CHAPTER 4 Obligations of the Vendor

SECTION 1
General Provisions
Article 1495. The _______is _______to ________the ________of and______, as well as
_______the ______which is the ______of the_______. (1461a)
Article 1496. The _______of the ________ ______ is _______by the _______from the moment it is _______to
him in any of the _______ specified in articles _______ to_______, or in _______other _______ _______an
_______ that the _______ is _______ from the
_______ to the_______. (n)
SECTION 2
Delivery of the Thing Sold
Article 1497. The _______
_______
shall be understood as _______, when it is _______ in the
_______ and _______ of the _______. (1462a)
Article 1498. When the _______
is made through a _______ ______, the _______
thereof shall be
_______
to the _______ of the _______ which is the _______ of the _______, if from the _______
the
_______
does not _______
or _______
_______
be _______.
With regard to _______
property, its _______ may also be _______ by the _______
_______
of the _______ or _______
where it is _______
or _______. (1463a)
Article 1499. The _______ of _______ property may likewise be _______ by the
_______
_______
or _______
of the _______ _______, if the _______
be _______

_______ _______

to the _______ of the _______ at the _______ of the _______, or if the _______

in his _______ for any other reason. (1463a) Article 1500. There may also be _______

of the

already had it

_______

_______. (n)
Article 1501. With respect to _______ property, the _______
of the _______
paragraph of article _______
shall _______. In any other case wherein said provisions are
_______
_______, the _______ of the _______ of _______
in the _______ of the _______ or the
_______
by the _______
of his _______, with the _______
_______, shall be understood as a
_______. (1464)
Article 1502. When _______ are _______ to the _______ __ _____ __ _____ to
_______ the _______ an _______ to _______ the _______ instead of paying the
_______, the _______ passes to the _______ on _______, but he may _______
the _______ in the
_______
by _______
or _______ the _______
within the _______ _______ in the _______, or, if
_______
time has been _______, within a _______
time.
(n)
When _______ are _______ to the _______ on _______
or on _______ or on _______, or other similar
_______, the _______ therein _______
to the _______:
(1) When he _______
his _______ or _______
to the
_______ or does any other act adopting the _______;
(2) If he does _______ signify his _______ or _______ to the _______, but _______
the _______ without giving _______ of _______, then if a _______ has been
_______ for the _______ of the _______, on the _______ of such _______, and,
if _______ time has been _______, on the _______ of a _______ time. What is a
reasonable time is a _______ of _______ .(n)
1503. When there is a contract of sale of _______
_______, the _______ may, by the _______ of the
_______, _______
the _______ of _______
or _______
in the _______ until certain conditions have
been _______. The right of _______ or _______ may be thus _______
notwithstanding the _______ of the
goods to the _______ or to a _______ or other _______
for the purpose of _______
to the _______.

