OPIOD ANALGESICS

ANALGESICS are the drugs w/c selectively relieves pain by acting in the CNS or
peripheral pain mechanism w/o significantly altering the consciousness OPOIND
and NSAIDS.
OPIOD
any drug w/c binds to the opioid receptors in the CNS and
antagonized by Naloxone.
they maybe- Natural, Synthetic and Semi synthetic
NARCOTICS drug derived from opium or opium like compounds, w/ potent
analgesic effect ass. w/ significant alteration of mood and behavior and with the
potential for dependence and tolerance ff. repeated administration.
OPIODS opium
dark brown resinous material obtained from poppy (Papaver somiferum)
NARCOTIC ANALGESICS (2 CLASSES OF OPIUM)
A. Phenatrene
a. Morphine
b. Codeine
B. Benzlisoquino line
a. Papaverine HCl
OPIUM HISTORY
-

Friedrich Wilhelm Serturner

o German Pharmacist
o Isolated Morphine in1803 and named it after the Greek god of Dream
Morpheus.

MORPHINE SULFATE
Chemical Structure

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Interacts at a specific receptor binding site. Agonist activity at receptor site can
result in analgesia, euphoria, depression, hallucination, miosis and sedation. Alters
pain at the spinal cord and higher levels in the CNS.
USES
-

Relieves mild to moderate pain

Decrease anxiety, therefore decrease myocardial oxygen demand w/ pain
from a myocardial infraction.

THERAPEUTIC USES
-

Long bond fracture

Myocardial infraction
Terminal Stage of Cancer
Burn Patient
Postoperative Patient

CODEINE
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

CHEMICAL FORMULA: C18 H21 NO3

USES:
-

Mild to moderate agonist

Less efficacious than morphine or have effects that limit the maximum
tolerated dose
Suppression of cough

BENZLISOQUINOLINE (PAPAVERINE TYPE)

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C20 H21 NO4
Discovered in 1848 by George Merck
USES: Opium Alkaloid
-

Antispasmodic drug
Treatment of spasm and vasospasm and treatment of erectile dysfunction

NON NARCOTIC ANALGESICS

A. NSAIDS (Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs)
Inflammation (Latin, Inflamatio, to set onfire)
Is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful
stimuli, such as pathogens damaged cells, or irritant.
The classic signs and symptoms of acute inflammation
REDNESS Rubor
SWELLING Tumor
HEAT Color
PAIN Dolor
LOSS OF FUNCTION Functio Laesa
SALICYLATES
o

I.

ASPIRIN
o

One of oldest anti-inflammatory used

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin, mediates inflammatory and

pyrogenic reactions at low doses, affect, platelet aggregation by
inhibiting decrease platelet aggregation.

CHEMICAL STRUTURE OF ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID)

CHEMICAL FORMULA: C9 H8 O4
USES
o
o
o

Relieves low to moderate pain

Decrease inflammation in condition: systemic lupus erythematous, RA
(Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, bursitis and tendonitis.
Prophylaxis against or reduction of the recurrence of transient Ischemic
attack and Myocardial Infraction

HISTORY: It was obtained from willow bark (Salicaceae)

II.

PARA-AMINOPHENOL DERIVATIVE
ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL)
BN. TYLENOL
MECHANISM OF ACTION
o

Acts directly on the thermoregulatory cells in the hypothalamus

(sweating and vasodilation, lowers body heat)

USES
o Mild to moderate pain
o Fever
o Musculoskeletal pain associated with arthritis and rheumatoid disorder
8 10 tablets (500mg)
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C8 H9 NO2
HISTORY
o

First made using coal tar also found in cigarette.