MATHEMATICS II

UNIT-1 ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. What is Inverse operator?
Inverse operator

ANSWER:

(i)

1
X Xdx
D

(iii)

1
aX
X e
D

a
(ii)

ax

Xdx

1
x n ax
aX
e

e
r!
( D a) r

1
e aX xeax
Da

(iv)

2. What is meant by Singular solution?

The Solution of a differential equation which is not obtained from the general
solution is known as Singular solution.
ANSWER:

3. What is Exponential shift rule?

x,
x x m
e m v(x)
v
Let X= ,
, where is of the form sin
cos or

ANSWER:

1
1
e aX v( x) e aX
v( x)
f ( D)
f (D )
Particular integral =
This rule we call it as Exponential shift rule.

4. Solve

ANSWER:

5D 6 y 0

Given

5D 6 y 0

The Auxillary equation is

i.e.,
i.e.,

5m 6 0

m 3 m 2 0
m 3 & m 2

Complementary function =

Ae 2 x Be3 x

y Ae 2 x Be 3 x
The General solution is given by

5. Solve

ANSWER:

3D 2 3D 1 y 0

Given

3D 2 3D 1 y 0

The Auxiliary equation is

m 2 3m 1 0

i.e.,

m 1 3 0

e x A Bx Cx 2

Complementary function =
y e x A Bx Cx 2
Hence the solution is

6. Solve

ANSWER:

=1(thrice)

Given

1 y 0

i.e.,

i.e.,
i.e.

Hence the solution is

1 0

m2 1

m 1
m i

Complementary function =

A cos x B sin x

y A cos x B sin x

7. Find the Complementry Function of

ANSWER:

1 y 0

The Auxiliary equation is

Given

2D 2 D y 0

2D 2 D y 0

The Auxiliary equation is

2m 2 m 0

m m 2 2m 1 0
i.e.,

m 0, m 1 0
2

i.e.,

m 0, m 1,1

i.e.,

Complementary function =

C.F =

Ae 0 e x B Cx
A e x B Cx

y ' '4 y '20 y 0

8. Solve
y ' '4 y '20 y 0
ANSWER:

Given

The Auxiliary equation is

m 2 4m 20 0

i.e.,
i.e.,

m 2 4i

Complementary function =

Hence the solution is

9. Solve

ANSWER:

4 16 80 4 64 4 8i

2
2
2

e 2 x A cos 4 x B sin 4 x

y e 2 x A cos 4 x B sin 4 x

d 2 y dy

0
dx 2 dx

Given

d 2 y dy

0
dx 2 dx

D2 D 0
i.e.,

m2 m 0

The Auxiliary equation is

m m 1 0

i.e.,

m 0, m 1

i.e.,

Complementary function =

Ae

0x

Be x

y A Be x
Hence the solution is

10. Solve

ANSWER:

8 D 2 16 y 0

Given

8 D 2 16 y 0

The Auxiliary equation is

8m 2 16 0

i.e.,

i.e.,
i.e.,

4 0

m 2i

(twice)

C1 C 2 x cos 2 x C3 C 4 x sin 2 x
Complementary function =

y C1 C 2 x cos 2 x C 3 C 4 x sin 2 x
The Complete solution is

11. Solve

D 2 2 y e 2 x

ANSWER:

Given

D 2 2 y e 2 x
m 2 2

The Auxiliary equation is

m
i.e., =2(twice)

Complementary function =

e 2 x Ax B

1
1
e2X e2X
2
0
( D 2)

Particular Integral =

[Replace D by 2]
x

1
e2X
D 2 .2

x 1 2X
e
2 2 2

x2 2X

e
2
y e 2 x Ax B

12. Find the Particular Integral of

Given

[Ordinary rule fails]

x 1 2 X
e
2 1

The Complete solutuion

ANSWER:

[Ordinary rule fails]

d2y
dy
2 y cosh 2 x
2
dx
dx

d2y
dy
2 y cosh 2 x
2
dx
dx
( D 2 2 D 1) y cosh 2 x

i.e.,

x 2e2 X

1
cosh 2 x
( D 2 D 1)
2

Particular Integral =

e 2 x e 2 x
1

2
( D 2 2 D 1)

1
1
1
e2x
e 2 x

2 (4 4 1)
(4 4 1)

[Replace D by 2]

1 1 2 x 1 2 x
e e
2 (13)
(1)

1 e2x
e 2 x

2 13

1 e2x
e 2 x

2 13

13. Find the particular integral of

Given

1
1
1
e2x 2
e 2 x

2
2 ( D 2 D 1)
( D 2 D 1)

The Particular solution is =

ANSWER:

d2y
dy
3 2 y sin 3 x
2
dx
dx

d2y
dy
3 2 y sin 3 x
2
dx
dx
( D 2 3D 2) y sin 3 x

i.e.,
1
sin 3 x
( D 3 D 2)
2

[Replace D2 by -32]

Particular Integral = yp=

1
sin 3 x
( 3 3 D 2 )
2

1
sin 3 x
(3 D 7 )
=
(3D 7)
sin 3x
(3D 7)(3D 7)
=

3D 7
sin 3x
9 D 2 49

[Replace D2 by -32]

3D 7
sin 3 x
9 3 2 49
3D sin 3 x 7 sin 3 x
130
9 D cos 3 x 7 sin 3x
130

The Particular solution is =

9 D cos 3x 7 sin 3 x
130

d2y
4 y sin 2 x
dx 2

14. Find the particular integral of

d2y
4 y sin 2 x
dx 2
ANSWER: Given
( D 2 4) y sin 2 x
i.e.,

1
sin 2 x
( D 4)
2

[Replace D2 by -22]

Particular Integral = yp=

1
sin 2 x
(2 4)
2

x 1
sin 2 x
2D
x
cos 2 x
4

The Particular solution is =

x
cos 2 x
4

15. Find the particular integral of

ANSWER:

Given

[Ordinary rule fails]

8 D 2 16 y 16 x 10

8 D 2 16 y 16 x 10
1
D 8D 2 16 16 x 10
4

Particular Integral = yp=

D
16 1

16 x 10

8D 2

16

16 x 10

1
D 4 8D 2
1

16
16

1
D 4 8D 2
1

... 16 x 10

16
16

1
16 x 10
16

The Particular solution is =

1
16 x 10
16

D 1
16. Find the particular integral of

y e x sin x

 D 1
ANSWER:

y e x sin x

Given
1

D 1

e x sin x

Particular Integral = yp=

ex

D 1 1

=
=

ex

1
sinx
D2

ex

1
sinx
1

sin x

e x sinx

x
The Particular solution is = e sinx

2 x

( 2
) e
17. Find the particular integral of D +4 D+ 4 y = x 2
2 x

ANSWER:

