V10 - Reference Manual - Part 2 - Other Applications - E PDF

LVPWs LVPWd
100 (%)
LVPWd
0.725
0.425
ESV : End Systolic Volume
EDV : End Diastolic Volume
IVSs: Interventricular Septal Thickness Systole
IVSd: Interventricular Septal Thickness Diastole
LVPWs: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Systole
LVPWd: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Diastole
LVIDs: Left Ventricle Internal Dimension Systole
LVIDd: Left Ventricle Internal Dimension Diastole
LVs: Left Ventricle Systole
LVd: Left Ventricle Diastole
LV. Ventricle (2D)
Measurement : Hemodynamic Principles, 1980. Chapter8, page 90.
Reference: Grossman,W.Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. Blood Flow
0.007184 (cm )
where, H : centimeters, W : kilograms
BSA = H
Screen.
IVSd
LVPWd
IVSs
LVPWs
EDV =
7.0
LVIDd 3
2.4 + LVIDd
EDV = LVIDd 3
129
EDV = 0.52 (0.98 LVIDd + 5.90) LVIDd2

R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
Reference: Basic Echocardiography Iowa Heart Center,
Gibson :
Echocardiography. Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971
Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S.,
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed :
Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.
correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. American Journal of
echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz :
LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic)
IVSs / LVPWs =
Systole)
IVSs/LVPWs (Interventricular Septum to Posterior Wall Thickness Ratio
IVSd / LVPWd =
BSA (Body Surface Area)
BSA can be calculated by entering patients weight and height in New Patient Input
Diastole)
IVSd/LVPWd (Interventricular Septum to Posterior Wall Thickness Ratio
LVPW % =
Cardiology 2D
Cardiology Reference
LVPW% (LVPW% Thickening)
ACCUVIX V10 Reference manual
Reference for Measurement
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs 3
2.4 + LVIDs
ESV = LVIDs 3
( SV HR)
CO =
1000
Cardiac Output (CO)
SI = SV / BSA
Stroke Volume Index (SI)
SV = ( EDV ESV ) ( ml )
Stroke Volume (SV)
R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
ESV = 0.52 (1.14 LVIDs + 4.18) LVIDs 2
Gibson :
Echocardiography. Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.
Cubed :
Teichholz :
LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic)
130
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
( LVIDd LVIDs)
100 (%)
LVIDd
discs of equal height, apportioned over the left ventricular length
chamber view) results from summation of areas from diameters of 20 cylinders or
two scan planes. The calculation of volume for both methods (2-chamber or the 4-
MOD is used for calculation left ventricular volume from measurements taken in
LV Vol. (MOD, Method Of Disk)
LV Mass Index = LV Mass / BSA
LV Mass Index
LVmass = 1.04 [(LVIDd + LVPWd + LVSd)3 LVIDd3 ] 0.8 + 0.6 ( g )
LV Mass
FS =
Fraction Shortening (FS)
Brown and Company, 1994; 43
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual Boston: Little,
EF =
Ejection Fraction (EF)
CI = CO / BSA
Cardiac Index (CI)
LVLd: Left Ventricle Apical Length Systolic
LVAs: Left Ventricle Short-axis Area Systolic
LVLd: Left Ventricle Apical Length Diastolic
LVAd: Left Ventricle Short-axis Area Diastolic
LV Vol. (Bullet)
LV Volume: Single Plane Area Length
LV Vol. (A/L)
5
LVAd LVLd
6
LVLd LVLs
100 (%)
LVLd
LVAd LVAs
100 (%)
LVAd
Endo. Area (cm)
L2 : LVLd apical
LVmass Index = LV Mass / BSA ( g / m2 )
LV Mass Index
Epi. Area
Myocardial Thickness (MyoThick)
MyoThick =
(cm)
A2 : LVAd sax Endo (cm )

