1|ILM.

Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

myF 6:

r%fKk; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpaYk;.

nghOJNghf;fpw;fhfj; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay;
i. Kg;gupkhz cUtj; njhopDl;gk;(3D njhopDl;gk;):
capNuhl;lKs;s jpiug;glq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf ,j;njhopDl;gq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
,j;jpiug;glq;fisg; ghu;g;gjw;fhf tpN\ %f;Ff; fz;zhbfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
ii. n`hNyhfpuhgpf; tpk;gq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; njhopDl;gk;(Holographic image processing technology):
xU ,lj;jpy; glkhf;fg;gl;l cUtj;jpd; tpk;gj;ij ,d;DnkhU jsj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,J
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
III. Nfypr;rpj;jpuj; jpiug;glk;:
Kk;gg;gupkhd kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l nkd;nghUl;fisg;gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gLk; Nfypr;rpj;jpuq;fs;.
iv. ,yf;fKiw nrtpg;Gyg; gjpg;Gfs;.
,iraikg;G> ,irf;fUtpfspd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fnkd tpN\l nkd;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfsp;d;
gad;ghL. kw;Wk; mjpfkhd ghly;fis Njf;fp itg;gjw;fhd trjp.
v. ,yf;fKiw tpisahl;Lf;fs;(Digital Games):
vi. ghtid tpisahl;Lf;fs;(Dimulation games):
ntspg;ghtidfis fzdpapy; cs;thq;fg;gl;L mjw;fika nraw;gLk; tpisahl;Lf;fy;.
,t;tpisahl;Lf;fs; gapw;rpaspj;jy;> gFg;gha;T nra;jy;> jpl;lkpLjy; Mfpatw;Wf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfs;.

rl;lg; gpur;rpidfs;:
1. gpuj;jpNafj; juTfisf; fsthLjy;:
xUtiug; gpuj;jpNafkhf ,dq;fhz;gjw;F cs;s jfty;fisf; fzpdpapypUe;J my;yJ
juT tq;fpapypUe;J jpULjy;.
cjhuzkhf: fzf;fpyf;fk;> flTr;nrhy;> gadu; ngau;> tuT ml;il tpguk;> ,yf;fKiwg;
glq;fs;> etc
2. mDkjpapd;wp fzpdpj; njhFjpf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jy;:
fzdpj; njhFjpapy; my;yJ tiyj;jsj;jpy; mDkjpapd;wp co;Eioe;J my;yJ gaeu;
ngau;> flTr;nrhy;iy jpUb cs;Eioe;J epWtd my;yJ egu;fspd; juTfis jpULjy;.
3. Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;ijf; fsthly;:
xUtu; my;yJ xU epWtdk; Nkw;nfhz;l Gjpa cw;gj;jp my;yJ xU gilg;G njhlu;ghd tpguk;
my;yJ mwpT Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J MFk;. ,jid cupa Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J cupikahsupd;
mDkjpapd;wp gad;gLj;JtJ Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J fsthly; vdg;gLk;. ,J xU Fw;wkhFk;
,jw;fhf cupa fz;Lgpbg;ghsUf;F mtuJ gilg;gpw;fhd Mf;fTuik cj;juTr;rPl;L murhq;fj;jpdhy;
toq;fg;gLk;.
4. Nkhrbfs;: epWtdq;fspd;> egu;fspd; ifnahg;gk; kw;Wk; tpguq;fis gad;gLj;jp fsthf Mtzq;fis
efy; nra;jy;> fldl;il %yk; Nkhrb nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

tpOkpag; gpur;rpidfs;
1. vOj;Jj; jpUl;L (Plagiarism)
xU gilg;ghspapd; fUj;Jf;fs;> fl;Liufs;> NtW Mf;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iw efy; nra;J mtUila
mDkjpapd;wp mjidj; jdJ Mf;fkhf Kd;itj;jy; vOj;Jj; jpUl;L(Plagiarism) vdg;gLk;.
xUtuJ Mf;fq;fis gpd;tUk; topfspy; gad;gLj;jyhk;:
1. vLj;Jf; fhl;ly; (Citing): vOjjhsu;fspd; my;yJ vOj;jhsu;fspd; jfty;fisf; Fwpg;gpLjy;
2. Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;ly; (Quoting): efy; nra;ag;gl;l gFjpiaj; jiyfPo;f; fhw;Gs;spfspy;(.) fhl;ly;.
3. Mjhuf; Fwpg;G (Referencing): jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;l tiyg; gf;fj;ijf; fl;Liuapd; ,Wjpapy; Fwpg;gpLjy;.