Given

( D2 +4 D+ 4 ) y = e

x2

Particular Integral = yp=

1
e2 x
( D 2+ 4 D+ 4 ) x 2
1 e2 x
( D+2 )2 x 2

e2 x

1 1
2
2
D x

( )

e2 x

2 x

1 2
(x )
2
D

(logx )

d2 (logx ) 1
Since
= 2
dx 2
x

2 x
= e logx

2 x
The Particular solution is = e logx

3
2
2 x
18. Find the particular integral of ( D 3 D +3 D1 ) y=x e

ANSWER:

Given

( D 33 D2 +3 D1 ) y=x 2 e x

Particular Integral = yp=

=
=

1
x2 ex
2
( D 3 D + 3 D1 )
3

1
2 x
x e
3
( D1 )
ex

1
x2
3
( D+11 )

ex

1 2
x
( D )3
5

x x
= e 60

2
[Integrating x three

times]

x x
The Particular solution is = e 60

19. Solve

d y
dy
3 +2 y=1+ x
2
dx
dx

[Replace D by D+1]

ANSWER:

Given

d2 y
dy
3 +2 y=1+ x
2
dx
dx

2
i.e ( D 3 D+2 ) y=1+ x
2

The Auxiliary equation is m 3 m+2=0

( m1 ) ( m2 )=0
m=1,2

2x

Complementary function = A e +B e

1
(1+ x)
( D 3 D+2 )

Particular Integral = yp=

1
1
(1+ x )
2
2 D 3 D
+1
2

[ (

)]

1
D 3 D
1+
2
2

1
D 23 D
1
+ (1+ x )
2
2

1
3D
(1+
)(1+ x)
2
2

{ (

=
=

{ }
1
5
x+
2 { 2}
1
3
1+ x +
2
2

{x 5 }

= 2+4

(1+x )

) }

{2x + 54 }

The Particular solution is =

y

x 5
A e x +B e2 x + +
2 4

The Complete solution

d 2 y dy
x 2 + =0
d x dx

20. Solve

ANSWER:

Given

i.e.

Put

d y dy
x 2 + =0
d x dx

[ x D2 + D ] y=0

[ x 2 D2 + xD ] y=0

[Multiplying by x]

x=e z
l ogx=z
xD=D '
x 2 D 2=D ' (D ' 1)

[ D' ( D' 1 ) + D' ] y =0

D'
[ 2D' + D' ] y=0

D' 2 y =0
2
Auxillary Equation is m =0

m=0,0

Complementry Function is y = [ Ax+ B] e

Ax + B
The Complete Solution is y=

0x

PART - B
1. Solve the equation (i)(D2 4D + 3)y = sin3x + x2,(ii) (D2 + 4)y = x4 + cos2x.
2. Solve the equation (i) (D3 + 8)y = x4 + 2x + 1 + cosh2x, (ii) (D4 2D3 + D2)y = x2 + ex.

3. Solve the equation (i)(D2 + 1)2y = x4 + 2sinx cos3x, (ii) (D3 3D2 + 3D 1)y = e-xx3.
4. Solve the equation (i) (D4 4)y = x2cosh2x,(ii) (D4 2D2 + 1)y = (x + 1)e2x.
5. Solve the equation (i) (D2 + 5D + 4)y = e-xsin2x,(ii) (D4 1)y = cos2x coshx.
6. Solve the equation (i)(D2 4D + 13)y = e2x cos3x,(ii) (D2 + D + 1)y = e-x sin2(x/2).
7. Solve the equation (i) (D2 + 2D + 5)y = ex cos3x, (ii) (D2 + 4D + 8)y = 12e-2x sinx sin2x.
8. Solve the equation (i) (D3 1)y = x sinx,(ii) (D2 + 4)y = x2 cos2x.
9. Solve the equation (i)(D2 4D + 4)y = 8x2 e2x sin2x,(ii)(D2 + a2)y = secax.
10. Solve the equation (i) (D2 4D + 3)y = sin3x cos2x,(ii)(D4 1)y = cosx coshx.
11. Solve (i)(x2D2 + xD + 1)y = logx sin(logx),(ii)(x2D2 +4xD + 2)y = sinx.
12. Solve (i)(x2D2 + 2xD 20)y = (x2 + 1)2,(ii) (x4D3 +- x3D2 + x2D)y = 1.
13. Solve (i) [(3x + 2)2D2 + 3(3x + 2)D 36]y = 3x2 + 4x + 1,
(ii) [(x + 1)2D2 + (x + 1)D + 1]y =4 cos log(x + 1).
14. Solve the simultaneous equations (dx/dt) + 2x 3y = 5t,(dy/dt) 3x + 2y = 2e2t.
15. Solve the simultaneous equations Dx (D 2)y = cos2t,(D 2)x + Dy = sin2t.

Unit II

1. If
Ans :

Vector Calculus

(x,y,z) is a constant , then P.T

If

(x,y,z) is a constant , its partial derivatives with respect to x,y,z will be zero .ie.,

0
x y z

i
j
k
0
x
y
z

2. Find
Soln:

r xi yj zk .

Weve

r r

x2 y2 z2

r2 x2 y2 z2.

r 2 x x r y r z

,
, .
x 2r r y r z r
r r r
r i
j
k
x
y
z

x y z
i j k
r
r
r

3. P.T
Soln :

i
x i y j zk
r

r
r.

r n xr n 2 r

n n

r n i
r j
r k rn
x
y
z

r n 1 r n 1 r
i nr n 1
j nr
k nr
x
y
z
=i

x
y
z
i nr n 1 j nr n 1 k nr n 1
r
r
r

nr n 2 xi yj zk

nr n 2 r
=

4. Find
Soln:

log r

log r j log r k log r

log r i
x
y
z
1 r 1 r 1 r
i
j
k
r x
r y
r z
=

5. P.T
Soln:

x2

1 x 1 y 1 z
i
j
k
.
r r
r r
rr

1
r
xi yj zk 2
r2
r .

y z 2 2e r 2 r .
2

r xi yj zk

r
r 2 x 2 y 2 z 2
r
2
2
e x y 2 z 2 er

e
i
e j
e k
x
y
z
r2

r2

r2

 2 r r 2 r r 2 r
i e r 2r
j e 2r
k e 2r
x
y
x
2 x
y z
2e r r i j k
r
r
r

2
2 e r x i y j zk

2
2e r r .

x 2 y z 4 xz 2 xyz
6. Find the directional
derivative of

2i j k .

at (1,2,3) in the direction of

Soln:

x 2 yz 4 xz 2 xyz.

2i j k .

D.D at (1,2,3) in the direction of

(1,2,3)( 2i j k )

( 2i j k )

i
j
k
x
y
z

i ( 2 xyz 4 z 2 yz ) j ( x 2 z xz) k ( x 2 z 8 xz xy)

(1,2,3) 54i 6 j 28k .

2i j k .
D.D of at (1,2,3)is
the direction of

(54i 6 j 28k )( 2i j k )
4 11

108 6 28 86

6
6.