L1 : LVLd apical + Myo Thick (cm)
A1 : LVAd sax Epi (cm )
where,
5
5
LVMass = 1.05 A1 L1 A2 L 2 ( g )
6
6
LV Mass
% FAC =
%FAC (Fraction Area Change)
% FS =
%FS (Fraction Short)
5
ESV = LVAs LVLs
6
Vol. s (Systolic Volume)
EDV =
Vol. d (Diastolic Volume)
131
LA Major LA Minor
Vol. =
(ml)
4
LA Major LA Minor LA Diam (ml)
3
2
2
2
LA Volume
Vol. =
LA Area
LA Vol. (Left Atrium Volume)
132
4
Diam1 Diam2 Diam3 (ml)
3
2
2
2
IVCdiamExp IVCdiamInsp
100 (%)
IVCdiamInsp
RVOTarea =
SVCdiamExp SVCdiamInsp
100 (%)
SVCdiamInsp
RVOTdiam 2 (cm2)
4
LVOTdiam 2 (cm2)
RVOT Area
LVOTarea =
LVOT Area
SVCIns / Exp =
SVC(Superior Vena Cava) % Change
IVCIns / Exp =
IVC(Inferior Vena Cava) % Change
Volume Index = Volume / BSA
RA Volume Index
Vol. =
RA Volume
RA Vol. (Right Atrium Volume)
Volume Index = Volume / BSA
LA Volume Index
TVarea =
TVdiam2 (cm2)
Tricuspid Valve (TV) Area
MVarea =
MVdiam1 MVdiam2
Mitral Valve (MV) Area

(cm )
Reference: Harvey Feigenbaum, Echocardiography, 1995 fifth edition
Reference: Harvey Feigenbaum, Echocardiography, 1995 fifth edition
Left Ventricle
Cardiology M mode
133
ESV: End Systolic Volume
EDV: End Diastolic Volume
IVSs: Interventricular Septal Thickness Systole
IVSd : Interventricular Septal Thickness Diastole
LVPWs: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Systole
LVPWd : Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Diastole
LVDs : Left Ventricle Dimension Systole
LVDd : Left Ventricle Dimension Diastole
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs 3
2.4 + LVIDs
ESV = LVIDs 3
EDV = LVIDd
R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
Gibson EDV = 0.52 (0.98 LVIDd + 5.90) LVIDd 2
Cubed
CO =
( SV HR)
1000
Cardiac Output (CO)
SI = SV / BSA (ml / m2 )
Stroke Volume Index(SI)
SV = (EDV ESV ) (ml )
Stroke Volume (SV)
R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
Gibson ESV = 0.52 (1.14 LVIDs + 4.18) LVIDs2
Cubed
Teichholz

