Table of Contents

Introduction................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Analyze the differing resource requirements of organizations in different
sectors of the economy.............................................................................................. 3
1.1.1

Agri-based business resource management...............................................3

1.1.2

Engineering based resource management.................................................4

1.1.3

Call Center Business resource requirement................................................4

1.2 Outline key requirements relevant to resource management in organizations

in different sectors of the economy............................................................................4
2.1

Evaluate how the use of physical resources is monitored and managed..........5

2.2

Evaluate the impact of resource wastage........................................................6

2.3

Assess the costs of high profile technological failures......................................7

2.4

Assess the business case for the use of ethical and sustainable resources......8

2.4.1

Use of Ethical Resources............................................................................. 8

2.4.2

Use of Sustainable Resources.....................................................................8

3.1

Assess the need for human resource planning in the workplace......................8

3.2

Using motivational theories, analyze what motivates people...........................9

3.3

Evaluate the methods used to monitor and improve employee performance.11

Key performance indicators (KPIs).........................................................................12

Appraisals.............................................................................................................. 12
Statistics e.g. sales figures.................................................................................... 12
Targets................................................................................................................... 13
Customer feedback............................................................................................... 13
3.4

Assess the effectiveness of reward systems in different contexts..................13

Performance related pay....................................................................................... 13

Bonuses................................................................................................................. 13
Advancement/promotion....................................................................................... 13
Share options........................................................................................................ 14
4.1
Monitor the use of physical resources against performance measures and
procedures............................................................................................................... 14
4.2

Analyze data on employee performance.........................................................15

Statistics e.g. sales figures.................................................................................... 15

Targets................................................................................................................... 15
Repeat Sales.......................................................................................................... 15
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4.3

Report on the effective use of human and physical resources........................15

4.4

Make recommendations to improve efficiency................................................16

References................................................................................................................ 17

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Introduction

Resource is basically a stock or supply of materials, staff, money or other

assets that are necessary for the effective working of an organization.
Resource management can be defined as the effective and efficient
application of resources of business when and where needed. According to
businessdictionary.com Resource management consists upon planning
phase, allocating resources to specific tasks, like the resource of work force,
machinery, finance, materials, inventory and production resources.

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1.1 Analyze the differing resource requirements of organizations

in different sectors of the economy

Resource is basically a stock or supply of materials, staff, money or other

assets that are necessary for the effective working of an organization.
Resource are the backbone of the business regardless of the business nature.
1.1.1 Agri-based business resource management
In the scenario of agriculture business, stem which is the family business
require the following types of resources for the completion of coming projects
with efficiency (Schmidhuber, et al, 2009).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Soil and water

Land
Storage which can be dry and cold.
Mechanization tools
Place for parking
Toilets, containers
Steel in order to support the troughs

1.1.2 Engineering based resource management

The second business is about the steel and its manufacturing products which
are part of the engineering sector. The business manufactures rail cars,
planes and panels systems for ships. The resources which are required for
the this type of business are as follows (Worldsteel.org, 2012)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Coal and coke for steel making

Iron ore
Limestone
Recycling steel machine
Supply chain

1.1.3 Call Center Business resource requirement

Call center business is service based business. This business helps
customers to solve their problems though phones calls. The role of work

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force is highly significant in this type of business. For the smooth running of
this type of business following requirement are mandatory.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Legal framework and license from the government

Skilled work force
Highly secure network system
Satellite system for communication purpose.
Antivirus programs to defend the system from different types of
viruses.

1.2

Outline key requirements relevant to resource management

in organizations in different sectors of the economy

According to Oakland & Porter Organizational resources management

requires a special effort to deep look in routine workings and operations of
business. Wiser financial decisions, strengthening workforce, managing
capital budgets, delayed payments to debts, perpetual inventory system,
and effective system to monitor performance of machines are the key
elements to manage business resources.
Resource management include different day to day activities like managing
inventory from storage and excess, payments and account receivable,
delivery of products and services to the customers etc. There are number of
automotive software which are used by the business to manage their
resources efficiently and effectively. (Naylor, 2002)
Three businesses namely, service oriented call center business, agriculture
based business and engineering based business are also required to manage
their resources efficiently and effectively. For management of resources to
the above business I will suggest the following tools.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

These business should use logic whenever they purchase anything.

There should be a standards for financial spending.
The suppliers should be keep in touch.
Automotive software should be used for inventory.
The supply chain system should be computerized.

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6. The supplier should be paid instantly and must have long term
relationship with them.