7. Find the angle between the surfaces xlogz=y2-1 and x2y=2-z at the point (1,1,1)
1 x log z y 2 1
Soln.
2 x 2 y 2 z
Angle between

1 c

2 c

and
is
at (1,1,1) at(1,1,1)

cos

1 (1,1,1) 2 (1,1,1)
1 (1,1,1) 2 (1,1,1)

1 i 1 j 1 k 1
x
y
z
x

i (log z ) j ( 2 y ) k ( )
2

1 (1,1,1) i log 1 j ( 2) k (1)

2 i 2 j 2 k 2
x
y
z

i ( 2 xy) j ( x 2 ) k (1)

2 (1,1,1) i (2 xy) j ( x 2 ) k (1)

( 2 j k ) ( 2i j k )
cos


2 j k 2i j k

2 1
1
1

4 1 4 11
5 6
30
1

30

cos 1

8. Find the unit normal to the surface s2+y2-z=10 at (1,1,1).

(1,1,1)

(1,1,1)
n
Soln.
Unit Normal at (1,1,1) =
x 2 y 2 z 10

i
j
k
x
y
z

i 2 x j 2 y k ( 1)

(1,1,1) 2i 2 j k

2i 2 j k 2i 2 j k 2i 2 j k
n

3
4 4 1
2i 2 j k

2 2 1
i j k
3
3
3

F x 3i y 3 j z 3 k

9. If
Soln.

. Find div

F curlF
div curl
------------(1)

i
j
k

F F
x y z
x3 y3 z3

i ( 0 0) j ( 0 0 ) k ( 0 0)

curlF (0) 0
div

v ( x 3 y )i ( y 2 z ) j ( x z )k

10. If
Soln.

V 0

Given

i
x
=0

is solenodial. Find the value of .

is solenodial

j
k ( x 3 y )i ( y 2 z ) j ( x z )k
y
z

( x 3 y ) ( y 2 z ) ( x z ) 0
x
y
z

11 0
2

F 3xyi y 2 j

F
dr
c

11. If
, Evaluate
(0,0) to (1,2)

2
Fdr 3xydx y dy
c

where c is the curve in the xy-plane y=2x2 from

Soln.
y 2x 2
(0,0) to (1,2)
dy 4 xdx
x : 0 1

1
2
2
Fdr 3x 2 x dx (2 x 2) 4 xdx
c

y:0 2

6 x 4 16 x 6
(6 x 16 x )dx

4
6

0
3

6 16 7

4 6
6

F
dr

F ( 4 xy 3x 2 Z 2 )i 2 x 2 j 2 x 3 zk

12. If
independent of the path c

. Check whether the integral

F
dr
c

Soln.

T.P.T ,

is independent of the path c, weve to prove that

i
j
k

F
x
y
z
2 2
2
4 xy 3x z 2 x 2 x 3 z

is

F 0

i ( 0) j ( 6 x 2 z 6 x 2 z ) k ( 4 x 4 x )

0

Fdr
c

is independent of the path.

div
2

13. P.T.
div 2
Soln.

i
j
k i
j
k
y
z x
y
z
x
2
2
2

x
y
z
2

F ( x 2 y az )i (bx 3 y z ) j ( 4 x cy 2 z )k

14. Find the Constants a,b,c so that

is irrational

F 0
Soln.
Given,

i
j
k

0
x
y
z
4 x 2 2 y 0 z bx 3 y z 4 x cy 2 z

i ( c 1) j ( 4 a ) k (b 2) 0i 0 j 0k
c+1=0
c=-1

4-a=0
a=4

b-2=0
b=2

15. If s is any closed surface enclosing a volume v and

r nds 3v

is position vector of a point. P.T.

Soln.

Gauss Div Theorem

f
n
ds

dv
S

r nds r dv
S

r i
j
k xi yj zk
y
z
x
=1+1+1=3

r nds 2dv 3v
S

div ( curlA) 0

16. P.T
Soln.

curlA A ( A1i A2 j A3 k )

x
A1

y
A2

z
A3

A A A A A2 A1
i 3 2 j 3 1 k

z
z
y
x
y
x

A3 A2
A3 A1
A2 A1
div ( curlF )

x y
z y x
z z x
y
2 A3 2 A2 2 A3 2 A1 2 A2 2 A1

xy xz xy yz xz zy

div ( curlF ) 0

17. Find the unit normal vector to the surface xy3z2=4 at(-1,-1,2)


i
j
k
x
y
z

xy z 4
3 2

Soln.

1
,

1
,
2
)

4
i

12
j 4k

( 1,1,2)
176
18. Apply Greens theorem at plane P.T. the area enclosed by a simple closed curve c is
1
xdy ydx
2

Soln.

Greens Theorem

Q P

dxdy
x y

Pdx Qdy
c

ydx xdy 1 (1)dxdy

R

2 dxdy
R

= 2(Area of R)
1
ydx xdy
2c
Area of R

A
B
A B
19. If and are irrotational, P.T
is solenoidal

A B 0
Soln.
T.P.

A B B A A B
W.K.T,

A 0
B 0
A
B
and
are irrotational
&

A B B 0 A0 0

A B

is solenodial

F grad ( x 3 y 3 z 3 3xyz)
20. If
Soln.

Find the

curlF


F grad

x 3 y 3 z 3 3xyz

3x 2 3 yz
x

3 y 2 3xz
y

3z 2 3xy
z

F grad i 3x 2 3 yz j 3 y 2 3xz k 3z 2 3 yx

curlF grad

i
j
k

x
y
z
3 x 2 3 yz 3 y 2 3 xz 3z 2 3xy

i ( 3 x 3 x ) j ( 3 y 3 y ) k ( 3 z 3 z ) 0

Fdr

F x 2i y 2 j

21. If

curlF 0

evaluate
along the line y=x from (0,0) to (1,10

2
2
Fdr x i y j dxi dyj

Soln.
x 2 dx y 2 dy
c

c: y x

(0,0)
(1,1)

x=0
1

y=0
1

dy=dx

2x3
x dx x dx 2 x dx

3
0
x 0
1

2
3

j k

22. Find the directional derivative of xyz at (2,1,10 in the direction

Soln.
Directional derivative
in the direction of

A j k

xyz
at (2,1,1),

i
j
k
x
y
z

i ( yz ) ( xz) j ( xy)k

D.D in the direction of

( i 2 j 2k ) ( j k )

0i j k

22
4

2 2
2
2

23. State greens Theorem:

(or)
State relationship between line integral and a double integral
Soln.
If c is a simple close curve enclosing a region R in the xy-plane and p(x,y),
Q(x,y) and its first order partial derivates are continuous in R, then
Q P
( Pdx Qdy )

xy
x y
R
Where c is described in the anticlockwise
direction.