2|ILM.Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

ngsjPf kw;Wk; ju;ff

; g; gpur;rpidfSk; mtw;Wf;fhd ghJfhg;gL Vw;ghLfSk;
ngsjPf gpur;rpidfSk; mtw;Wf;fhd ghJfhg;GfSk;
1. jilg;glhj tY toq;fy;(Uninterruped Power Supply - UPS)
vjpu;ghuhky; Vw;gLk; kpd; jilfspdhy; fzdpfSf;Fk; Mtzq;Fk; Vw;gLk; Nrjj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf
kpd; jilg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fspy; njhlu;r;rpahf kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij toq;Ftjw;fhf ,J gad;gLk;.
2. td; jPr;Rtu;(Hardware Firewall):
fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;gpDs; mDkjpaw;w Kiwapy; cl;gpuNtrk; ,lk;ngWtjpidj; jLg;gjw;fhf
fzdpAld; my;yJ tiyaikg;Gld; jPr;Rtu; nghUj;jg;gLk;.
3. fjT %yk; kl;Lg;gLj;jpa gpuNtrk;:
mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;ltu;fis khj;;jpuk; fzdp Ma;T $lj;jpDs; cl;gpuNtrpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhd
mDkjpspj;jy;. ,jw;fhf tpuy; milahsj;jpid> ,yj;jpudpay; mDkjp ml;il Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; cl;gpuNtr mDkjpapid toq;fy;.
4. %ba Rw;wj; njhiyf;fhl;rp(CCTV)
fzpdp Ma;T $lj;ij %ba Rw;Wj; njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp fz;fhdpj;jy;. ,jd; %yk;
ntspegu;fspd; ghjpg;Gf;fspypUe;J fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;igg; ghJfhf;fyhk;.
5. vOr;rpg; ghJfhg;gp(Surge Protector):
Tsikahd epak Nthy;w; mstpid tpl fzdp kw;Wk Vida fzpdp rhu; rhjdq;fSf;F kpd; rhuk;
toq;fg;gLk; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ,r;rhjdk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
6. Rw;whly; fhuzdpfs;:
fzdp Ma;T $Lj;ij <uypg;G kw;Wk; J}rpapy;yhJ ghJfhj;jy;
ju;f;fg; ghJfhg;G(Logical Security)
1. flTr;nrhy; (Password):
fzpdpapy; mDkjpapd;wpa gpuNtrj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> fzdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mtzq;fis
ghJfhf;fTk; flTr;nrhw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
2. nkd; jPr;Rtu;:
fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;gpDs; mDkjpaw;w Kiwapy; cl;gpuNtrk; ,lk;ngWtjpidj; jLg;gjw;fhf
fzdpAld; my;yJ tiyaikg;Gld; jPr;Rtu; nghUj;jg;gLk;.
3. fhg;Gfs;(Backups) :
fzdpj; njhFjpapy; rLjpahf Vw;gLk; nraypog;Gf;fshy; mjpy; cs;s jfty;fs; moptilahJ
ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mj;jfy;fis td;tl;Lfs;> ,Wtl;Lfs;> gspr;rPl;L Njf;fq;fq;fspy; ghJfhj;J
itj;jNy ,JthFk;.

jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fs;(Malicious Software/Malware)

fzpdpapd; toikahd nraw;ghl;bw;F ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jf; $ba/mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gLj;jf; $ba/rthYf;Fl;gLj;jf;
$ba nkd;nghUl;fNs jPankd;nghUl;fs; vdg;gLk;.
jPa nkd;nghUl;fspdhy; fzdpapw;Fk;> fzpdp tiyaikg;gpw;Fk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;s ghjpg;Gf;fis gpd;tUk;
mwpFwpfs; %yk; milahsk; fhzyhk;.
fzdpapd; nraw;jpwd; FiwtilAk;.
fzdpahdJ mbf;fb kPs Muk;gpf;Fk;
fzdp mbf;fb nraypof;Fk;.
rpy nkd;nghUl;fs; ,aq;fhJ Nghfyhk;
rpy Nfhg;Gf;fspd; nfhs;sit mjpkhf my;yJ Fiwthf fhl;lyhk;
Gjpa nkd;nghUl;fis epWt KbahJ Nghfyhk;
tpj;jpahrkhd xypfis vOg;gyhk;
tpj;jpahrkhd Nfhg;Gf;fis my;yJ glq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;jyhk;.
Gjpa Nfhg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fis cUthf;fp td;tl;bd; nraw;jpwd; Fiwjy;
fzdp tiyaikg;G eyptiljy;
jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fshf gpd;tUtdw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
1. fzpdp er;R epuy;(Computer Virus)
2. fzdp Nthk;];(Computer Worms)