7 .0
Teichholz
EDV =
LVIDd 3
2.4 + LVIDd
134
( LVIDd LVIDs)
100 (%)
LVIDd
RV PEP
RV PEP / ET =
RV ET
RV PEP/ET (RV Pre-Ejection Period / Ejection Time)
Right Ventricle
LV Mass Index = LV Mass / BSA
LV Mass Index
company, 1994, p.43.
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and
LVmass = 1.04 [( LVIDd + LVPWDd + IVSd ) LVIDd ] 0.8 + 0.6 ( g )
LV Mass
FS =
Fraction Shortening (FS)
interventricular septum at the same point in time
Distance between the Mitral Valve E point and posterior edge of the
EPSS ( Mitral Valve E Point Septal Separation ) ( unit : cm)
The rate of change that exists between two point(E, F)
Mitral Valve E-F Slope (unit : cm/sec)
between two point(D, E)
Automatically calculated from the D-E excursion the rate of change that exists
Mitral Valve D-E Slope (unit : cm/sec)
maximum opening of the anterior Mitral valve leaflet at E
Distance between the onset of the opening of the Mitral valve at D and the
Mitral Valve D-E Excursion (unit : cm)
The distance between the A point and the C point
A-C interval (unit : msec)
: complete closure occurs after the onset of ventricular systole
A : In atrial systole, blood is propelled through the Mitral orifice and the Mitral
leaflets reopen the peak of this phase of Mitral valve motion is indicated as A
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
: the arterial leaflet of the Mitral valve open, it peaks at E
: end of systolic, immediately before the opening of the Mitral Valve
F : lowest point of the initial diastolic closing
Definition for the Mitral Valve
MV (Mitral Valve)
135
EF =
CI = CO / BSA
Cardiac Index (CI)
wave of the delectrocardiogram.
leading edge of the posterior left atrial wall echo at the level of aortic wall at the R
The distance between the trailing edge of the posterior aortic wall echo and the
Left Atrial Diameter (unit:cm) : LA Diam
leading echo of the posterior aortic valve leaflet in early diastole
The distance between the trailing echo of the anterior aortic valve leaflet and the
Aortic Valve Cusp Separation (unit:cm) : Ao Cusp Sep
echo of the posterior aortic wall at R wave of the electrocardiogram
The distance between the leading echo of the anterior aortic wall and the leading
Aortic Root Diameter (unit:cm) : Ao Root
<Figure - Mitral Valve M mode Waveform>
Ao/LA
136
LV PEP
LV ET
Area = n / 4 ( Diam) 2
Area
Area
LV PEP / ET =
or n / 4 Diam1 Diam 2
LV PEP/ET (LV Pre-Ejection Period / Ejection Time)
LA / Ao = LA Diam / Ao Root
LA/Ao
(cm )
<Figure - Regurgitant Flow-PISA Radius>
PISA-Radius = Radial distance of the isovelocity shell from the orifice in cm
PISA Area = 2 PISA Radius2
PISA-Area
Regurgitant Flow-PISA Radius)
PISA-Radios is the radial distance of the isovelocity shell from the orifice (Figure -
1994, p.125.
orifice on the Color display
PISA-Alias Vel. = Color flow velocity at radius r in cm/sec measured at the mitral
Where: PISA-Area = Proximal isovelocity surface area in cm .
PISA Rate = PISA Area PISA AliasVel.
Rate is calculated in milliliters/sec.
Brown and Company, 1994, p. 106
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little,
Regurgitant Volume Flow Rate (Rate)
<Figure Regurgitant Flow-PISA Alias Velocity>
display (Figure Regurgitant Flow-PISA Alias Velocity)
Brown and Company, 1994, p.106.
Science, 1994, p.125.
PISA-Alias Velocity is the peak velocity of the regurgitant jet on the Doppler
Schmailzl, K., Omerod, O., Editors. Ultrasound in Cardiology. Blackwell Science,
137
Reference: Schmailzl. K., Omerod, O., Editors. Ultrasound in Cardiology. Blackwell
PISA-Alias Velocity
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little,
PISA(Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area)-Radius
AV Regurg (AR), MV Regurg (MR), TV Regurg (TR)
Cardiology C mode
Regurgitant Fraction = Regurgitant Volume / SV 100 (%)
Regurgitant Fraction
VTI = Velocity integral of the Regurgitant flow measured on the Doppler display
PISA-ERO = Effective Regurgitant area in cm .
PISA-Vol. = Regurgitant volume in milliliters
Where:
PISA Vol. = ERO VTI (ml )
Brown and Company, 1994, pp. 108-109
Regurgitant Volume (Vol.)