24. State Stokes theorem

(or)
Relationship between line and surface integral
Soln.
If s is an open two sided surface bounded by simple closed curve cand if is a
vector point function with continuous first order partial derivatives on s, then


F
d
r

curl
F
ds

Where c is described in the anti-clockwise direction as seen from the positive tip of the
outward drawn normal at any point of the surface S.
25. State Gauss Divergence theorem

F
Soln.
If s is a close surface enclosing a region of space with volume v and if is a
vector point function with constants first order partial derivates in v, then

F
d
s

(
div
F
)dv

PART - B
1. Evaluate using Greens theorem in the plane for (xy + y2) dx + x 2 dy where C is
the closed curve of the region bounded by y = x and y = x2.
2. Evaluate [ (sinx y) dx cos xdy] where c is the triangle with vertices (0,0), (/2 ,0)
and (/2,1).
3. Verify Greens theorem in the plane for (3x2 -8y2)dx + (4y-6xy)dy where c is the
boundary of the region defined by x = 0, y = 0, x+y =1.

4. Verify Green s theorem in plane for x2(1+y)dx + (y3 +x3) dy where C is the square
bounded by x = a, y = a.
5. Verify Divergence theorem for F = (x2-yz) i + (y2 zx) j + (z2 xy) k taken over the
rectangular parallelepiped 0 x a, 0 y b , 0 z c.
6. Verify Divergence theorem for F = (x2-yz) i + (y2 zx) j + (z2 xy) k taken over the
rectangular parallelepiped 0 x 3, 0 y 3 , 0 z 3.
7. Verify Divergence theorem for F = (2x z) i + x2 y j xz2 k over cube bounded by x
= 0, x =1, y =0 , y=1, z = 0 and z =1.
8. Verify Divergence theorem for F = (2x z) i + x2 y j xz2 k over cube bounded by x
= 0, x =2, y =0 , y=2, z = 0 and z =2.
9. Verify Divergence theorem for the function F = 4xi 2 y2 j + z2 k taken over the
surface region bounded by the cylinder x2+y2 = 4 and z =0, z =3.
10. Verify Stoke s theorem for a vector field F = (x2 y2) i + 2xy j in the rectangular
region of the xoy plane bounded by the lines x = -a , x = a, y = 0 and y =b.
11. Verify stokes theorem for F = (y-z+2) i +(yz + 4) j xz k where S is the surface of
the cube x =0 , x=2 , y =0 , y= 2, z =0 and z = 2 above the xy- plane.
12. Verify stokes theorem for F = y2 i + y j xz k over the upper half of the sphere
x2+y2+z2 = a2 , z 0.

Unit III Analytic Functions

1. If u and v are harmonic then can we say u + iv as analytic?
Ans. Yes. But it is not always. Eg., u = x, v = -y.
2. State the sufficient conditions for the function F(z) to be analytic
Ans. The single valued continuous function w=f(z)=u+iv is analytic in a region R if the
u u v v
, , ,
x y x y
four partial derivatives
exist, are continuous and satisfy CR equation at
u v u
v
,
.
x y y
x
each point in R,
3. Define an enter function?
Ans. A function F(z) which is analytic at every point of the complex plane is called as
ez
entire function. Eg.
4. state the Cauchy Riemann in polar co-ordinates .
u 1 v
1 u v

r r
r r
Ans.
5. Give an Example that the C-R equation are necessary but not sufficient for a function
to be analytic?
x 3 (1 i ) y 3 (1 i )
f ( z)
x2 y2
z0
Ans.
, When
=0, when z = 0
6. If u+iv is analytic, show that v-iu is also analytic
Ans. Given: f(z) = u+iv is analytic
Hence it satisfies C-R Equation (i.e) Ux=Vy

Uy=-Vx

g(z) = v-iu, replace u by v & v by u in ,

Ux=Vy, Uy=-Vx
7. When f(z)=u+iv is analytic only if Ux=Vy and Uy
u v e x [cos y sin y ]
8. If f(x)=u+iv is an analytic function. If
find f(z)
x
u v e [cos y sin y ]
Ans. Let

u v

e x [cos y sin y ]
x x
Diff partically w.r to x

u v

e x [ sin y cos y ]
y y
Diff partically w.r to y
u v

e x sin y e x cos y ]
y y
By C-R Equations

u v
(2)

e x cos y e x sin y
x x
u v
(3)

e x cos y e x sin y
x x
------------------------------------------u
u
(2) (3) 2
2e x cos y
e x cos y
x
x
-------------------------------------------u v

e x cos y e x sin y
x x
u v
(3)

e x cos y e x sin y
x x
( 2)

--------------------------------------------v
v
(2) (3) 2 2e x sin y
e x sin y
x
x
--------------------------------------------u
v
f ( z )
i
x
x
We know
f ( z ) U x ( z ,0) iV x ( z,0) dz
By Milne Thomson Method,
e z (cos 0) ie z sin 0dz
e z dz

sin 0 0 e z c

f ( z ) u iv e x iy c
e x e iy c

u+iv = excosy+iexsiny+c
9. For what values of a,b,c the function f(z)=x+x+2ay+i(bx-cy) is analytic?
Ans. If f(z) = x 2ay + i(bx-cy) is analytic
Then it satisfies C-R equations ux=1, Uy=-2a
V2=b, Vy=-c
U x V y 1 c
U y V y 2a b
c 1, b 2a

Hence for c=-1 and any values of a and b satisfying b=2a then function f(z) is
analytic.
10. If u+iv analytic, then the curves u=constant and v=constant are orthogonal.
11. If Orthogonal f is a fun of z alone then f is analytic whether it is true or false?
Ans. True
12. Choose the correct answer.
W=f(z) is analytic function of z then
w w
2w
w
w
w
(b)

(a )
i
(c )
0
(d )
0
z y
z
x
z
zz
2w
0
zz

Ans.
13. If u and v are harmonic then u+iv is analytic function?
Ans. True
14. Note: If f(z) is analytic function, then kf(x) is also analytic function
15. If f(z) and g(z) are analytic function f(z)+g(z) is also analytic.
w z
16. verify whether
is analytic or not
w z x iy
u iv x iy
u x, v y
U x 1,V x 0,U y 0,V y 1
U x V y ,U y V x

Ans.

w z

is not alnalytic
1
f ( z) 2
z 1
17.
is anal;ytic everywhere except
a)z=1
b)z=1
c)z=i
d)z=i
Ans. z=i because f(z) becomes infinity at this point.
1
f ( z) 2
z 4
18. The Function
is not analytic at z=2i, -2i

19. If f(z) is an analytic function of z. Prove that

2
2
2

4
2
zz
y 2
x
Ans. We know that
2
2
2
2
2

f
(
z
)

4
f ( z)
2
2
y
zz
x

2
2
2

f ( z ) 4 f ( z )

2
2
y
x

2
f ( z ) f ( z )
zz

4 f ( z ) f ( z )
z
4 f ( z ) f ( z )
4

4 f ( z )

