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Jamaat-e-Islami

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Jamaat-e-Islami
‫ت اسلمی‬
ِ ‫جماع‬

Leader Syed Munawar Hasan

Founder Sayyid Abul A'la Maududi

Founded 26 August 1941

Islam
Ideology
Muslim Nationalism

International affiliation No affiliation

Official colors Green, White, Blue

Website

http://jamaat.org

The Jamaat-e-Islami [1] (Urdu: ‫ت اسلمی‬ ِ ‫جماع‬, Jamaat-i-Islami, "Islamic Party" Jamaat, JI) is a
Muslim religious and political party in Pakistan. It was founded on 26 August 1941 in Lahore by
Muslim theologian Maulana Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.[2] and is the oldest religious party in
Pakistan.[2]
Founded during British rule in India, the Jamaat moved its organisation after the partition of
India to the newly-created Muslim state of Pakistan. The members who remained in India
regrouped to form an independent organization called Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. The Jamaat
opposed the independence of Bangladesh, but established itself there as an independent political
party, the Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh after 1975. There is also a Jamaat offshoot in Sri Lanka.
The Jamaat maintains close ties with international Islamist groups such as the Muslim
Brotherhood. Within Pakistan, the Jamaat leads the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal alliance of
religious parties.[2]. A vanguard party, its members (or arkan) form an elite with "affiliates"
(mutaffiq) and then "sympathisers" (hamdard) beneath them.[2]
The Jamaat's objectives are the "Iqamat-e-Deen" or "Nizam-e-Mustafa" - the establishment of a
pure Islamic state, governed by Sharia law. The Jamaat opposes Westernization, ideologies such
as capitalism, socialism and secularism, and practices such as bank interest and liberalist social
mores.[3]

Contents
• 1 History
• 2 Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
• 3 Views and platform
○ 3.1 War
○ 3.2 Kashmir and India
○ 3.3 Prejudice
○ 3.4 Human rights
 3.4.1 Non-Muslim rights
○ 3.5 Women's rights
 3.5.1 Adultery and Rape
• 4 Activities
• 5 Allegation of links to Extremism
• 6 See also
○ 6.1 Personalities
○ 6.2 Islamic
○ 6.3 Islam-related
○ 6.4 Other topics related to Muslims in South Asia
• 7 References
• 8 External links

History
The party was founded in British India on 26 August 1941 by Syedd Abul Ala Maududi as a
movement to promote Islamic values and practices. It is not simply a religious or political party.
It bears the logo from a verse in the Quran " Ud-Khulu Fis-Silmi Kaffa" meaning "Enter In Islam
Full Fledge" - Take Islam as a complete way of life.
This movement and its constitution has following major notable points:
1)) Human kind will find peace and growth only when it will accept and practise true teachings
of God "Allah" in all spheres of its life, from individual level to national and international levels.
These teachings are presented by prophets in different ages and Muhammad has left the last book
of God - The Quran - in its original form and his personal teachings are recorded in different
hadiths which are sufficient to establish a complete code of life.
2)) This movement will not adopt any illegal or underground means to come to power. It will
educate people in the first course about real Islamic Values and participate in elections.
With the support of common Pakistanis, the JI organized a movement in 1948 to convince
government to initiate Islamic Constitution. As a result, The Constitution Preamble, commonly
known as "Qaraardad e Maqasid" was approved by the national assembly which in principle
accepts that all laws and amendments will be Islamic or made Islamic.
The writings of Maududi gained a wide audience. It is to be noted that in JI no body asks for any
position or responsibility. It is the movement which elects its top leadership to lead. On health
grounds Mr. maududi excused to lead the movement in 1972 and requested the Top Elected
Body of the movement "Shoura" to select someone else to perform the duties of Chief " Ameer".
Liberal groups in Pakistan raised the question of whether the JI could be regarded as a political
party or a subversive group. The Pakistani supreme court ruled in favor of the JI as a "legitimate
political group". They became an opposition party from 1950-1977.
By 1976, Jamaat's street power multiplied by 2,000,000 new entrants when it swore to organize
marches to Islamabad for implementing Sharia. In 1977, Maududi cobbled together a grand
alliance of rightist parties and launched a "civil disobedience campaign", leading to his arrest. So
powerful had [Jamaat] become in Islamist ranks by then that the Sunni government of Saudi
Arabia personally intervened to secure Maududi's release by dangling the specter of "revolution"
in Pakistan.[4]
Initially supporting the incoming President of Pakistan, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, they
had conflicts with the decade-long Zia regime when he chose to ban student unions in 1988,
including the ones under JI, such as the IJT. The IJT became major recruiting grounds for the
ranks of the JI and they havoc the concept of student unions.[3]
In their aggressive support for Islamization of Pakistan, they piloted the Sharia bill through the
Pakistani Senate in 1986. Over the course of the 1990s their influence diminished somewhat. In
the 1993 national elections, the JI captured only 3 seats in the national assembly.[3]
During the democratic interlude of 1988-99, the Jamaat continued to act as an "eternal opponent"
of non-Islamic rulers, while grabbing power-sharing chances, especially under Nawaz Sharif.[4]
The 1999 Pervez Musharraf coup was welcomed by the JI, but once Musharraf started reforms,
they turned against him and started preaching radical Islamism, warning that "Pakistan's destiny
lay in the Islamic revolution" and that party workers "were ready to sacrifice their lives for the
cause of Almighty Allah and His Prophets".[4]
In the legislative elections of Pakistan on October 20, 2002, [Jamaat-e-Islami] got 53 out of 272
elected members. http://massmediapk.blogspot.com
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
JI was a member of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA, United Council of Action, United
Front), a coalition between religious-political parties in Pakistan. The MMA has denounced
President Musharraf for "betraying" the Taliban and siding with the U.S. against them. They
reject any attempts to settle the Kashmir dispute with India peacefully and support the Kashmir
"Jihad". The MMA also denounces the presence of American troops and agencies in Pakistan. .[5]
Views and platform
The JI website gives the party's position on various matters in a statement on "Objectives, Goals
and Approach."[6]
War
JI believes that war and organized violence "...flows from man’s lack of complete allegiance to
God Almighty as a supreme Creator,"[6] although it supports armed jihad in Indian-held Kashmir.
Kashmir and India
For more details on this topic, see Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts.
Pakistan and India have fought three wars, in two of them the casus belli was the disputed
Kashmir region.
In 2002, President Musharraf prohibited the movement of armed militants across the Line of
Control that divides the disputed territory. His pledge to stop militants from crossing the line was
a significant factor in the easing of tensions with India.[7]
JI organized a protest rally against his action. Qazi Hussain Ahmed, president of JI, said
Pakistan-administered Kashmir was the base-camp for the jihad (holy war) in Indian-
administered Kashmir and no one in Pakistan had the right to create obstacles in its way. He said
the people of Pakistan were not afraid of another war with India and demanded President
Musharraf take a firmer stand in support of the struggle of the Kashmir's Muslims.[7]
Prejudice
"The Jamaat-e-Islami is an ideological party, devoid of any trace of expediency, power-politics,
prejudices of caste, colour, country, language and nationality." [6] In the Islamic state it seeks,
however, only Muslims would have ruling positions.
JI is not opposed to discrimination against the Ahmadiyya sect, which it believes is un-Islamic. It
has been accused of "fomenting religious violence against [Ahmadis] and other religious
minorities."[8][9]
Human rights
JI sets forth that, "Islam has laid down universal fundamental rights for humanity which are to be
observed and respected in all circumstances." They state, "...it is not permissible to oppress
women, children, old people, the sick or the wounded; women's honour and chastity must be
respected; the hungry must be fed, the naked clothed and the wounded or diseased treated
medically irrespective of whether they belong to the Islamic community or are from amongst its
enemies."[10]
Non-Muslim rights
"The life, property and honour of a Non-Muslim is to be respected and protected in exactly the
same way as that of a Muslim citizen. Nor is there difference between a Muslim and a Non-
Muslim citizen in respect of civil or criminal law. The Islamic state may not interfere with the
personal rights of Non-Muslims, who have full freedom of conscience and belief and are at
liberty to perform their religious rites and ceremonies in their own way."[10]
While the JI platform states there is no difference between a Muslim and a Non-Muslim in
respect to law, the JI supported the Hudood Ordinance which states if a Muslim is accused of
rape, all witnesses against him (other than the victim) must be Muslims themselves.
The Founder of the Jamaat has a clear and loud policy about death punishment for apostasy. He
writes: “Whenever the death penalty for apostasy is enforced in a new Islamic state, then
Muslims are kept within Islam’s fold. But there is a danger that a large number of hypocrites will
live alongside them. They will always pose a danger of treason….. My solution to the problem is
this. That whenever an Islamic revolution takes place, all non-practicing Muslims should, within
one year, declare their turning away from Islam and get out of Muslim society. After one year all
born Muslims will be considered Muslim. All Islamic laws will be enforced upon them. They
will be forced to practice all the fara id and wajibat of their religion and, if anyone then wishes to
leave Islam, he will be executed. Every effort will be made to save as many people as possible
from falling into the lap of kufr. But those who cannot be saved will be reluctantly separated
from society forever [executed]. After this purification Islamic society will start afresh with
Muslims who have decided voluntarily to remain Muslims.” He says: There is one final question
about capital punishment which may disturb many of us. A non-Muslim who freely embraced
Islam then returned to kufr can be said to have made a deliberate mistake. He could have
remained a dhimmi, so why enter a religion of collective responsibility from which there is no
escape? But what of the person who was born of Muslim parents and who has not embraced
Islam? He is a Muslim by birth. If, on reaching adulthood, he wants to reject the faith, you
threaten him with execution and he remains Muslim. This is unjust. And it also provides
sustenance to the ever-growing number of born hypocrites in Muslim society. There are two
answers to this question, one deals with the practical aspect, the other with the principle. In
principle there can be no distinction between the born followers of a religion and that religion’s
converts. And no religion has ever made that distinction. Both converts and born followers are
governed by the same laws. It is both impossible and a logical absurdity to treat the children of
the followers of a religion as kufar or aliens till they are adults, then give them the choice of
choosing or rejecting the religion (or citizenship, for that matter) of their birth. No society in the
world could manage its affairs in this way.22 This means we do not compel anyone to embrace
our religion. This is true. But we must warn anyone who wishes to recant that this door is
impassable to free traffic. If you wish to come, do so with the firm decision that you cannot
escape. There are only two methods of dealing with an apostate. Either make him an outlaw by
depriving him of his citizenship and allowing him mere existence, or end his life. The first
method is definitely more severe than the second, because he exists in a state in which ‘he
neither lives nor dies.’28 Killing him is preferable. That way both his agony and the agony of
society are ended simultaneously.
This was the policy adopted by the Prophetsa and his rightly guided caliphs. Arabia, where the
Muslim Party was first formed, was the first to be subdued. After this the Prophetsa sent
invitations to all neighboring countries. But he did not wait to see whether they were accepted or
not. As soon as he acquired power, he started the conflict with the Roman Empire. Abu Bakr
became the leader of the party after the Prophetsa and attacked both the Roman and Persian
Empires, while Umar finally won the war. (Ref: Maulana Abut Ala Maududi, Murtadd ki saza
Islami qanun main , (Lahore: Islamic Publications Ltd, 1981 8th ed.)
Women's rights
Jamaat-e-Islami states, "The Muslim woman is accorded full spiritual and intellectual equality
with man...", their position on women's rights is from a "Islamic point of view" which, the party
claims, is more dignified than international beliefs of equal rights.[11]
Unlike Western ideals, women are not considered to have the same roles as men (other than
those restricted by biology) but that both men and women have separate but equal duties and
rights.
"Anything a wife earns is her own to dispose of, either to use it herself or to contribute it to the
family budget if she wishes.", however she, "is to recognize her husband as the person
responsible for the running of the affairs of the family, and thus to obey him even if his judgment
is not acceptable to her, in a particular matter, provided he does not go beyond the limits of
Islam."[12]
Jamaat-e-Islami feels that Muslim woman have the right to property after a divorce. However,
the man receives twice the amount of the woman of their joint property. Since the man is
supposed to provide for the maintenance of all the women and children in their family, it is
considered fair since the woman's share is for herself alone.[13]
When a woman goes out in public, "...she is expected to wear a dress which will cover all parts
of her body except for hands and face and which should not reveal the shape of the figure."[14]
Men are also supposed to dress modestly, however in practice their attire is less restricted since
women were more oppressed in the past (rape, etc.) and had no rights then men. They are
required to wear modest cloths because that would protect them from any kind of attack from the
stranger or that which will less tempt the stranger who is gazing at her.
Adultery and Rape
Failure to prove rape places the woman at risk of prosecution for the accusing an innocent man
of adultery, which does not require such strong evidence or the woman could be accused of
adultery herself, if she is married. However, Muhammad Taqi Usmani who was instrumental in
drafting the Hudood Ordinance, claims that, "she cannot be punished in case she is unable to
present 4 witnesses."[15]
As a result of these issues and international pressure, the Women's Protection Bill was passed by
the National Assembly of Pakistan on 15 November 2006. This Bill brings rape under the
Pakistan Penal Code, which is based on civil law. The Bill removes the right of police to detain
people suspected of doing unlawful things outside of marriage, instead requiring a formal
accusation in court. Under the changes, adultery and non-marital consensual sex is still an
offense but now judges would be allowed to try rape cases in criminal. That also requires the
needs for the four witnesses and allows convictions to be made on the basis of forensic and
circumstantial evidence.
The MMA opposed the Women's Protection Bill. Samia Raheel Qazi, MP and daughter of Qazi
Hussain Ahmed stated, "We have been against the bill from the start. The Hudood Ordinance
was devised by a highly qualified group of ulema (Islamic scholars), and is beyond question".
The Jamaat-e-Islami believe that the bill did not need scrapping, but needed to be applied in a
fairer way, and undestood properly by judges.
Activities
The Jamat is very active in the field of Dawah (Missionary movement), Tarbiyah (Islamic
education) and Tanzeem (arrangement) almost in all the areas of Pakistan. It has a strong body in
each province which is further divided in district, cities, towns and village zones and sectors.
Jamat has also its unions for doctors, teachers and workers and the same is in the female wing of
Jamat Halqa Khawateen (circle of women).
Neither the "Islamic theodemocracy" nor the "Islamic economy" of the JI have been attained, and
though their leader, Qazi Hussain rhetorically claims that "Allah will rule in Islamabad in five
years", his organization still remains on the fringes within Pakistan.[4]
Their failures in Pakistan are matched by their successes in foreign Islamist support and militant
actions. Their faith in Islamic Jihad gave them sizable currency among the Mujahideen in
Afghanistan, Kashmir and other areas troubled by insurgency. They have links with many
international militant groups, such as the Hizb-i-Islami during the Soviet occupation of
Afghanistan.[4] Jamaat's profession of imparting "Muslims the religious instruction that they lack"
has acted as a decoy for training and indoctrination of thousands of mujahideen to fight not only
in Afghanistan but also as far as Chechnya, Bosnia, Sinkiang, Nagorno-Karabagh and Southeast
Asia. One of the more fascinating strategies of the ISI-Jamaat nexus in Central Asia is to
"disintegrate the Russian Federation itself and the recomposition of a new structure dominated
by conservative Islamist regimes".[4]
The JI was initially supported by the Inter-Services Intelligence, but the capture of Kabul by the
Taliban was as setback for JI on account of their sympathies with the Northern Alliance. Thus,
the ISI, which backed the Taliban initially, alienated the JI. They are alleged to have contacts
with separatist groups in Kashmir. It has been suggested that JI is supported by the Pakistani
state in its Kashmiri activities because it is the only separatist organization in Kashmir
committed to unification with Pakistan. It has also been alleged that JI maintains camps in
Kashmir for training militants, both Kashmiri and foreign, for 'Jihad against India'.
Various Islamic groups are engaged in competition in trying to provide relief efforts to
earthquake victims in Pakistan. Jamaat-e-Islami and affiliated groups have been involved in such
efforts in the Pakistani city of Balakot.[16]
Allegation of links to Extremism
In a 1993 US Congressional Report, it is stated that Hizbul Mujahideen has been supported by,
and closely affiliated with Jamaat-i-Islami, "from which they receive funding, weapons and
training assistance beyond the ISI's contribution. Following the organizational principles
recommended by Tehran and Khartoum, the movement has transformed into the Kashmiri
Jamaat-i-Islami, under Abdul-Majid Dar, with a quasi-legal character emphasizing educational
and social activism, with the Hizbul Mujahideen as the clandestine terrorist arm." Regarding the
training of Kashmiri Islamic militants, the report states that, "Islamist indoctrination and other
assistance is provided the Jamaat-i-Islami of Pakistan."[17]
Khurshid Ahmed, writes on Jamaat.org, "The reason of war is Islamic forces’ meddling in
Kashmir where religious parties’ role, and particularly of Jamaat-e-Islami, is highlighted.
Collaboration and cooperation between the military and the Islamic forces is held responsible for
the situation."[18]
The Times of India reports, "The Hizbul Mujahideen had borne the brunt of counter-insurgency
operations for the past two years. He also found its political wing, the Jamaat-e-Islami, and its
ameer, Ghulam Mohammed Butt, stressing the necessity for dialogue."[19]
See also
• List of political parties in Pakistan
• Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh
• Jamaat-e-Islami Hind
• Pakistan National Alliance
• Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba
• Students Islamic Organisation of India
• 1971 East Pakistan Intellectuals massacre
• Jamaati
• Pakistan Tehreek Insaaf
• Islamic Fundamentalism
• Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
• Islamic Research Academy
Personalities
• Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
• Mian Muhammad Tufail
• Qazi Hussain Ahmad
• Syed Munawar Hasan
• Khurshid Ahmad
• Khurram Murad
• Dr. Nazir Ahmad Shaheed
• Ghafoor Ahmed
• Ch. Rehman Ilahi
• Liaqat Baloch
• Prof. Muhammad Waqas Khan
• Sufi Raja Akbar hussaingujarkhan ma jmt islmi ki buniyad rakhi thi
• Dr.Syed Waseem Akhter
Islamic
The Jamaat is often mentioned as a major Islamic party, being the largest "religious party" in one
of the largest Muslim countries in the world. Topics related to the wider discussion include:
• Egyptian Islamic Jihad
• Mujahedeen
• Sayyid Qutb
• Hasan al-Banna
• Yusuf al-Qaradawi
• Abdullah Yusuf Azzam
• Dr. Israr Ahmed
Islam-related
• Qur'an
• Shari'a
• Hadith
Other topics related to Muslims in South Asia
• Sayed Ahmad Khan
References
1. ^ : UN to Ban Jamaat Islami
2. ^ a b c d GlobalSecurity.org: Jamaat-e-Islami
3. ^ a b c Jamaat-i-Islami Federal Research Division US Library of Congress
4. ^ a b c d e f Grare, Fredric, Anatomy of Islamism, Political Islam in the Indian
Subcontinent,Manohar Publishers, New Delhi, 2001. ISBN 81-7304-404-X
5. ^ Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA), GlobalSecurity.org, Retrieved 2007-6-20
6. ^ a b c Objectives, Goals and Approach, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-20
7. ^ a b BBC News. 11 June, 2002, Musharraf denounced over Kashmir
8. ^ Report on The Situation of Ahmadi Muslims in Pakistan
9. ^ Bangladesh: Government Fails to Act Against Religious Violence (Human Rights Watch, 16-6-
2005)
10.^ a b The Political Framework Of Islam, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-20
11.^ Woman in Islam, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-19
12.^ Rights and Obligations, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-20
13.^ Divorce, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-20
14.^ Dress, Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Retrieved 2007-6-20
15.^ Mufti Taqi Usmani (retired judge), The Reality of ‘Women Protection Bill’
16.^ [1]
17.^ The New Islamist International:Task Force on Terrorism & Unconventional Warfare. Report
February 1, 1993
18.^ Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan: Pakistan: Crises and the Way Out
19.^ The Time of India: Why the Hizb talked and why it'll talk again

External links
• Official site (English)
• Profile: Jamaat-e-Islami & Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi GlobalSecurity.org
• Bangladesh ruling party expels MP BBC, 25 November 2005
• Pakistan rulers claim poll boost BBC, 7 October 2005
• Who's afraid of the six-party alliance? BBC, 17 August 2005
• Pakistan 'hate' paper crackdown BBC, 16 August 2005
• Radical links of UK's 'moderate' Muslim group Martin Bright, The Observer, 14 August
2005
• Congressional Report: The New Islamist International(from FAS site) Bill McCollum,
U.S. Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and Unconventional Warfare, 1993-2-1
• Tanzeem-e-Islami (Tehreek-e-Khilafah).

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