Article
Where goods are _______, and by the _______ of _______ the goods are _______ to the
_______
or his _______, or to the _______
of the _______ or of his _______, the _______
thereby _______
the _______ in the _______. But, if ________ for the form of the bill of ________, the
________ would have ________to the buyer on ________of the goods, the seller's property in the ________ shall
be deemed to be only for the purpose of ________ ________ by the buyer of his
________under the contract.
Where goods are ________, and by the bill of lading the goods are ________ to order of the buyer or of his agent,
but ________of the bill of lading is ________ by the seller or his ________, the seller thereby ________ a right to
the possession of the goods as against the ________.
Where the seller of goods ________ on the buyer for the ________ and ________ the
_______ of _______and _______of _______ together to the buyer to ________ ________ or ________ of the bill of
exchange, the buyer is ________ to return the bill of lading if he does not ________ the bill of exchange, and if he
_______
________ the bill of lading he ________ no added ________thereby. If, however, the bill of lading
provides that the goods are _______to the buyer or to the order of the buyer, or is ________ in _______, or to the
buyer by the ________named therein, one who purchases in ________
faith, for _______, the bill of lading, or
goods from the buyer will ________ the _______ in the goods, although the bill of exchange has not been
_______, provided that such _______ has received delivery of the bill of lading _______by the _______ named
therein, or of the goods, without _______ of the _______making the transfer _______. (n)
Article 1504. Unless otherwise________, the ________ ________ at the seller's ________ until the
________therein is ________ to the ________, but when the ________ therein is ________ to the ________ the
________ are at the ________ risk whether ________l delivery has been made or not, except that:
(1) Where ________of the ________ has been ________ to the _______or to a _______for the buyer, in
pursuance of the _______and the _______in the goods has been _______by the seller merely to
secure _______by the buyer of his obligations under the contract, the _______are at the buyer's
_______from the _______of such
_______;
(2) Where _______delivery has been ________ through the ________ of either the
_______or _______the goods are at the _______ of the party in ________. (n)
Article 1505. Subject to the provisions of this Title, where _______are ________ by a
_______who is not the ________ thereof, and who does not _______them under ________ or with the ________
of the owner, the buyer ________ no _______title to the goods than the seller had, unless the ________of the
goods is by his _______precluded from _______the seller's _______to sell.
Nothing in this Title, however, shall affect:
(1) The provisions of any _______act, ________laws, or any other provision of law enabling the _______
owner of goods to ________ of them as if he were the
_______owner thereof;
(2) The ________ of any contract of sale under ________ power of ________ or under the order of a court of
competent jurisdiction;
(3) ________ made in a _______store, or in _______, or _______, in accordance with the Code of
________ and ________
laws. (n)
Article 1506. Where the seller of goods has a ________ title thereto, but his title has not been ________at the
time of the sale, the buyer ________ a good ________ to the goods, provided he buys them in ________ faith,
for ________, and without ________ of the seller's ________ of title. (n)
Article 1507. A ________ of title in which it is stated that the ________ referred to therein will be _______to the
________, or to the _______of any person _______in such document is a ________ document of title. (n)
Article 1508. A ________ document of title may be negotiated by _______:
(1) Where by the ________
of the ________the ________, ________ or other ________issuing the
same undertakes to ________the goods to the ________ ; or (2) Where by the _______ of the
document the carrier, _________ or other _______ issuing the same undertakes to ________the goods
to the ________of a specified ________, and such person or a subsequent _______ of the document has
_______ it in ________ or to the
________.

Where by the ________of a _______document of ________the ________are

_______ to _______ or where a _______ document of _______has been _______in _______or to
_______, any ________may _______the same to _______or to any specified person, and in such case
the _______shall thereafter be _______only by the ________ of such _______. (n)
Article 1509. A _______ document of _______may be ________ by the _______ of the
_______to whose _______the _______ are by the ________ of the document _______. Such _______ may be in
_______, to _______or to a specified person. If ________ to a specified person, it may be ______ _______ by the
_______of such person in _______, to _______or to another _______person. Subsequent _______may be made
in like manner. (n)
Article 1510. If a _______of title which _______an undertaking by a _______, _______ or other _______to
_______the _______to _______, to a _______person or order of a specified person or which contains words of
like _______, has placed upon it the words "_______," "_______" or the like, such _______may nevertheless be
_______by the _______and is a negotiable document of title within the meaning of this Title. But nothing in this
_______ contained shall be _______as _______ or _______ the _______upon the _______of the _______,
_______, or other _______issuing a document of title or _______thereon the words "not negotiable," "nonnegotiable," or the like. (n)
Article 1511. A document of title which is _______in such _______ that it can be _______by
_______may be _______by the _______by delivery to a _______ or _______. A
__ _____document cannot be _______and the _______of such a document gives the
_______ no additional _______. (n)
Article 1512. A _______ document of title may be _______:
(1) By the _______ thereof; or
(2) By any _______to whom the _______ or _______ of the _______has been
_______by the _______, if, by the _______of the document the _______ issuing the ________undertakes
to _______the _______to the _______of the person to whom the _______ or _______ of the _______has
been _______, or if at the _______of such _______the _______is in such _______that it may be _______
by _______. (n) 1513. A _______to whom a _______ document of title has been duly _______ _______
thereby:
(1) Such _______ to the _______as the person _______ the _______ to him had or had _______ to
_______ to a _______ in good faith for _______ and also such _______to the _______ as the
_______to whose _______the _______were to be _______by the _______of the _______had or had
_______to _______to a _______ in _______faith for _______; and
(2) The _______ obligation of the _______ issuing the _______to hold _______of the
_______for him according to the _______of the document as _______ as if such
_______had _______directly with him. (n)
Article 1514. A _______to whom a document of title has been _______, but not _______, _______ thereby, as
against the _______, the _______ to the goods, subject to the _______of any _______with the _______.
If the document is __ ______, such person also _______ the right to _______ the
_______who _______the document of the _______ thereof, and thereby to _______ the _______ obligation of
such _______to hold ________of the _______for him according to the _______ of the document.
_______to the _______ to such _______by the _______ or _______ of a non-negotiable document of title, the
_______of the _______ to the _______and the _______to _______ the _______of such bailee may be _______
by the _______ of an _______ of _______ upon the goods by a _______ of the _______, or by a _______to such
_______by the _______or a _______purchaser from the _______of a subsequent _______of the goods by the
_______.
(n)
Article 1515. Where a negotiable document of title is _______for _______by _______, and the _______ of the
_______is _______ for _______, the _______acquires a right against the

Article
_______to compel him to _______ the _______unless a contrary _______ appears. The _______shall take effect
as of the _______when the _______ is actually _______. (n)
Article 1516. A person who for _______
_______ or _______ a document of title by_______ or _______,
including one who _______ for _______a claim _______by a
document of title unless a contrary _______ appears, warrants:
(1) That the _______is _______;
(2) That he has a _______ right to _______or _______it;
(3) That he has _______ of no fact which would _______ the _______ or _______ of
the _______; and
(4) That he has a right to _______ the _______to the goods and that the goods are
_______ or _______ for a particular _______, whenever such _______ would have
been _______ if the contract of the parties had been to _______ without a
_______of title the goods represented thereby. (n)
Article 1517. The _______ of a document of title shall not make the _______ liable for any _______ on the
_______of the _______ who issued the document or previous _______ thereof to _______their respective
_______. (n)
Article 1518. The ________of the _______of a _______document of title is not _______ by the fact that the
_______was a _______ of duty on the _______of the ________making the _______, or by the fact that the
_______of the document was _______of the _______of the same by _______, _______, _______, _______,
_______, _______, or _______, if the person to whom the _______was _______ or a _______to whom the
document was subsequently negotiated _______ value therefor in good faith without _______of the _______ of
_______, or _______, _______, _______, _______, _______, _______ or _______. (n) Article 1519. If _______
are ________to a _______ by the _______ or by a _______ whose _______ in _______ the _______ to them to a
_______ in _______ faith for _______ would _______ the _______ and a _______ document of _______ is
issued for them they cannot thereafter, while in _______ of such _______ , be _______ by _______or otherwise or
be _______ under an _______unless the _______be _______surrendered to the bailee or its negotiation
_______. The ________shall in no case be _______ to _______up the _______ _______ of the goods until the
_______is _______ to him or _______ by the _______ . (n)
Article 1520. A _______ whose _______ is the _______ of a _______ document of title shall be entitled to such
_______ from courts of appropriate ________by i_______and otherwise in _______ such _______ or in _______
the _______ by means thereof as is allowed at _______ or in _______ in regard to _______ which cannot readily
be _______ or _______ upon by _______ legal process. (n)
Article 1521. Whether it is for the _______to take _______of the _______or of the _______to
_______them to the _______is a _______depending in each case on the contract,
_______or _______, between the _______. Apart from any such contract, _______or
_______, or _______of _______to the contrary, the place of _______ is the seller's place of
_______if he has one, and if not his _______; but in case of a _______of sale of _______goods, which to the
_______of the parties when the _______or the _______was _______were in some other place, then that place is
the place of _______.
Where by a contract of sale the _______is _______to _______the goods to the _______, but no time for
_______them is _______, the seller is _______to send them within a _______time.
Where the goods at the time of _______are in the _______of a _______person, the seller has not _______his
_______to deliver to the buyer unless and until such _______person _______to the buyer that he _______the
goods on the buyer's behalf.
_______or _______of delivery may be _______as _______unless made at a _______hour.
What is a reasonable _______is a question of _______.
Unless otherwise _______, the _______of and _______to putting the _______into a
_______state must be _______by the _______. (n)