20. State he two properties of analytic functions

1. Both Real Part and imaginary part of an analytic function satisfy Laplace
equation
2. if w=u+iv is an analytic function then the curves of the family
u(x,y)=Constant, cut orthogonally the curves of the family v(x,y)=constant=c2
21. State the necessary Ans sufficient condition for f(z) to be analytic.
u v

x y
Ans. Necessary condition: Let w=f(z)=u+iv be an analytic function then
and
u
v

y
x
Sufficient condition: The single valued continuous function u+iv is an analytic
u u v v
, , ,
x y x y
in a region R if the four partial derivatives
exists and continuous and satisfy
the C-r Equation at each point in R.
22. Can U=3x2y-y3 be the real part of an analytic function
Ans. u=3x2y-y3
Ux=6xy. Uxx = 6y
Uy=3x2-3y2 Uyy=-6y
xx Uyy 6 y 6 y 0 2 u 0 u
U
is harmonic and can be the real past of an analytic function.
23. State whether sin(x+iy) is analytic or not?
sin x cos iy cos x sin iy
u iv sin x cosh y i cos x sinh y
u sin x cosh y
U x cos x cosh y

v cos x sinh y
Vx sin x sinh y

Uy sin x sinh y
Uy cos x cosh yy

Ux=ry and vy=-vx

sin( x iy )isanalytic .
x 2 6x 2 y 2 y 4
24. Show that the function x

is harmonic.
u
12 yx 2 4 y 3
y

u x 4 6x 2 y 2 y 4
Ans: let

2u
12 yx 2 12 y 2
y 2

u
4 x 3 12 xy 2
x

2u
12 x 2 12 y 2
2
x
2u 2u

0u
x 2 y 2
is harmonic.
1 y

x
25. Show that tan
is harmonic
Ans:
y
u tan 1
x
u
1
y
x.0 y.1

.
2
2
2
x
x
x y2

y
1
x

2u
x 2 y 2 .0 y.2 x
2 xy

2
2
2
2
2
x
x y
x y2
u

2 xy
x.1 y,0

2
2
x

x y2

1
y
1
x

2u
x 2 y 2 .0 x 2 y
2 xy

2
2
2
2 2
y
(x y )
(x y 2 )2
2u 2u

0
y 2 y 2

is harmonic .

1
log( x 2 y 2 )
2

26. Verify whether

1
u log( x 2 y 2 )
2
Ans:
Let
1
2x
ux , 2
2 x y2

is harmonic.

1 1(2 y )
uy . 2
2 x y2

x
x y2
2

uxx y 2 x 2
uxx uyy

y
x y2
2

uyy x 2 y 2

x2 y2
( y2 x2 )

0
( x 2 y 2 ) 2 ( x 2 y 2) 2

27. Verify whether w=sin x cos h y +I cos x sin h y is analytic or not?

Ans:
U sin x cosh y
V cos x sinh y
U x cos x cosh y
V x sin x sinh y
Uy sin x sinh y

u v

x y

28. If

Vy cos x cosh y

u v

y x
&

and all the partial

W is analytic
f ( z ) r 2 cos 2 i sin p

a)

1
2

b)0 c)2

is analytic, if the value of p is

d)1 .

Ans:

Proof:

P=2
U r 2 cos 2

v r 2 sin p

u
r cos 2
r

v
r sin p
r

u
r 2 sin 2

v
pr 2 sin p

By using

u 1 v

r r

&

v 1 u

r r

we get
1 2
2r cos 2 pr cos p
r
2r cos pr cos p
2 cos p cos p

p2

29. Define conformal mapping?

Ans:
A mapping that preserves angles between any oriented curves both in
magnitude and in sense is called as a conformal mapping.
2

30. The mapping w=z is not conformal at______________

Ans:
W z2
w
2z
z

2z=0 when z=0 At z=0, It is conformal.

31. Find the points at which the transformation w=sin z is not conformal.
Ans:
w
3
cos z; cos z 0; atz ,
z
2 2

32. Define Bilinear transformation ?(or) Mobius transformation

Ans:
az b
W
az d
,where a,b,c,d are complex constants ad-bc#0 is known as bilinear
transformation.
33. Define isogonal transformation
Ans. If a transformation is such that the angle between two curves c1 and c2 intersection at
(x0,y0) in z-plane is equal to the angle between their images intersecting at (U0,V0) in the w
plane then the transformation is called isogonal transformation.
34. Write the cross ratio of the points Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4
( Z Z 2 )( Z 3 Z 4 )
1
( Z1 Z 4 )( Z 3 Z 2 )
Ans.
Cross Ration
1
w
z 2i
35. Write the invariant point of transformation

Ans.

1
z 2i

z 2iz 1 0
2

1
z

36. Find the image of |z-2i|=2 where

1
w
z
Ans.
1
u iv
x iy
1
x iy
u iv
1
u iv
u iv
x iy

2
;
u iv u iv u v 2
u
x 2
u v2
v
y 2
u v2
Now |z-2i|=2 menas |s+iy-2i| = 2
x i ( y 2) 2
x 2 ( y 2) 2 4
x2 y2 4y 0

u2
v2
2
2
2
2
u v u v
1 4v 0

4 2
0
2
u v

w 2 ( z )( z )
37. Find the Critical point of

Ans. The critical point are obtained by

w
0
z

z
0
w

2i 4 4
i
2

w 2 z 2 z ( )
w
2w
2 z ( )
z
w
1
w
z ( )
z
2
w
1
1
0 z ( ) 0 z ( )
z
2
2
z
w

0
1
w
z
2
w 0, (i, e) z z z ,
z ,,

Hence the critical points are

38. Find the bilinear transformation that has i and i as fixed points.
az b
w
cz d
Ans.
The Bilinear transformation is given by

ai b
ci d

a (i ) b
c(i ) d

Since i and i are the fixed points we have

and
i (ci d ) ia b
( i )( ci d ) ai b

c id ia b

c id ai b
w

az b
bz a

The bilinear transformation is

where a and b are arbitary.
39. Show that the function f(z)=|z|2 is not analytic at any point
Ans.
Let z=u(x,y)+iv(x,y)
2
f ( z) z x 2 y 2
Hence u(x,y)=x2+y2
v(x,y)=0
The Cauchy Riemann equation are ux=vy
uy= -vx
2x=0
2y=0
Which is possible only when z=y =o. Thus the function is differentiated only at ongin.
40. Find the analytic function of f(z)=(x-y)2+2i(x+y).

