Submitted by:

April Rose R. Azores

(7-Trustworthiness)

Submitted to:

Ms. Vivien R. Libres

(Teacher)

Parts of a Cell and their Functions

1.) Nucleus: It is a membrane bound organelle, spherical in shape. Most of the activities of the cell is
directed by the nucleus. It also contains the hereditary material of the cell and also helps in protein
synthesis. It is surrounded by a porous membrane the nuclear membrane which enables
movement of materials in/out of the cell.
2.) Nuclear membrane: It is the porous double membrane layer surrounding the nucleus. It allows
passage of substances and is a distinctive characteristic of the eukaryotic cell.
3.) Nucleolus: It is darkly stained are in the nucleus, it aids in protein formation and RNA synthesis.
4.) Plasma/Cell membrane: It is the outer lining of the cell which encloses all other cell organelles.
The cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane is semipermeable. It allows only specific
molecules to pass through and blocking others.
5.) Cytoplasm: It is the fluid substance that fills the cell. All the cell organelles are suspended in the
cytoplasm. The cytoplasm maintains the osmotic concentration of the cells and prevents them from
bursting or shrinking.
6.) Endoplasmic reticulum: ER is a membrane bound organelle which makes lipids and other
materials. It helps carrying materials through the cell and it aids in proteins synthesis.
7.) Rough endoplasmic reticulum: is covered with ribosomes hence appears rough. They follow the
instructions from the nucleus and make proteins the cell needs.
8.) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. It transports
material through the cell and produces and digests lipids and membrane proteins.
9.) Ribosomes: Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. Together they help in
manufacturing proteins for the cell following instructions of the nucleus.
10.)
Mitochondria: Mitochondria is one of the largest organ of the cell and is known as the
'power house of the cell'. It is a spherical or rod shaped organelles and is enveloped by a double
membrane. The mitochondria aids in conversion of glucose to high energy molecules (ATP) for the
cell.
11.)
Vacuoles: They are organelles for storage. Small membrane bound vacuoles filled with
fluids and water are present in animals. In plant cells the vacuoles perform functions of secretion,
excretion and storage.
12.)
Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles, they contain digestive enzymes.
They break down the waste products and detoxify the cell.

13.)
Golgi apparatus: The Golgi complex looks like the ER, and are located near the nucleus.
Its function is to modify proteins made by the cell and pack and export proteins to the cell parts.
14.)
Cell Wall: Cell wall is seen only in plant cell. It is made of cellulose. The function of the cell
wall is to support,protect and allow diffusion of gases in and out of the cell. The strength of the cell
walls help the tree to stand tall and grow against gravity.
15.)
Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are bound by two membranes. They are flattened structures and
look like stack of coins. It is found in plant cells and is absent in animal cells. It is the site of
photosynthesis in plants to prepare food(glucose) for the plant with the use of energy. Also helps in
release of oxygen.
16.)
Centrioles: a very important part of centrosomes, which are involved in organizing
microtubules in the cytoplasm. The position of the centriole determines the position of the nucleus
and plays a crucial role in the spatial arrangement of the cell.