Article 1522. Where the _______ _______to the buyer a _______of goods _______than he _______to _______,
the _______may _______them, but if the buyer _______or _______the goods so _______, _______that the
_______is not going to _______the contract in _______, he must _______for them at the contract _______. If,
however, the _______has _______or _______of the goods _______before he knows that the seller is not going to
_______his contract in _______, the buyer shall not be _______for more than the _______value to him of the
_______so _______.
Where the seller _______to the _______a _______of goods _______than he _______to _______, the _______may
_______the _______included in the _______and _______the rest. If the _______
_______the _______of the
goods so delivered he must _______for them at the contract _______.
Where the seller _______to the buyer the _______he contracted to sell _______with goods of a different _______
not included in the contract, the _______may _______the goods which are in accordance with the _______and
_______the rest.
In the preceding two paragraphs, if the subject matter is _______, the _______may _______the _______of the
_______.
The provisions of this article are subject to any _______of _______, _______ _______, or course of
_______between the _______. (n)
1523. Where, in pursuance of a contract of sale, the _______is _______or _______to
_______the _______to the _______ _______of the goods to a _______, whether
_______by the buyer or not, for the purpose of _______to the buyer is deemed to be a _______of the goods to the
buyer, except in the cases provided for in article 1503, first, second and third paragraphs, or unless a contrary
_______
_______.
Unless otherwise _______by the buyer, the _______must make such _______with the
_______on _______of the _______as may be _______, having regard to the _______of the _______and the other
circumstances of the case. If the seller _______so to do, and the goods are _______or _______in _______of
_______, the buyer may _______to _______the _______to the _______as a _______to _______, or may
_______the seller _______in _______.
Unless otherwise _______, where _______are _______by the seller to the buyer under circumstances in which the
seller _______or _______to know that it is usual to _______, the seller must give such _______to the buyer as
may _______him to _______them during their
_______, and, if the seller _______to do so, the goods shall be deemed to be at his _______during such _______.
(n)
Article 1524. The _______shall not be _______to _______the _______ _______, if the
_______has not _______him the _______, or if no _______for the _______has been _______ in the _______.
(1466)
Article 1525. The seller of goods is deemed to be an _______ seller within the meaning of this Title:
(1) When the _______ of the _______has not been _______ or _______;
(2) When a _______ of _______or other negotiable instrument has been received as _______ payment, and
the _______on which it was _______has been _______ by reason of the _______of the _______, the
_______of the buyer, or otherwise. In articles 1525 to 1535 the term "_______" includes an _______of the
_______to whom the bill of lading has been _______, or a _______or _______who has himself _______,
or is
_______responsible for the _______, or any other _______who is in the _______of a _______. (n)
Article 1526. Subject to the provisions of this Title, notwithstanding that the _______in the goods may have
_______to the buyer, the _______seller of _______, as such, has:
(1) A _______on the goods or _______to _______them for the _______while he is in
_______of them;
(2) In case of the _______of the _______, a right of _______the goods
__ _______after he has _______with the _______of them;
(3) A right of _______as _______by this Title;
(4) A right to _______the _______as likewise _______by this Title.