Ans:
f ( z ) ( x y ) 2 2i ( x y )
utir ( x y )2 2i ( x y )
u ( x y )2v 2( x y )
ux 2( x y )vx 2
uy 2( x y )( 1)vy 2
2( x y )

Ux Vu

Uu Vx

2(x-y)=2
-2(x-y)=-2
x-y=1
x-y=1
C.R equation are satisfied only if x-y=1.
41. Define a critical point of the bilinear transformation?
Ans:
The point at which the mapping w=f (z) is not conformal (i,e) f (z) =0 is called a
critical point of the mapping .
1

The transformation w = f(z) is conformal ,z =f (w) is also confomal its

dz
0
dw
critical point occurs at
3

42. If f(z) = z analytic ? Justify.

Ans:
The sufficient conditions for the function w =f (z) to be analytic in argion R are
1.ux ,uy ,vx and vy are existing to ux =vy and uy = -vx at every point of R.
3

In this example ,given : f (z) = z

U+iw =(x+iy)3=x 3+3x2 (iy)+3x(iy)2+ (iy)3
= (x3-3xy2) +I (3x2y-y3)
Part b.
1. Evaluate c 1/(z2+4) dz where c is |z|=3.
2. Obtain Taylors series to represent the function z2-1/(z+2)(z+3) in the region |z|<2.
3. Expand 1/ (z-1)(z-2) as a Laurents series valid in the regions 1<|z|<2 and |z|>2.
4. Find the residue o Z3/ (z-1)4(z-2)(z-3).
5. If c is the circle |z|=3, evaluate ctanz dz.
6. Evaluate cdz/ zsinz where c is |z|=1 using cauchys residue theorem.
7. Using contour integration evaluate 02 d/(13+5sin).
8. Using contour integration evaluate 02 cos2 d/(5-4cos).
9. Using contour integration evaluate 0 d/(a2+sin2). a>0.
10. Using contour integration evaluate - xdx/(x+1)(x2+1).
11. Using contour integration evaluate - (x2-x+2) dx /(x4+10x2+9).
12. Prove that 0 log(1+x2) / (1+x2) dx = log2

Unit IV-Complex Integration

3z 2 7 x 1
c z 1 dz

1. What is the Value of

if c is |x| =
2
3z 7 x 1
c z 1 dz
Soln.
The pole is at z= -1 lies outside the circle |z| =
3z 2 7 x 1
c z 1 dz

= 0 [By Cauchys integral Theorem]

1 ez
z cos z sin z
2. Find the residue at z = 0 of the function f(z) =
Soln. [Reside of f(z) at z = 0]
( z 0)(1 e z )
lt
z 0 z cos z sin z
=
0
0
=
By using L's Hospital Rule
1 ( z 1)e z
lt
z 0 z sin z cos z cos z
=
2(1)
0 11
=
=1
3. State Cauchys integral Formula
Soln. If f(z) is analytic within and on a simple closed curve c and z0 is any point
inside c then
1
f ( z)
dz

2i z z 0
f(z0) =
1
z (1 z ) 2
4. Find the Laurents Expansion of f(z) =
in |z| > 1
1
| | 1
z
Soln. |z| > 1

1
z (1 z ) 2
=
1
z3
=

1
z (1 ) 2
z

1
z3

1
1
1 2 3
z
z

1
1 z

1
2
3
4 5
3
z
z
z

=
5. Define essential single point of f(z)
Soln. A point z =a is an essential singularity if
i)
z =a is singular point
ii)
z =a should not be a pole (or) removable singularity
6. State Cauchys residue theorem
if f(z) is analytic at all point inside and on a single closed curve C except at a finite
number of poise z1 , z2 , ,zn within C then
f ( z )dy 2ix
c

sum of the residue of f (z) at z1,z2, ... ,zn

z3 1
z3 1
7. Find the zeroes of
Soln:
z3 1
z3 1
The zero are given by
=0
3
z 1 0
z3 1 0

z (1)1 / 3
The cube roots of unity are the roots.
dz
c 2 z 1
8. Evaluate
,where C is 1z1=1
Soln:
1
2
The poles is z =
lines inside the circle 1z1=1
dz

ixR
2z 1
c

Where R = residue at z =
1
z
2 1
lt
1
1
2
z
2 2( z )
2
=
dz
1

2i
2z 1
2

1
2

dz

2 z 1 i
1
z ( z 1)
9. The Laurents Series expansion of
valid in |z| > 1 is
1
1
1
1
1;

z
z ( z 1) 2 z 1
Soln.
1
1
1 1
1

1
1
z
z z
z

z 1
z

=
ez
c z 2 dz
10. If C is the Circle x2 + y2 = 4 the value
of is
z
e
c z 2 dz
Soln.
where c is circle x2+y2=4
The pole is z = 0 is of order 2 and it is inside the circle |z| = 2
ez
c z 2 dz 2iR
where R is Reside of z=0zz
2 z
d z e

lt
2
z 0 dz
z
R=

lt e z

z 0

=
R= -1
ez
c z 2 dz 2i 1

ez
c z 2 dz 2i

z 2 dz 0

11. If C is a circle with Z=4+i and radius 4, Then

say true or false?
Soln :
Z3 Z2
True, f(z)=
is analytic and C is a circle which is closed.
By cauchys integral theorem,the given integral is zero.

4
12. Expand cos z is a jaylors series at Z=
1
f ( )
4
f ( z ) cos z;
2
Soln.
1
f ( )
4
f ( z ) sin z;
2
f ( z ) cos z;

1
f ( )
4
2

f ( z ) cos z;

1
f ( )
4
2

f ( z ) f (a )

za
( z a) 2
f (a )
f (a )
1!
2!
2

z
z
z
1
4 1
4 1
4 1
cos z

2
1! 2
2!
3!
2
2

z z

1
4
4
cos z 1

2
1!
2!

z
4

3!

13. State Cauchys Integral theorem

f (z )
f (z )
Soln. If
is an analytic and
is continuous inside and on a simple closed curve C,
f ( z )dz 0
c

then
14. Determine the poles of f(z)= and investigate their order
Soln. Z=1 Pole of Order 1
Z=2 Pole of Order 2

ez
c 1 z dz

15. Evaluate
where C is Circle |z|=2
Soln. The pole is at z=-1 lies inside |z|=2
ez

dz 2i (r1 )
1

z
c
where r1=residue at z=-1
ez
z 1 lt z 1
z 1
1 z
Residue at
=e
z
e

dz e
1 z
c

16. Expand the function

f ( z ) sin z;
Soln.
f ( z ) cos z

sin z
z

z
about
sin( ) 0 ie ( f ( ))
cos 1(ie., f ( ))

f ( z ) sin z

f ( ) 0

f ( z ) cos z

f ( ) 1

sin z
1
(z )2

f ( )
f ( ) ( z ) f ( )
z z
2!

1
z

=
1
=

( z )

( z )3

3!

