TOTAL LAND AREA (IN

LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLAN