Evolution Exam 2 Biology 1010

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Instructions:
Please enter Last Name, First Name and your RIN on both, this page and in the bubbles of the Scantron sheet.
Multiple choice questions: Read each question carefully, looking at all the suggested answers. Select the best answer and mark
it on the Scantron sheet using pencil. Check all your answers at least once to make sure you have chosen the best answer and
marked the corresponding place on the form.
Essay questions: please use pen, and write clearly below each question.

1) Co-evolution
A) refers to the tendency of adjacent genes to be inherited together, such as alpha and beta globin in mammals
B) refers to the appearance of similar traits in distantly related organisms, such as the Tasmanian wolf and the grey
wolf
C) is the evolution of two species in response to changes in each others genes, as in bats and moths
D) refers to the uptake of a food organism without actually digesting it, enabling an endosymbiotic relationship to
occur, as in chloroplasts.
2) The data shown below are from a simulator of genetic drift. Just focus on the middle panel, which shows the
frequency of two alleles over time (dark line is for
A allele and lighter line is for a allele). What is
the likeliest size of the population being modeled
here?
A) 10 individuals
B) 50 individuals
C) 500 individuals
D) 2000 individuals

3) Ensatina salamanders are found in an arc on three sides of the San Joaquin Valley in California. The populations
extending on either side of the valley from north to south can interbreed with their immediate neighbors, but those
living furthest south cannot breed with one another when brought across the valley for testing. These salamanders are
an example of
A) Adaptive radiation
B) Coevolution
C) Genetic drift
D) Parapatric speciation
4) Human social behavior appears to be
A) exclusively a product of our genes.
B) determined by the environment.
C) a product of our genes, external influences, and environment.
D) unrelated to genetics.

5) The data here show the frequencies of the two morphs of Biston betularia carbonaria, the dark form, and typica,
the light spotted form, from 1950 to 2000, when oil was replacing coal as a heating fuel in the country. These data
based upon experiments by Michael Majerus were intended to check the validity of earlier experiments of this type
done by Kettlewell. Kettlewells data was questioned because of which reason listed below:
A) Kettlewell recovered a higher proportion of
the carbonaria when he collected in the clean
areas than the polluted ones.
B) Kettelwell used lab grown and wild
populations of moths mixed together.
C) Kettlewell recovered equal proportions of
carbonaria in both polluted and clean areas.
D) Kettlewell used population sizes that were
well below the normal population size in the
areas where he ran his experiments.

6) Which of the following cultural activities have been demonstrated in chimpanzees?

A) Painting on rock surfaces in abstract lines.
B) Females asserting their status by making aggressive displays
C) Using plant stems as tools for food extraction/capture.
D) Individual hunting of other smaller species of monkeys.
7) Which of the following statements best describes how flight and feathers are related in the evolution of birds?
A) The first flying birds did not have feathers, which evolved later.
B) Feathers and flight evolved at the same time.
C) The first feathered ancestors to birds did not fly, but may have used their feathers for insulation and display.
D) Feathers are soft and do not leave fossils or fossil traces, so it is unknown which organisms first had feathers.
8) Which of the following is the first distinctively hominin trait to appear in the fossil record?
A) sophisticated stone tools
B) increased brain size
C) upright walking (bipedalism)
D) a very long period of parental care
9) Neanderthals are best described as
A) direct ancestors to modern humans.
B) direct ancestors to modern Europeans, but not to other human populations.
C) a localized form or subspecies of Homo sapiens that was well-adapted to living in caves and carrying clubs.
D) a hominin that colonized Europe independently of Homo sapiens and interbred with some Homo sapiens.
10) Fossil and genetic evidence strongly support the idea that modern humans
A) independently arose from three different ancestral Homo species in Africa and Eurasia.
B) all derive from a single African lineage that spread from there into other parts of the world starting about 80,000
years ago.
C) derive from an African lineage but also have genes derived from mixing with several Eurasian descendants of
Homo erectus.
D) derive from Neanderthals that independently evolved the features of modern humans in Europe and Africa.
11) If you had to choose, where would you rather get infected with a serious bacterial disease?
A) In a hospital, where most of the bacteria are probably already weakened by antibiotics in the environment.
B) In a livestock barn where the animals have been treated with antibiotics.
C) In a big city where antibiotics are routinely prescribed by doctors.
D) In a remote, sparsely populated area where the bacteria have not been exposed to antibiotic drugs.

12) The biological species concept is

A) applicable to all forms of life, past and present.
B) applicable to all present life forms, but not to fossil organisms whose reproductive behavior cannot be observed.
C) easy to apply to all present sexually reproducing organisms, but harder to apply to asexual organisms and fossils.
D) sometimes difficult to put into practice even for present sexual organisms, and useless for asexual organisms and
fossils.
13) Two species that occasionally mate and produce zygotes, but which have incompatible genes that prevent the
resulting embryo from developing, are separated by
A) gametic isolation.
B) reduced hybrid fertility.
C) reduced hybrid viability.
D) hybrid breakdown.
14) Which of the following would tend to promote adaptive radiation?
A) An organism has a very stable set of features and capabilities over long spans of evolutionary time.
B) An organism colonizes an isolated area that is habitable but relatively devoid of life.
C) An organism colonizes an area that already has a high level of existing species diversity.
D) A single species goes extinct, but it has several competitors that quickly expand to assume its ecological roles.
15) A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark. She starts with a diverse mixture of dogs. Generation
after generation, she allows only the quietest dogs to breed. After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with
interesting traits, but on average, the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds. Which of the following
would be a logical explanation for her failure?
A) There is no variation for the trait (barking).
B) The tendency to bark is not a heritable trait.
C) The selection was artificial, not natural, so it did not produce evolutionary change.
D) There was no selection (differential reproductive success) related to barking behavior.
Essays

1. The data shown below were presented in class. Each antibiotic named in the left hand column
was used to target specific bacterial infections, but the targets were elusive and managed to
show antibiotic resistance. What is the mechanism(s) that explains bacterial resistance to the
antibiotic? HINT: Please consider these data as a group as there is no need to answer precisely
the relationship between one antibiotic and the other (5 points).

Year introduced

Resistance observed

Penicillin

1943

1946

Chloramphenicol

1947

1959

12

Tetracycline

1948

1953

Erythromycin

1952

1988

36

Ampicillin

1961

1973

12

Years to Resistance

2. Why was sexual dimorphism within a species troubling to Darwin and his ideas on Natural
Selection? What experimental observations in the modern era help in resolving this dichotomy
between the appearance of males and females of the same species? (5 points)