(z )2 (z )4

3!
4
f (z)

ez
cos z

17. Derive residue of f(z), where

Soin :
ez
f (z)
cos z
inside the circle |z|=1
1
( z)
2
The pole
inside the unit circle

inside|z|=1

dz
?
za
Z 2

18. If a=5, then

dz
Z 2 z a 0
Soln.
1
z 5

f (z)

is analytic and z = 5 lies outside |z|=2)

z4
2
z 2z 5
19. Obtain the Poles
z4
f ( z) 2
z 2z 5
Soln.
The poles are given by z2+2z+5 =0
2 4 20 2 4i
z

2
2
z = -1+2i
e z
z 2 dz

20. The value of

is
Soln. Let us take c as unit circle z=0 is a double pole
ez
c z 2 dz 2i(r )
where r = residue at z=0
d z
lt
e
z 0 dz

lt e z
z 0

= -1
e

dz 2i

dz

21. The Value of

where c is |z| = 1 is
z
e
c z 2 dz
Soln.
the pole is z =0 (double) inside |z| =1
2i (r )
where r is residue at z = 0

d 2 ez
z 2
z 0 dz
z

lt

lt e z
z 0

= -1
ez
2 dz 2i (1) 2i
z
c

f ( z )dz

f (z )

22. The value of

f ( z )dz 0

when

is analytic inside the close curve

[Cauchys Integral Theorem]

1
z2

23. Expand
at z = 1 as a Taylor series
1
1
1

z 2 ( z 1) 1 (1 ( z 1))
Soln.
= -[1-(z-1)]-1
1
1 ( z 1) ( z 1) 2 ( z 1) 3
z2

1
z ( z 1) 2

1
z 1

24. Coefficient of
in laurents expansion of
Soln. Put z-1 =u, |u| < 1
1
1
1
2 (1 u ) 1 2 (1 u u 2 )
2
u (1 u ) u
u

1 1
1 u
u2 u

1
1

1 ( z 1)
2
z 1
( z 1)
1
z 1

Co efficient of
is -1
cos
c z 1 dz
25. Evaluate
where c is |z| = 1.5
Soln. The pole is at z = 1, It is a simple pole and inside c

valid in |z-1| < 1 is equal to

cos z
dz 2i(r )
z

1
c

Where r = residue at z = 1
cos(z )
lt
( z 1)
z 1 z 1

cos
= -1
cos z
c z 1 dz 2i(1)

2i

26. Express
Soln. Put

d
1 a cos

ze

dz zid

as a contour integral around the circle |z| = 1

dz e i id
d

dz
iz

1 a cos c

dz
zi

1 a

27. The Laurents expansion of

Soln. Let u = z-1
z 1 u | u | 1

1
z2

2
dz
2

i c az 2 z a

vaid in |z-1|<1 is

1
(1 u ) 2 1 2u 3u 2 4u 3
2
(1 u )

1 2( z 1) 3( z 1) 2 4( z 1) 3
f ( z)
28. For a simple pole at z = a the residue of f(z) at z = a where
P (a )
Q ( a)
Soln. The residue at z = a is

p( z)
q( z )
is ___

z
z 1
2

29. The residue at the pole of the function

z i
Soln. Since
are the poles of order 1
z
1
[resf ( z )] lt ( z i )

i
( z i )( z i ) 2
z i
[resf ( z )] lt ( z i )
z i

z i

f (a)

z 2 1
dz
za

z
1

( z i )( z i ) 2

f (1)
2

30. If

are equal

where c is ellipse x +y =4, then the value of

f (1)
c

is ___

z 1
dz
z 1
2

Soln.
The pole is at z=1 which is inside x2+4y2=4
f (1) 2i ( R )
where r is the residue at z = 1
( z 2 1)( z 1)
[ f ( z )] z 1 lt
2
z 1
( z 1)
Res
f (1) 2i (2)
f (1) 4i

Part b.
13. Evaluate c 1/(z2+4) dz where c is |z|=3.
14. Obtain Taylors series to represent the function z2-1/(z+2)(z+3) in the region |z|<2.
15. Expand 1/ (z-1)(z-2) as a Laurents series valid in the regions 1<|z|<2 and |z|>2.
16. Find the residue o Z3/ (z-1)4(z-2)(z-3).
17. If c is the circle |z|=3, evaluate ctanz dz.
18. Evaluate cdz/ zsinz where c is |z|=1 using cauchys residue theorem.
19. Using contour integration evaluate 02 d/(13+5sin).
20. Using contour integration evaluate 02 cos2 d/(5-4cos).
21. Using contour integration evaluate 0 d/(a2+sin2). a>0.
22. Using contour integration evaluate - xdx/(x+1)(x2+1).
23. Using contour integration evaluate - (x2-x+2) dx /(x4+10x2+9).
24.
Prove that 0 log(1+x2) / (1+x2) dx = log2
UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
L[e 2t 3e 5t ]
1. Find
L[e 2t 3e 5t ] 1L[e 2t ] 3L[e5t ]
Soln.

1
3

s2 s5

Taking LCM & on simplification

4s 1
2
s 3s 10
L[cos 2 3t ]
2. Find
cos 2

Soln. Formula :

1 cos 2
2

1
1
1 cos 6t

L[1] L[cos 6t ]

2
2
2
2

L[cos 2 3t ] L

1 1
s
2

2 s s 36

sin 2

Note :

L[cos 3t ]
3.
Soln. Formula:

cos 3 4 cos 3 3 cos

1
3 cos 3t cos 9t 3
L[cos 3t ] L[cos 9t ]

4
4

L[cos 3 3t ] L

3 s
s
. 2

2
4 s 9 4( s 9 2 )
L[sin 3t cos t ]

4.

2 sin A cos B sin( A B ) sin( A B)

Soln. Formula:
L[sin 3t cos t ]

1
L(sin 4t ) L(sin 2t )
2

1
4
2
2
1
2
2
2
2

2 s 16 s 4
s 16 s 4

Note:
2 cos A sin B sin( A B ) sin( A B )
2 cos A cos B cos( A B) cos( A B )
2 sin A sin B cos( A B ) cos( A B )
L[sin( wt )]

5.
Soln. Formula:

sin( A B ) sin A cos B cos A sin B

1 cos 2
2

L[sin( wt )] L[sin wt cos cos wt sin ]

cos L[sin wt ] sin L[cos wt ]

cos

(cos , sin are constants)

w
s
sin 2
2
s w
s w2
2

Note:
sin( A B ) sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos( A B ) cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos( A b) cos A cos B sin A sin B

6.

1
L[et (cosh 2t sinh 2t )]
2

L[e at f (t )] F ( s a )
Soln. We know that
1
L[sinh 2t ]
2
s 1
1
L[e t (cosh 2t sinh 2t )]

2
( s 1) 4 ( s 1) 2 4
L[cosh 2t sinh 2t ] L[cosh 2t ]

L[t 2 e 2t ]
7. Find
L[t 2 ]

Soln.

2!
2
3
s 1 s
2

L[t 2 e 2t ]

e
( s 2) 3

L[e 3t sin 2 t ]
8.

1
1
1 cos 2t
l 1 l cos 2t

2
2
2

l sin 2t l

Soln.

l e 3t sin 2t

9.

1 1
s 3

2
2 s 3 ( s 3)

l cosh t. sin 2t

Soln:

e t e t
l cosh t. sin 2t l
2

sin 2t

1
s

2
2 s 2( s 4)

=
2
s 4

l[sin 2t ]

1 l e t sin 2t e t sin 2t
2
l cosh t. sin 2t

1
2
1
2

2
2 ( s 1) 4 2 ( s 1) 2 4

10. Soln:
L[tf (t )] F ' ( s )or

We know that
F ( s ) L[ f (t )] L[sin 2t ]
L[t sin 2t ]

d
F ( s)
ds

2
s 4
2

d
2
d
2

2( s 2 4) 1
ds s 4 ds

2
2s
( s 4) 2
2

=
4s
( s 4) 2
2

.
2 3t

L[t e

11.
Solution :
L t 2 f (t ) (1) 2 F " ( s )

f(t)=

e 3t
L[e 3t ]

12.