Article
Where the _______in the goods has not _______to the buyer, the _______seller has, in addition to his other
_______a right of _______ _______similar to and _______with his _______of _______and _______in transitu
where the _______has _______to the _______.
(n)
Article 1527. Subject to the provisions of this Title, the _______seller of goods who is in _______of them is
entitled to _______possession of them until _______or _______of the price in the following cases, namely:
(1) Where the goods have been _______without any _______as to _______;
(2) Where the goods have been _______on _______, but the term of _______has
_______;
(3) Where the buyer becomes _______.
The _______may _______his _______of _______notwithstanding that he is in _______of the goods as _______or
_______for the _______. (n)
Article 1528. Where an _______seller has made _______ _______of the goods, he may _______his right of
_______on the _______, unless such part _______has been made under such circumstances as to show an
_______to _______the _______or right of _______. (n)
Article 1529. The _______seller of goods _______his _______thereon:
(1) When he _______the goods to a _______or other _______for the purpose of
_______to the buyer without _______the _______in the goods or the right to the
_______thereof;
(2) When the buyer or his _______ _______obtains ________of the goods;
(3) By _______thereof.
The _______seller of goods, having a _______thereon, does not _______his _______by reason only that he has
obtained _______or _______for the _______of the _______. (n)
Article 1530. Subject to the provisions of this Title, when the _______of goods is or becomes _______, the
_______ seller who has _______with the possession of the goods has the right of _______them in transitu, that is
to say, he may _______possession of the goods at any _______while they are in _______, and he will then
become _______to the same _______in regard to the _______as he would have had if he had _______
_______with the _______.
(n)
Article 1531. _______are in _______within the meaning of the preceding article:
(1) From the _______when they are _______to a _______by _______, _______, or _______, or other
_______for the purpose of _______to the buyer, until the buyer, or his
_______in that behalf, takes
_______of them from such _______or other
_______;
(2) If the goods are _______by the _______, and the carrier or other bailee _______in _______of them, even
if the _______has _______to _______them back.
_______ are ________longer in _______within the meaning of the preceding article:
(1) If the buyer, or his _______in that behalf, obtains _______of the goods before their
_______at the appointed _______;
(2) If, _______the _______of the goods at the _______ _______, the ________or other bailee ________to
the ________or his _______that he
________the goods on his _______ and _______ in ________of them as _______for the buyer or his
agent; and it is _______that further _______for the goods may have been indicated by the ________;
(3) If the carrier or other bailee _______
_______to ________the goods to the buyer or his
_______in that behalf.
If the goods are _______to a _______, _______ _______, _______, or _______ _______by the buyer, it is
a question depending on the circumstances of the particular case, whether they are in the ________of the
_______as such or as ________of the buyer.

If part _______of the goods has been made to the _______, or his _______in that behalf, the _______of the goods
may be _______ in transitu, unless such part _______has been under such circumstances as to _______an
_______with the _______to _______up _______of the _______of the ________. (n)
Article 1532. The _______ seller may exercise his ________of _______in transitu either by obtaining _______
possession of the _______or by giving _______of his _______to the _______or other _______in whose
_______the goods are. Such _______may be given either to the person in _______possession of the goods or to
his _______. In the latter case the _______, to be _______, must be given at such _______and under such
circumstances that the _______, by the
_______of
______ ________, may _______a _______to the
________.
When _______of _______in transitu is given by the _______to the _______, or other bailee in _______of the
goods, he must _______the goods to, or according to the _______of, the _______. The _______of such
_______must be _______by the _______. If, however, a
_______document of title
_______the goods has been issued by the _______or other
_______, he shall not be _______to _______or _______in _______the goods to the _______unless such
_______is first _______for _______. (n)
Article 1533. Where the _______are of _______nature, or where the seller _______ _______the right of
_______in case the _______should make _______, or where the buyer has been in _______in the _______of the
_______for an _______time, an _______seller having a _______of _______or having _______the goods in
transitu may _______the goods.
He shall not thereafter be _______to the _______buyer upon the contract of sale or for any _______made by such
_______, but may _______from the _______damages for any _______ occasioned by the _______of the contract
of
_______.
Where a _______is made, as _______in this article, the buyer _______a good _______as against the
_______buyer.
It is not _______to the _______of _______that
_______of an _______to _______the goods be given by the
seller to the _______buyer. But where the _______to _______is not _______on the _______nature of the
_______or upon an _______provision of the contract of sale, the _______or _______to give such _______shall be
_______in any _______involving the question whether the buyer had been in _______for an _______time before
the _______was made.
It is not _______to the _______of a _______that _______of the _______and _______of such _______should be
_______by the _______to the _______buyer.
The seller is _______to _______reasonable _______and _______in making a _______, and _______to this
_______ may make a _______either by _______or _______sale. He cannot, however, _______or _______buy the
_______. (n)
Article 1534. An _______
_______having the right of _______or having _______the goods in _______, may
_______the _______of _______and _______the _______in the goods, where he _______reserved the _______to
do so in case the buyer should make _______, or where the buyer has been in _______in the _______of the
________for an _______time. The _______shall not thereafter be _______to the buyer upon the contract of sale,
but may _______from the _______
_______for any _______occasioned by the _______of the contract.
The _______of title shall not be held to have been _______by an _______seller until he has _______by _______to
the _______or by some other _______act an _______to _______. It is not necessary that such _______act should
be _______to the _______, but the _______or _______to give _______to the
_______of the _______to
_______shall be relevant in any issue involving the question whether the buyer had been in _______for an
_______time before the right of _______was _______. (n)
Article 1535. Subject to the provisions of this Title, the _______seller's right of _______or _______in transitu is not
_______by any _______, or other _______of the goods which the _______may have made, unless the seller has
_______thereto.
If, however, a _______document of title has been issued for _______, no seller's _______or right of _______in
_______shall _______the right of any _______for _______in good faith to whom such _______has been _______,
whether such _______be _______or _______to the _______to the _______, or other _______who issued such
_______, of the seller's claim to a _______or right of _______in _______. (n)
Article 1536. The
_______is _______
_______to
_______the _______sold in case the
_______should _______the _______to make _______of the _______as provided in article 1198. (1467a)