2.1 Evaluate how the use of physical resources is monitored and

managed

Each type of resources either they are physical or human are quite important
for the health business. Without the effective use of these resources it is
impossible for the business to be successful. Therefore its the responsibility
of the managers to effectively and efficiently manage the resources to take
the maximum profit along with the business growth.
The first thing to do is to plan the resources which the business needs the
most. The companies can help from the previous data like the usage, trends
and development etc. while planning the resources for the coming project.
The plan should be in line with the organizational objectives and policies. For
the acquisition of physical resources, the companies must find the cost
benefit analysis. The suppliers should be identified first and the materials
should be according to the needs of the project. Of this purpose a long term
relationship is required with the suppliers as well.
The companies must have a strong monitoring unit who monitor the physical
resources, motivate and encourage the coworker while giving the
responsibilities regarding the efficient use of resources.
The companies should also take care of resources. They should use physical
resources which has the least effect on environment. The quality of resources
should be according to the ISO standard and total quality management unit
should be formed so that the environment is protected. There should be an

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immediate response to the problem exist in the physical resources. Proper

software should be use for the recording of the physical resources.
In short the companies should take the following steps while managing and
monitoring of physical resources.
1.
2.
3.
4.

2.2

Planning for the physical resources

Obtaining physical resources from the suppliers.
Making sure adequate resources are available for the project
Monitor the resources properly

Evaluate the impact of resource wastage

In the mentioned business that is agricultural the main physical resources

which the business needs are water for irrigation and other purposes, land
for corps and its fertility, seeds for production and machinery. Wastage of
these resources can result in higher cost and will reduce the profits. This will
also create the negative image of the company. The company will not be
able to manufacture products on time hence the customers will lose their
trust.
In the engineering based business the main physical resources are the
steels, raw materials, system panels etc. Similarly in call center business the
network, teams of experts, IT related tools etc. The wastage of these
resources results in reduced sales, ineffective manufacturing process and low
morale.

2.3 Assess the costs of high profile technological failures

Technological failures are the sign of loss for the company. Therefore it is
advised that the company should keep backup with them. This backup will
help them to carry on their process when the existing technology fail.
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All business either its agricultural or manufacturing or service based the use
of technology is important part of the business. Those business which ignore
the use of technology suffer huge loss. Similarly if each of the business must
provide related training, so that they are capable of security protection
against threats etc. (Luo & Warkentin, 2005). The following are the few
technological aspects of the business.
NHS computer system
NHA computer system is a system which is used by the company for their
operations. When these connection failed to respond a company can go in a
huge loss because the company cannot access to important information
which are useful in day to day transaction. These system must have a
backup in the manual form which will carry on the business if this system
failed.
Fire service control center system
Fire service control system can cause a severe loss for a company if this
system fail. It is not only harmful for the human resource but also for other
resources as well. The company can go into bankruptcy due to failure in this
system.
MOD procurement system
Failure of this system will not only effect a single industry but it will have
effect on all industries in the country and as well on the country.

2.4 Assess the business case for the use of ethical and
sustainable resources.

Ethical and sustainable resources help out companies a huge profit. When
the organization has trust and sustainability the stakeholders are fair with
that organization and try to help that organization either in the form of
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buying the products, supplying a pure products, investment in the

organization etc. There are many advantages of ethical and sustainable
resources. Following are few to discuss.
2.4.1 Use of Ethical Resources
Ethics in business is considered as raking the right course of actions on right
time. Ethics should be followed in each and every process of business like
productions, doing transactions, dealing with employees, and other
important stakeholders of the company. Ethics of the business include
understanding of business dealings, responsibilities of the business, and
unity of the business etc.
2.4.2 Use of Sustainable Resources
The word sustainability means that making such arrangement which
guarantee that the people of the comping era will have the same type of life
and enjoyment as the people of the todays era is enjoying. Sustainability
also refer to the balance approach of economic activity and its impact on the
environment. The sustainability and ethics in business is necessary in all of
the three types of business.

3.1 Assess the need for human resource planning in the

workplace
Human resources planning is defined as the process of evaluating an
organization's human resources requirements in the presence of
organizational goals and changing condition and making plans to certify that
a competent, constant workforce is employed.
According to Foot & Hook Human resource planning at workplace is an
important factor or component of Strategic Human Resource Management.
This planning has a direct linkage with overall strategic plans of business
especially if it is concerned with service oriented sector like call centers or
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professional service related businesses. The importance of planning of

Human Resource is as essential as the planning for finance related decisions
required.
In the given three business in the scenario, in agricultural business the role
of man is very important because it plays a vital role in product production,
thus the workforce trainings are very essential. Similarly in manufacturing
business of steel, the trainings of managers and engineers is very important
because these two are the backbones of the company business. Thus their
trainings are important for the maximum output. On the other hand the
trainings of the services type business is essential part of the business
because each and every employee of the service type business like call
service center to handle the clients with comfort and to make a long
relationship with them.