1
s3

F(s)=L[f(t)]=
1
1
2
; F ' (s)
; F "(s)
2
s3
( s 3)
( S 3) 3
F(s)=
2
l (t 2 e 3t )
( s 3) 3
.
t
t sin t
e
dt
t
o
Find the Laplace transformation of
Solution:
t
1
L f (t )dt [ Lf (t )]
s
o

sin t 1 sin t
dt L

s t
o t

t sin t
L et
dt
o t

1
1
1
sin tds
ds
2

ss
s s s 1
=
=
1
1
[tan 1 ( s )]s
[tan 1 tan 1 s]
s
s
=
=
1
1
[ 2 tan 1 s ] [cot 1 s ]
s
s
=
=
1

[cot 1 ( s 1)]
s 1

1
2
( s 1)

L1
13. INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMFind
Soln:

t
1
t 1 1
t

e
L

e
t.
2
s 2
( s 1)

L1

2
( s 1) 1

L1

14. Find
Soln :

1
1
L1
e t L1 2 e t sin t

2
s 1
( s 1) 1

s 3
e 3t L1

2
( s 3) 4

L1
15.

Find

2
( s 2) 1

( s 2 4)

e 3t cos 2t.

L1

16. Find

s22
s
L1
L1

2
2
( s 2) 1
( s 2) 1
Soln :

s2
2
L1
L1

2
2
( s 2) 1
( s 2) 1
=

s
2
e 2t L1 2 L1 2
s 1
s 1

=
e 2t cos t e 2t (2) sin t.
=

2
( s b) 4

L1

17. Find
Soln :

sbb
s
L1
L1

2
2
( s b) 4
( s b) 4

sb
b
L1

2
2
( s b) 4
( s b) 4

b
s
1
e bt L1
L 2

s4
s 4

L1

e bt cos 2t be bt

sin 2t
2

s
2
(s 2)

L1
18. Find

L1[ sf ( s )]

Soln.

d 1
[ L F ( s)]
dt

d 2t 1 1
e L 2
dt
s
d 2t

e t
dt
e 2t t (2)e 2t

s
2
(s 2)

L1

19. Find

s 2 2
s
L1
L1
2
2
( s 2)
( s 2)
Soln.
s2

2
L1
L1
2
2
( s 2)
( s 2)

s
2
e 2t L1 2 L1 2
s
s

2t
e [1 2t ]
20.

s( s 3)

L1

t
F (s)

L1 F ( s )dt

0
s

L1

Soln.

1
dt
0
( s 3)
t
1
e 3t L1 dt
0
s
t

L1

e 3t dt
0

e 3t

e 3t 1

3
3
1
[1 e 3t ]
3

1
2
s( s a )

L1
21.

t
F (s)

L1 F ( s )dt

0
s

L1

Soln.

1
1

L1 2
dt

2
2
2

0
s( s a )
(s a )

L1

sin at
dt
a

1 t
sin atdt
a 0

1 cos at

a
a

1 cos at cos 0

a
a
a
1
cos at

a2
a2

( s 1)( s 3)

L1
22.

Soln.

1
A
B
( s 1)( s 3) ( s 1) ( s 3)

A( s 3) B( s 1) 1

B 1
Sub s = -3

A 1

Sub s = -1
Subt.

1
1/ 2
1/ 2
( s 1)( s 3) ( s 1) ( s 3)

Taking L-1 on both sides

1
1 1 1 1 1
1
L1
L1
L
e t e 3 t

(
s

1
)(
s

3
)
2
s

1
2
s

L e at cos(bt c)
23.
Soln.

by 1st Shifting theorem

L e at cos(bt c) L cos(bt c) s s a

L cos bt cos c sin bt sin c ss a

cos cL[cos bt ]s s a sin cL[sin bt ]ss a

cos c.( s a)
b sin c

2
2
( s a) b
( s a) 2 b 2

24. Evaluate

te2t sin tdt

L[t sin t ] e st sin tdt

Soln.
Hence the given integral is the value of L[t sint] when s = 2
d 1
L[t sin t ]
ds s 2 1
Sub, s = 2
L[t sin t ]

4
25

e 2t e 3t
0 t dt

25. Evaluate
e 2t e 3t st e 2t e 3t
L
e
dt
t
t

Soln.

 e 2t e 3t

2 t

e
t

3t

, When s = 0
1
1
s 2 s 3 ds
0
[log( s 2) log( s 3)]s

( s 2)
log
( s 3)

log 1 log
log

te
0

2t

s3
s2

1 2 / s

log
1 3 / s

s2
s3

Sub s = 0

3
sin tdt log( )
2

26. Intial value theorem

lt f (t ) lt sF ( s )

L[ f (t )] F ( s )

Soln. If
Proof:

t 0

, then
We know that
L[ F (t )] sF ( s ) f (0)
Taking limit on both side
lt L[ F (t )] lt L[ F (t )]
s

lt sF ( s) f (0) lt L[ F (t )]

lt

lt

lt

F ( s ) f ( 0) 0
F ( s ) f ( 0)
lt

F (s)

lt f (t )

t 0

(i.e).,
27. Find value theorem

L f (t ) F ( s );

lt f (t ) lt

If
Proof:We know that
L[ f (t )] F ( s ) f (0)

s 0

f ( s)

e
0

st

f (t )dt 0

s0

Taking limit on both sides

lt L[ f (t )] lt F ( s) f (0)
s 0

lt

s 0

s 0

F ( s ) f ( 0)

lt

s 0

st

f (t )dt

f (t )dt
0

f (t ) 0 f (2) f (0)
2

lt

s 0

lt

s 0

F (s) f (0) lt
F (s) lt f (t )

f (t ) f (0)

PART B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Write the change of scale property for Laplace transform with proof and also
write inverse Laplace transform for the same.
Write the first shifting property for Laplace transform with proof and also write
inverse Laplace transform for the same.
Write the second shifting property for Laplace transform with proof and also
write inverse Laplace transform for the same.
State and the convolution theorem.
Find the inverse Laplace transform of (s2 + s 2)/s(s + 3)(s 2).
Find the inverse Laplace transform of e-2s/s2(s2 + 1).
Find the inverse Laplace transform of s/(s2 + 1)(s2 + 4)(s2 +9).
Find the inverse Laplace transform of (14s + 10)/(49s2 + 28s + 13).
Find the inverse Laplace transform of (2s3 + 4s2 s + 1)/(s2)(s2 s + 2).
Find the inverse Laplace transform of 1/(s4 + 4).
Solve y + y -2 y = 3 cost -11 sin3t ,y(0)=0 and y(0)=6
Solve using Laplace transforms x y = sint; y x = -cos t given that x =2 , y=0
for t=0.