AKS University, Satna

By
Tusharadri Singh Chandel
B.Tech (CSE), 3rd Semester

CONTENTS Plagiarism
1) Introduction to
Plagiarism.
What is plagiarism?
Why plagiarism is bad?
Plagiarism in field of computer science

2) Terms related to
Plagiarism.

Citation
Bibliography
Quote
Paraphrase

3) When document is called

Plagiarised.
4) Guidelines for Plagiarism
5) Difference between
Plagiarism & Copyright.

Copyright Infringement
Difference

6) Plagiarism detection
Manual Method
Software Assisted Method

7) Plagiarism in the world &

India.

Introduction to
Plagiarism What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism is defined as an act of taking some ones other idea, work or
research and using it or representing it (even some part of that work) as
owns original work. On other words we can also say that plagiarism is an
un-credited verbatim, paraphrasing or quoting of any document from any
source.
Plagiarism includes anything that a person copy or paraphrase from
elsewhere without citation. Whether he takes data from research papers,
websites, books etc these entire things come under plagiarism if he is not
specifying that he has taken those words or ideas from somewhere. And
this kind of document is called plagiarized documents. So if a person is
using some data, idea from elsewhere, he have to give credit to its
original author or person by mentioning the place from where he has
taken that data.
Cite[What is plagiarism. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism]

For Example

If you have taken some data from Wikipedia then on the bottom of the
page or just below of that paragraph you have to mention the address of
the page from where you have copied that or taken that data.

Why Plagiarism is bad?

A basic question arises in our mind is that why? Why plagiarism is
considered as a bad thing? Reason is simple and clear. Lets suppose that
you have researched on a topic and after studying and doing lots of
practical you have reached to a result. And now one of your friends or any
people used your research paper and directly comes to the result by just
copying all the data, without telling that he has taken the information from
your research paper. How would you feel? Obviously you will feel like you
have been cheated, its a cheating! Yes its a cheating and thats why
plagiarism is considered as a very bad thing. Using someones work and
passing it as your own is not good. Plagiarism is considered as dishonesty
or disobeys of moral values and academic fraud when it is done by any
students, teachers, authors etc. In the field of academia, mostly people do
plagiarism while making some thesis, articles, project, assignment etc.
Using wrong citation and not putting quotes in case of verbatim is also
considered as plagiarism. There are many universities and science
communities which uses plagiarism detection software to detect
plagiarism in any kind of document.

Plagiarism in field of Computer

Science
In field of computer science plagiarism can be defined as taking
someones data, resources of any person without ones knowledge and by
passing it off as by owns original work. Internet is a vast valley of
knowledge which is a part of computer world and almost every data we
need is available in internet. Generally people use internet to get
information and some of them copy or paraphrase that information and
use in their document.

Terms Related to
Plagiarism
There are some basic terms related to plagiarism which are one of the
most important things to understand how to avoid plagiarism. Till now we
have already heard some of those basic terms such as citation,
paraphrasing, verbatim etc. In this section we will look towards these

basic terms and understand the reasons of their use and also syntax. So
the most basic terms related to plagiarism are
a)
b)
c)
d)

Citation
Bibliography
Quote
Paraphrase

Now we will go through all of these terms one by one and try to find out
the answer of basic questions (What, Why, When, Where and How).

Citation
Citation came from the word cite which means To mention. In citation
basically author mention or tell the audience (reader) that he has taken
the particular information from a particular people, place, book or some
webpage etc. Citation does not only tell the place from where author got
the information but also gives the credit to its actual author.
To avoid plagiarism citation plays a very crucial role in your document. If
a person is using some data that has been taken from somewhere else in
his document and not giving credit to its original author then that
document can be rejected or banned under the rules of plagiarism. Thats
why its very important to do citation whenever it is needed. Mostly
people think that its not necessary to do citation in case of paraphrasing,
which is not true. Any person using information from any source needs to
do citation, whether he has copied that or paraphrased that information.
We give citation in same place where we have used some quote,
paraphrased material or any idea from a particular source. There are well
defined methods of citing which has to be followed to make document unplagiarized. There are many formats used to do citing but most common
method is APA style method. Full form of APA is American Style Method.
1) Citing a Book - Author last name, first initial. (Year published).
Book title, Publication city: publishing company.

Example One Author - Ruechel, J. (2006). Grass-Fed Cattle. New York: Storey
Publishing.
Multiple Authors Fonda, A, and Terezian, J. (2000). Banking in NYC. New
York: Random House.
2) Citing a Journal Article Author last name, first initial. (Year
published). Article title. Journal title, volume number, page
numbers.

Example -

One Author Powell, H. (2003). Implementation of GIS in Soil Analysis.