3.2 Using motivational theories, analyze what motivates people.

Herzberg
In 1956 concluded a two-dimensional theory affecting peoples attitudes
about work. According to Herzberg company policy, supervision,
interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are hygiene factors
rather than motivators. The absence of hygiene factors can create job
dissatisfaction, but their presence does not motivate or create satisfaction.
Maslow
In 1954, Maslow published Motivation and Personality theory which
concluded that how people satisfy their personal needs while they are in the
situation of working. He find out that there is a general pattern of needs
recognition and satisfaction which all people follow in the same sequence.
He introduced the concept of prepotency which says that a person is not able

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to recognize or pursue the next higher need in the hierarchy until her or his
currently need is not completed
Maslows Hierarchy of needs
LevelType of Need

Examples

Self-Actualization

To fulfil ones potentialities

Esteem

Self-respect, the respect others

Love and Belonging

Love and beloved, gain a sense of

belonging
2

Safety

Security,

Physiological

protection
Thirst, sex, hunger

McGregor
In 1960 McGregor suggested a motivation in the workplace theory in his
book Human Side of Enterprise. These views are known as Theory X and
Theory Y.
Theory X
McGregor suggest that there are people in the workplace who are
pessimistic. They dislike work and are not ambitious. They are self-centered
and want to avoid responsibility. Managers who agree with this assumptions
believe that only money, promotions and job security can motivate
employees in the workplace. Thus there should be a use of command and
control approach with employees.

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Theory Y
It is based on an optimistic view and employees think that work in enjoyable
and are working for the organizational goal and are willing to take the
responsibility. Theory Y assumes that employees are capable of creativity,
ingenuity and self-direction. Managers who believe on this approach think
that employees are motivated. All they want is just self-esteem and sense of
fulfillment.
Expectancy Theory
Vroom's expectancy theory believes that behavior results from cognizant
selections among substitutes whose rationale is to exploit pleasure and to
minimize pain. Vroom concluded that an employee's performance is based
on personal factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and
abilities. He stated that effort, performance and motivation are linked in a
person's motivation. He uses the variables Expectancy, Instrumentality and
Variance.
From the above discussion I suggest the following points which need to be
followed by every type of organization.
1. Employees should be satisfied with the help of proper salaries and
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

compensations.
The work place should be friendly and cooperative.
Employees should be participated in decision making.
Employees should be awarded on the basis of performance.
Job security should be available for them.
Work should be assigned to groups not to individual.

3.3 Evaluate the methods used to monitor and improve

employee performance

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Performance and motivation are directly related to one another. The higher
the motivation of the employees the higher will be the performance of the
employees because the employees will work with zeal and enthusiasm, and
the organization output will be high. Every business main motto is to earn
profit. For high profit the organization need to adopt various techniques and
methodologies.
There are various methods used for the monitoring of performance.
Key performance indicators (KPIs)
A key performance indicator is a business metric used to evaluate factors
that crucial to the success of an organization. KIPS differ per organization.
Like Business use this method by the net revenue or with the help of
customer loyalty. The higher the revenue and loyalty of the customers the
greater will be the performance of the business while government use the
same key performance indicator on the basis of unemployment rate. The
lower is the unemployment rate the higher will be the performance of the
government.

Appraisals
A performance appraisal (PA), is also known as performance review,
performance evaluation. It is a method by which the performance of an
employee is evaluated. Career development is based on the performance
appraisals because it is the employee performance regular review.
Performance appraisals are based on three main methods
1.

Objective Production

2.

Personnel

3.

Judgmental evaluation

The most common is the judgmental evaluation method because it is easy

and convenient as well.
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Statistics e.g. sales figures

Statistics of a company speaks about the performance of an employees.
These statistics include sales figures statistics, employee workdays.
Employees bonuses etc. The higher the statistics of the company the higher
will be the sales figures and the high will be the performance of the
employees. This method is highly used in the banking sectors for the
investment. Employees are asked for the investment and the higher
investment the person bring to the bank the higher will be the statics of that
bank. Best employees is usually given on the basis of these statistics.
Targets
A company usually set targets for achievement and these targets are
achieved with the help of employees. Those employees who participated
more in the achievement of targets will have much more importance and will
be consider the employee of the month.
Customer feedback
Usually the feedback of the customers is the most important thing for the
customers evaluation because in most of the business customer is
considered as boss. If the customer pass a good review and give a big
feedback in the form of purchases then the employees will be judged with
the help of those feedbacks.