3|ILM.Irfan
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Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

xw;wu;nghUs;(spyware)
nwh[d; N`h]; (Trojan Horse)
mdhtrpa tpsk;guq;fs; (Adware)
nghw;];(Bots)
nfhs;isf;fhuu;(Hijacker/Browser Hijacker)
gp\pq;(Phishing)
tpUk;ghj mQ;ry;(Spam)

fzpdp er;R epuy;(Computer Virus)

fzdpapw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld;; ,d;DnkhU nkd;nghUspd; nraw;gLj;jj;jf;f Nfhg;gpDs; (Executable
file) GFe;J fzdpapDs; cl;gpuNtrpj;J jhdhfNt epWtg;gl;L jd;idj; jhNd gpujpnaLf;Fk; xU nkd;nghUs;
,JthFk;.
er;R epuy; fzdpapDs; cs;Eiotjw;fhd topfs;
er;Repuy; ghjpg;Gw;w fzdpapy; gad;gLj;jpa CD> DVD> pen drive Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk;
er;R epuy; ghjpg;Gw;w ,izaj;jsq;fis mZfpdhy;
tiyaikg;gpy; er;R epuy; jhf;fKw;w fzdpfSld; juTg; gupkhw;wj;jpy; <LgLtjd; %yk;.
fzdp GOf;fy;(Computer worms)
,JTk; er;Repuy; Nghd;W jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Mdhy; ,J jdp nkd;nghUshf fzdpapy; epWtg;gLk; mNjNtis
,JTk; jhdhfNt gy;fpg; ngUFk; jd;ik nfhz;lit.
,J kpd;dQ;ry;> Nghypahd tiyj;jsq;fy; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; r%fg; nghwpapay; cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jp
epWtg;gLk;.
Xw;wu;nghUs;:
gadUf;F njupahky; fzdpapy; epWtg;gl;L gadupd; jdpg;gl;l ,ufrpa jfty;fis Nrfupj;J mDg;Gjy;.
fzdpapd; fl;likg;Gf;fis khw;wy;> tpsk;guq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis gadupd;
mDkjpapy;yhky; nra;af; $ba nkd;nghUshFk;.
,J ,ytr/ gFjpasT ,ytr nkd;nghUl;fSld; gadUf;F njupahky; epWtg;gLk;.
,jid epgu;j;jp nra;a Anti spyware epWtg;gLk;
Nuh[d; Nfh];
,JTk; jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba xU nkd;nghUshFk;. Mdhy; ,J jd;id xU nry;Ygbahd/ek;gfkhd
nkd;nghUshff; fhl;b fzdpapy; epWtg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,J jhdhf gpujpgz;ZtNjh/xU fzdpapypUe;J
,d;DnkhU fzdpapw;F guTtNjh ,y;iy.
,J gadUf;F njhe;juT tpiotpf;Fk; tifapy; POP up windows fisj; jpwj;jy;> desktop ,id khw;wy;>
Vida jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUl;fis fzdpapy; epWTjy; Nghd;w nra;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
,J kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; my;yJ

,izaj;jpD}lhf gjptpwf;fg;gLk; Nfhg;Gf;fs; %yKk;; cs;EioAk;.

mdhtrpa tpsk;guq;fs;(Adware)
,J er;R epuy; Nghd;W jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUs; my;y Mdhy; gadUf;F njhe;juT juj;jf;f tifapy;
mbf;fb tu;j;jf tpsk;guq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk;
,jid epgu;j;jp nra;a pop blocker/ anti adware gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
nghw;];
Vida tiyaikg;Gf;fSld; njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis Rakhfj; njhopw;ghl;Lj; jPq;F gaf;Fk;
nkd;nghUshFk;. ,J rLjpr; nra;jpfs; kw;Wk; ,izaf; fye;Jiuahypd; %yk; gupkhwg;gLk; gpuj;jpNafj;
jfty;fisr; gadUf;Fj; njupahky; Nrfupf;Fk;.
,jd; ngauhdJ Robots ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;l bots MFk;.
nfhs;isf;fhuu;.
xU fzdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;gl;bUf;Fk; juT kw;Wk; jfty;fis mf;fzdp epu;thfpapd; mDkjpapy;yhky; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;gtu;fisNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