Soil Technology, 47, 295-308.
Multiple Authors Maddox, A., Ali, A., and McNamara, J. (2003). Effect of
Visiting Animals on Patient Recovery. Hospital Observations, 58.6, 12-18.

3) Citing a Magazine Article Author last name, first initial.

(Publication date). Article title. Magazine title, volume number, page
numbers.

Example Fellon, B. (2004, May 6). Aurora Borealis. Travel, 16, 36-41.
4) Citing a Encyclopaedia Article Author last name, first initial.
(Year published). Article title. In Encyclopaedia title. (Vol. volume
number, page numbers). Publication city: publication company.

Example -Jones, A. (2001). Certificates of Deposit. Encyclopaedia of

Finance (Vol. 2, 123-25). San Francisco: Macmillan, 2001.
5) Citing A Newspaper Article Author last name, first initial.
(Publication date). Article title. Newspaper title, page numbers.

Example - Corvallis, P. (2004, April 8). Development Threatens

Farmland. Mesilla Valley Bulletin, A3.
6) Citing a Website Author last name, first initial. (Publication
date). Article title. Website title. Retrieved date, from URL

Example - Applegate, T. "Judging the Credibility of Sources." Your

Source for Sources. Retrieved September 4, 2012 from
http://sourceforsources.com/articles/article.php/3398511
Cite [Sample MLA Citation list.Wikihow. http://www.wikihow.com/Sample/MLA-Citation-List]
(Verbatim in examples)

Bibliography
Bibliography is a list of books or resources which writer has referred while
preparing his thesis, article or any kind of document. It is necessary to
give names of not only those resources from where writer has
paraphrased or quoted the information but also name of those resources
which writer has used to take idea. It includes books, newspapers,
websites and interviews. It enhances and strengthens the document in
terms of grade and protocol and also saves the author from plagiarism.

NOTE There is very important difference between bibliography and

citation. We do citation to give credit to original author but in case of
bibliography, author gives information about the book or resources he
referred to make that particular document.
Bibliography is required while writing a thesis, book, article etc. When
author use to refer any resource to get idea or material then he/she has to
give a bibliography page where he has to mention about every resource
he/she has used. Generally bibliography page should be at last of
document.
There are many methods to write bibliography but again we will
concentrate on one the most commonly used method and that is APA style
method. Style depends upon the place from where author has taken the
idea, it may come from following places 1.
2.
3.
4.

Conference proceedings
A magazine article
A textbook
A document from a website
Cite{How to write Bibliography.Wikihow. http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Bibliography]

Quotation
When author takes words from another source and copy it as it was in
source without making any changes in original document. While doing
quotation author has to mark these words under the inverted commas
(). If author is not putting verbatim under inverted comma then his
document will become a plagiarized document.
Example
Pointer can be made to work if you fiddle with them long enough. If you
fiddle with anything long enough you will ultimately mess it.

Paraphrase
When author takes some information from any source and write it in his
own style is called paraphrasing. In other words we can say that
paraphrasing is expressing someone elses message in our words. One
thing is very important to note and that is in paraphrasing author has to
write that message in his own style. Some people use to copy the
message and then they replace some words by synonyms. This is not
paraphrase and it comes under plagiarism. If author is using someone

elses message without paraphrasing and quotation then the document

will become plagiarized.
If an author wants to paraphrase any document then he/she has to study
the topic thoroughly and keep the key points in his/her mind. After
studying and gathering the knowledge author has to design a pattern of
his own to write information about that topic using the key points that
author has marked. It is necessary that pattern and design of writing
should be original.
Cite[Paraphrasing.Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraphrase]

When document is
called Plagiarised
To avoid plagiarism its very important to know that when a document is
said to be a plagiarised one. Generally most of the people dont have
complete knowledge about the conditions of plagiarism. And there is a
well know saying that Half knowledge is most dangerous thing in the
world. So there are some points that have to be taken care while writing
any document.

Amount never matters in plagiarism, but it matters in deciding the

consequences of plagiarism. It means even if a person has copied a

single line or five- six lines then also he has to give proper citation.
And the second part of sentence says that if a person has used
around 3-4 lines in a document of 5-6 pages then he will be asked to
give proper citation in document and then present it. But if a person
has copied 1-2 pages without giving citation then his document will
be rejected.
Giving citation is not everything to be on safe side while doing
documentation. If an author has used the exact word to word
material in his document then citation would not the only thing he
will require. Author has to write that lines under the quotation to tell
the reader that he has done verbatim at that place.
There are some common information present in websites and books.
For ExampleEarth is the only planet in our galaxy which have living organism.
So this is the general information which everyone knows, so there is
no need to do citation for this type of sentences.

