Preliminary investigation is an inquiry or proceeding to determine whether there is sufficient ground to

engender a well-founded belief that a crime has been committed and the respondent is probably guilty thereof,
and should be held for trial.

systems analysis as "the process of studying a procedure or business in order to identify its goals and purposes
and create systems and procedures that will achieve them in an efficient way". Another view sees systems analysis
as a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of the studying
how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. [1][need quotation to verify] Analysis and synthesis,
as scientific methods, always go hand in hand; they complement one another. Every synthesis builds upon the
results of a preceding analysis, and every analysis requires a subsequent synthesis in order to verify and correct its
results.[citation needed]
The field of systems analysis relates closely to requirements analysis or to operations research. It is also "an explicit
formal inquiry carried out to help a decision maker identify a better course of action and make a better decision than
she might otherwise have made.
The terms analysis and synthesis stem from Greek, meaning "to take apart" and "to put together," respectively.
These terms are used in many scientific disciplines, from mathematics and logic to economics and psychology, to
denote similar investigative procedures. Analysis is defined as "the procedure by which we break down an
intellectual or substantial whole into parts," while synthesis means "the procedure by which we combine separate
elements or components in order to form a coherent whole." [3] Systems analysis researchers apply methodology to
the systems involved, forming an overall picture. System analysis is used in every field where something is
developed. Analysis can also be a series of components that perform organic functions together, such as system
engineering. Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex
engineering projects should be designed and managed.

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for
a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application of systems
theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis, systems
architecture and systems engineering.
If the broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing, design, and manufacturing into a
single approach to product development,"[3] then design is the act of taking the marketing information and creating
the design of the product to be manufactured. Systems design is therefore the process of defining and
developing systems to satisfy specified requirements of the user.
Until the 1990s, systems design had a crucial and respected role in the data processing industry. In the
1990s, standardization of hardware and software resulted in the ability to build modular systems. The increasing
importance of software running on generic platforms has enhanced the discipline of software engineering.
Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used methods for computer systems
design.[citation needed] The UML has become the standard language in object-oriented analysis and design. [citation needed] It is
widely used for modeling software systems and is increasingly used for high designing non-software systems and
organizations.

System maintenance is a catchall term used to describe various forms of computer or server maintenance required
to keep a computer system running properly. It can describe network maintenance, which could mean that servers
are being physically repaired, replaced, or moved. Network maintenance can also mean that the software for a

server is being updated, changed, or repaired. This sort of maintenance is typically performed on a regular or semiregular schedule, often during non-peak usage hours, and keeps servers running smoothly.

system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as adding and deleting employees
and customers and changing credit limits and product prices.

Systems implementation is the construction of the new system and the delivery of that system into
production (that is, the day-to-day business or organization operation).
Systems implementation is the process of: defining how the information system should be built
(i.e., physical system design), ensuring that the information system is operational and used,
ensuring that the information system meets quality standard (i.e., quality assurance).

Software development is the process of computer programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing
involved in creating and maintaining applications and frameworks resulting in a software product.
Software development is the process of computer programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in
creating and maintaining applications and frameworks resulting in a software product. Software development is a
process of writing andmaintaining the source code, but in a broader sense it includes all that is involved between the
conception of the desired software through to the final manifestation of the software, sometimes in a planned
and structured process.[1] Therefore, software development may include research, new development, prototyping,
modification, reuse, re-engineering, maintenance, or any other activities that result in software products. [2]
Software can be developed for a variety of purposes, the three most common being to meet specific needs of a
specific client/business (the case with custom software), to meet a perceived need of some set of
potential users (the case with commercialand open source software), or for personal use (e.g. a scientist may write
software to automate a mundane task). Embedded software development, that is, the development of embedded
software such as used for controlling consumer products, requires the development process to be integrated with
the development of the controlled physical product. System software underlies applications and the programming
process itself, and is often developed separately.
The need for better quality control of the software development process has given rise to the discipline of software
engineering, which aims to apply the systematic approach exemplified in the engineering paradigm to the process of
software development.
There are many approaches to software project management, known as software development life cycle models,
methodologies, processes, or models. The waterfall model is a traditional version, contrasted with the more recent
innovation of agile software development.