4|ILM.Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

gp\pq;
gaeiu Vkw;wp gaduplkpUe;J mtuJ jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; ,ufrpaj; jfty;fis kpd;dQ;ry; kw;Wk;
,izaj;jpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhFk;.
,jw;fhf gadUf;F ek;gfkhf epWtj;jplkpUe;J tUtJ Nghd;w kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gg;;gl;L mtuplkpUe;J tq;fpf;
fzf;F tpguk; my;yJ kpd; fzf;F tpguq;fs; ngwg;gl;L mjd; %yk; gadupd; jfty;fs; kw;Wk; gzk;
jpUlg;glyhk;.
tpUk;ghj kpd;dQ;ry;fs;
Njitaw;w Kiwapy; njhlu;;r;rpahf mDg;gg;gLk; kpd;dQ;ry;fNs(Spam) MFk;.
,k;kpd;dQ;ry;fs; tu;j;jf tpsk;gukhf> Nkhrbahd kpd;dQ;ry;fshf> jdpg;gl;l tpguq;fis Nfhuf;$ba
kpd;dQ;ry;fshf ,Uf;fyhk;.
jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fspypUe;J fzpdpiaAk; fzpdp tiyaikg;igAk; ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfs;
1. er;R epuy; ghJfhg;G nkd;nghUid epWTjy; kw;Wk; mjid mbf;fb ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;.
cjhuzk;: Avira Antivirus, Avast, AVG, Norton, Kaspersky, MS Security Essential, McAfee, Bit Defender, K7
Nghd;wit rpythFk;.
2. ntspj;Njf;fq;fis er;R epuy; ghJfhg;G nkd;nghUs; %yk; Nrhjpj;j gpd; gad;gLj;jy;.
3. vg;NghJk; rl;luPjpahd nkd;nghUl;fis fzpdpap;y; epWTjy;.
4. rhjhuz gad;ghl;bw;F fzdp eputfpf;Fk; fzf;fpw;Fg; gjpyhf rhjhuz fzf;ifg; gad;gLj;jy;
5. ghJfhg;ghd kw;Wk; ek;gfkhf ,izaj;jsq;fspy; ,Ue;J khj;jpuNk nkd;nghUl;fis my;yJ Mtzq;fis
gjptpwf;fk; nra;jy;.
6. gjptpwf;fg;gl;l nkd;nghUs;/ Mtzq;fis er;R epuy; nkd;nghUspdhy; guPl;rpj;jy;
7. re;Njfpj;jpl;fplkhd ,izg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kpd;dQ;ry;fis jpwf;f Ntz;lhk;.
8. jPr;Rtu; kw;Wk; kpd;dQ;ry; tbfl;bfis gad;gLj;jy;.
,yq;if jfty; ghJfhg;G epWtfq;fs; (Institution for Information Security of Sri Lanka).
1. jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay; Kftu; epiyak;(Information and Communication Technology Agency)
2. ,yq;if fzpdp mtruf; jahu;epiyf; FO (Sri Lanka Computer Emergency Readiness Team - CERT)
3. jfty; ghJfhg;G Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik epWtdk; (Information Security Management System - ISMS)
ICT apdhy; Vw;gLk; cly;NfLfs;
1. jir td;$l;Lg; gpur;rpid
2. kPs;tUk; jifg;Gf; fhak;(Repetitive Stress Injury-RSI)
3. kzpf;fl;L Ruq;fr; rfrk;(Carpel Tunnel Syndrome - CTS)
4. fzpdpg; ghu;itr; rfrk;(Computer Vision Syndrome - CVS):
njhlu;r;rpahf 6 my;yJ 7 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; fzpdpapy; njhlu;e;J gzpahw;Wtjpdhy; fz;zpy; Vw;glf; $ba
cWj;jy; fzpdpg; ghu;itr; rfrk; vdg;gLk;.
5. jiytyp(Headache)
6. jifg;G(Stress)