3.4 Assess the effectiveness of reward systems in different

contexts
Employees are rewarded on the basis of their performance and companies
uses different reward system. Either those business are of manufacturing or
services or other type of business like agriculture. Following are the methods
are used for effectiveness of reward systems.
Performance related pay
Most of the business employees have their pay on the basis of their
performance. The higher the performance of the employee is in the
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achieving of the goal the more compensation will be provided by them from
the company.
Bonuses
Company pay bonuses at the end of the year to their employees for its
performance. Those employee who did well throughout the year will have
high bonuses from employers as compare to those who use less. This
bonuses can be in the form of monetary and non-monetary form. Some
companies provide vehicles to their employees for use and other pay lump
sum amount so that the employees motivate and increase its interest in the
work.
Advancement/promotion
A promotion is the advancement of an employees position within an
organization system. Organizations usually promote employee for their best
performance. Before doing so the company judge an employees with
different examinations, test, work performance and interviews because an
improvement will lead that employee into more responsibilities. This
advancement can be in the form of designation, salary or any other benefits.
Share options
Organization sometime offer share options at a discount which means that
they offer ownership to their employees so that they start working hard and
participate in the workplace with motivation. The employee is now the owner
of the company and the motivation level will increase and the employee will
work with enthusiasm and enjoy while working in the company.

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4.1

Monitor the use of physical resources against performance

measures and procedures

The following is the use of physical resources against performance measures

and procedures of steel industry. The following process should be followed by
the company.
1. Every member of the team should take responsibility individually for
2.
3.
4.
5.
4.2

effective use pf physical resources.

Monitoring of physical resource with time interval
The methods should be realistic, reliable and comparable.
If found any mistake in the process, corrective actions should be taken.
The record should be accurate and complete in every sense.
Analyze data on employee performance

The employee performance of the above mentioned three companies can be

evaluated with the help of the following methods.
Statistics e.g. sales figures
Statistics of a company speaks about the performance of an employees.
These statistics include sales figures statistics, employee workdays.
Employees bonuses etc. The higher the statistics of the company the higher
will be the sales figures and the high will be the performance of the
employees. This method is highly used in the banking sectors for the
investment. Employees are asked for the investment and the
Targets
A company usually set targets for achievement and these targets are
achieved with the help of employees and physical resources. Physical
resources are monitored and are set for the targets .Those employees who
participated more in the achievement of targets will have much more
importance and will be consider the employee of the month.

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Repeat Sales
It the customers want the products again and again then we can say that the
physical resource and as well as the human resources are used in a proper
way and the products made are of great importance to the customer and
hence it will result in huge profit.

4.3 Report on the effective use of human and physical resources

The human resource and physical resources are the main modules for the
accomplishment of any organization. From our daily life examples like steel
manufacturing business, agricultural business and call center business etc.
the effectiveness of human and physical resources can never be eliminated.
The human resource i-e the employees of the business is considered as an
assets for the business and the effective use of these resources can lead the
business into a huge profit and strong brand image. In 1950 behavioral
scientists start considering human resource as an asset.
According to Maund It is general that despite of reality that a business
possess huge amount of latest technology and other physical resources but if
they are not put rightly on right place, the results ceased to grow and this is
Human Resource who manage all physical resources.
Following are the questions which are used for the resource placement. If a
business follow these questions it will result in growth of the business and as
well as in huge profit.

What is the accurate amount of human resources needed to run the

organizational functions properly?

What is the amount of total cost occurred on annual investment?

Ratio of productive human resources against total available human

resources

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4.4 Make recommendations to improve efficiency

Employees performance and efficiency is one of the most important topic

ever discussed among managers. It is believed that the cause behind the low
output and efficiency is the lower staff and workers but this is not the right
believe. The high management should investigate the root cause by taking
corrective measures.
The following recommendations should be taken to improve efficiency by all
types of business either its manufacturing or services or agricultural
business.

Proper accountability

Guiding and managing the workers properly.

Encouraging and motivating positively the employees.

Setting targets and parameter for the performance of the employees

Team work should be maintained.

Regularly train your employees to improve the abilities.

Make sure the actions are given more time rather than meetings.

Providing employees latest technology.

Taking continuous feedback

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References

Business ethics and sustainability in the steel industry (2011) A Tata Steel
case study.
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[Accessed 1 September 2014].
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Them Business Essay. s.l.:s.n.
Foot, M. & Hook, C., 2002. Introducing to Human Resource Management. 3rd
ed. s.l.:Prentice Hall.
Luo , X. & Warkentin , M., 2005. Assessment of Information Security spending
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Manoharan, T. R., Muralidharan, C. & Deshmukh, S. G., 2009. Employee
Performance Appraisal Using Data Envelopment Analysis. A Case Study,
Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 17(1), pp. 92-111.
Maund, L., 2003. An Introduction to Human Resource Mangement: Theroy
and Practice. s.l.:s.n.
Mullins, L., 2004. Management and Organizational Behaviour. 6th ed.
s.l.:Prentice Hall.
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Naylor, J., 2002. Introduction to Operations Management. 2nd ed.

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[Accessed 3 September 2014].
Schmidhuber, J., Bruinsma, J. & Boede, G., 2009. Expert Meeting on How to
Feed the World in 2050. CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AGRICULTURE IN
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO 2050, pp. 3-17.
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%20materials2011.pdf
[Accessed 1 September 2014].

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