Guidelines for
Plagiarism
So after having the basic knowledge about plagiarism now its quite good
to have a look towards guidelines for plagiarism. They are as follows
a) We should acknowledge the contribution of persons involved with us
and sources which we used to get idea or data.
b) We should always give citation, whether we are summarizing,
paraphrasing or doing verbatim in document.
c) Verbatim should be under quotation.
d) We should always check for plagiarism detection because
sometimes we do plagiarism by mistake.
e) We should also give citation in proper manner to give credit to its
original author.
f) Bibliography should be in the document to give proper information
to the reader about the books, websites and article, from where data
or idea has been taken.
If a person is going to make a document then he has to follow the
guidelines and also follow the method of citation, bibliography,
quotation etc.

Differnce between
Plagiarism and
Copyright
Plagiarism and copyright infringement somewhat goes on hand in hand.
There are lot of similarities between both of them, but if looked deeply
then we find slight differences between these terms. Before differentiating
them its better to have a look at copyright infringement.

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Copyright Infringement
Copyright infringement is an act of using someone elses data (whose
copyright has been given to someone) in your document without authors
permission. Copyright is generally given to its original author by certified
organisation. In India we have a separate department of copyright
certified by government of India.

Differences
1) Copyright is an academic dishonesty while copyright infringement is
a legal dishonesty.
2) Giving credit to original author is an academic requirement not a
legal requirement.
3) Plagiarism is an offence against the author of document, but
copyright infringement is an offence against copyright holder. In
some cases they are not same.
4) Plagiarism includes using someone elses idea or data, but copyright
infringement happens only when a set of string or sequence of
words has been copied.

Plagiarism detection
As we know that plagiarism is considered as dishonesty in the field of
academia and if any person does plagiarism then his document could be
rejected. So the question which rises here is that how anyone would know
that we have used some words from someone elses work. The answer to
this question is plagiarism detection system. Plagiarism can be detected
by two methods and they are

Manual Method
In this method person who will be verifying document will have to
put lot of effort. Plagiarism detector should have great knowledge of
all the books and data inside books and should also have great
memory. This is very difficult method. In other word we can also say
that it is not practical to read all the books and remember the data
inside books.
Software Assisted Method
In this method, person checking or verifying the document need not
to study all the books and remembering data inside books, all he

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has to do is just open a plagiarism detection tool and then go

according to the instructions. These tool works on some criteria or
approach. They have their own approach to check whether a
document is plagiarised or not. Tools checks the documents on the
basis of following approaches
1) Fingerprinting.
2) String Matching.
3) Bag of words.
4) Citation analysis.
5) Stylometry.
6) Performance.
This method is most efficient and most commonly used method. There are
many plagiarism checker/detection tools available in market. Some of the
most popular and most efficient tools are
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)

Plagium
Turnitin
Dupli Checker
iThenticate
Plagiarism Checker (SEO Small Tool)
Plagiarismdetect
Plagiarisma.net
Eve plagiarism detection system

Cite[PlagiarismDetection.Wikipidea.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism_detection\]

Plagiarism in World and

India
Plagiarism is considered as an academic sin all across the world. Some
countries take it very as a very serious offence while others dont.
Students of those countries are taught to do proper paraphrasing, give
citation and bibliography at the level of 5-6 standards. On other countries,
plagiarism is taken as an offence only in large academic organisation or
department. No students are taught how to avoid plagiarism. Students
studying in international level universities or school are only taught about
this offence and criteria to avoid it.
In India, we dont have any strict regulations against plagiarism. It is only
followed in international level of academic organisations and universities
only. But with the time strictness against plagiarism is increased in India

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also. And thats the only reason why I am writing this thesis. In the coming
years, strictness for plagiarism will increase further. Plagiarism is very
important not only in field of academia but also in field fashion design,
photography etc. It is not only about your respect and honesty but also
about its original authors work and credibility. So its always important to
give respect and credit to original author and also give bibliography list for
reader.
So it is our social responsibility to increase awareness about plagiarism in
India. It is an academic demand which should be fulfilled by our education
system and we should also try to gain knowledge about plagiarism and
methods to avoid plagiarism as much as possible. It is not only
requirement of academia but also a need of time. Today in the world these
things are very important. Its very difficult to do experiments, having
deep knowledge about any topic and then doing lot of researches for
reaching to a conclusion than just simply copying someone others data or
idea. Thats why it is very important to give credit and respect to those
who works harder for betterment of this world.

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Bibliography
1) IEEE.
https://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/plagi
arism_FAQ.html
2) Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarism_detection\
3) Wikihow. http://www.wikihow.com/Avoid-Plagiarism
http://www.wikihow.com/Sample/MLA-Citation-List
http://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Bibliography
4) ORI. http://ori.hhs.gov/plagiarism-0
5) Saraf Hawkins. http://sarafhawkins.com/difference-copyright-andplagiarism/

THE END

Thankyou