Article
Article 1537. The _______is _______to _______the thing _______and its _______and _______in the _______in
which they were upon the _______of the contract.
All the _______shall pertain to the _______from the _______on which the _______was _______. (1468a)
Article 1538. In case of _______, _______or _______of the thing _______its_______, the _______in article 1189
shall be _______, the _______being considered the _______. (n)
Article 1539. The _______to _______the thing _______includes that of _______in the _______of the _______all
that is mentioned in the contract, in _______with the following rules:
If the _______of _______estate should be made with a statement of its _______, at the
_______of a certain
_______for a _______of _______or _______, the _______shall be _______to
_______to the _______, if the latter should _______it, all that may have been stated in the _______; but, should
this be _______possible, the _______may _______between a _______ _______ of the
_______and the
_______ of the contract, provided that, in the latter case, the _______ in the _______be not _______than
_______of that stated.
The _______shall be _______, even when the _______is the same, if any _______of the _______is not of the
_______ specified in the contract.
The _______, in this case, shall only take place at the _______of the _______, when the
_______
_______of the _______sold _______ _______of the _______agreed upon.
Nevertheless, if the _______would not have _______the _______had he known of its _______area of _______
quality, he may _______ the sale. (1469a)
Article 1540. If, in the case of the preceding article, there is a _______area or number in the
_______than that stated in the contract, the _______may _______ the area included in the _______and
_______the _______. If he _______ the _______ area, he must _______for the same at the contract _______.
(1470a)
Article 1541. The provisions of the _______preceding articles shall apply to _______ sales.
(n)
Article 1542. In the sale of _______ estate, made for a _______ sum and not at the _______ of a certain
_______for a unit of _______or
_______, there shall be no _______ or _______ of the _______, although
there be a _______ or _______area or number than that stated in the _______.
The same _______ shall be _______ when _______ or more _______as _______ for a
_______
_______; but if, besides mentioning the _______, which is _______ in every
_______ of _______ estate, its _______or _______should be _______ in the contract, the
_______shall be _______to _______ all that is included within said _______, even when it _______the area or
number specified in the contract; and, should he
_______be able to do so, he shall _______ a _______ in the
price, in _______ to what is _______in the area or number, unless the contract is _______ because the
_______does not _______ to the _______ to deliver what has been _______. (1471)
Article 1543. The _______arising from articles 1539 and 1542 shall prescribe in
_______months, _______ from the _______ of _______. (1472a)
Article 1544. If the _______thing should have been _______ to different _______, the _______ shall be _______
to the _______who may have _______ taken _______thereof in good faith, if it should be _______ property.
Should it be _______ property, the _______ shall belong to the person _______ it who in good faith first _______ it
in the Registry of Property.
Should there be no _______, the _______shall _______ to the person who in good faith was _______in the
_______; and, in the _______ thereof, to the person who _______the _______ title, provided there is good faith.
(1473)