Velocity (m/sec)
(mmHg)
Where, Vmax: Max Velocity,
Acc = V max / AccT
Acceleration (Acc)
AccT: Acceleration Time
form the peak velocity to the baseline.
to half to half of its peak value. DT is deceleration time in centimeters per second
Pressure half-time (PHT) is the time it takes for the peak pressure gradient to fall
Brown and Company, 1994, p.59-60
PHT (Pressure Half Time)
where, Vmax :Max
PG max = 4 V max 2
Max Pressure Gradient
HR = # Beat 60 / time (bpm : bit / min ute)
display.
PISA Rate (cm2)

PISA ERO =
V max
HR(Heart Rate)
LVOT, RVOT, Aortic Valve, Mitral Valve, Tricuspid Valve,

Pulmonic Valve
Cardiology Doppler
Vmax is the peak velocity of the mitral regurgitant jet measured on the Doppler
Brown and Company, 1994, pp. 108-109
Effective Regurgitant Orifice(ERO)
138
AT
DT
AccT
EjectT
Diam 2
)
2
where,
sec
DecT: Deceleration Time
Area: LVOT area, RVOT area, or TV area
SV = VTI Area (ml )
SV (Stroke Volume)
where, Diam: diameter
Area = (
CSA(Cross Sectional Area)
AccT / ET =
AccT/ET
Where, Vmax: Max Velocity,
Dec = V max / Dec T
Deceleration (Dec)
cm/s
( SV HR)
1000
139
MVA(Mitral Valve Area) by PHT
MPI = (TST ET ) / ET
MPI (Myocardial Performance Index (Tei Index))
TST = IVRT + IVCT + Eject T
TST (Total Systolic Time)
EjectT: Ejection Time
Where, IVRT: Isovolumic Relaxation Time, IVCT: Isovolumic Contraction Time,
Tei Index = ( IVRT + IVCT ) / Eject T
Tei Index
CO =
CO (Cardiac Output)
PHT is Pressure Half Time (milliseconds)
(cm 2 )
32000
(m sec)
dp / dtTime
SV 1 = SV 2
Where, SV1: stroke volume in the nonstenotic area, SV2: stroke
Velocity measured at diastole.
Diastolic Velocity(Dias Vel.)
Brown and Company, 1994, p.48
Pulmonic Veins, Hepatic Veins
Area = n ( Diam1 / 2) 2 (V max1 / V max 2 )
Area by Vmax
Area = n ( Diam1 / 2) (VTI1 / VTI 2 )
Area by VTI
volume in the stenotic area
Pulm.SV Pulm.HR (l/ml)

1000
Vcf = (( LVIDd LVIDs ) / LVIDd ) (1 / LVET )
Velocity Circumferential Fiber Shortening (Circ / Sec)
CO =
Qp : Qs = Pulm. CO / Sys. CO
Qp : Qs
SVp : SVs = Pulm. SV / Sys. SV

SV = VTI CSA (ml )
SVp : SVs
QP : QS = Pulmonic CO / Sysemic CO
Plum Vein-MV A Dur.= Plume Vein Dur.- MV A Dur.
Plum Vein-MV A Duration
Ratio of the velocity measured at systole and the velocity measured at diastole.
the Stenosis portion equals that at nonstenotic portions. This equation is valid not
only in a constant flow, but also in a pulsality flow channel.
Sys/Dia (Systole/Diastole)
component of pulmonary venous flow and the closure of the mitral valve.
Pulmonary atrial flow reversal duration is the time between the diastolic
Pulmonary Vein A-Wave Duration (A. Rev Dur)
Atrial reversal velocity is the peak velocity of the atrial reversal component
Artrial Reversal Velocity(A. Rev. Vel)
Velocity measured at systole.
Systolic Velocity (Sys Vel.)
When there is a constant flow in a flow channel with a Stenosis, the flow volume at
CONT(Continuity Equation)
dp / dt =
dp/dt
p47, chapter6, CRC press, 1991
Reference: John H. Phillipse, Practical Quantitative Doppler Echocardiography,
Where ;
PHT
MVA = 220
140
Propagation Velocity (Vp)
141
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
D/S (ratio of Diastolic to Systolic Velocity)
Takayasus Arteritis, J Clin Ultrasound, September 1990; 18:592-6
Reference: Ameriso S, et al., Pulseless Transcranial Doppler Finding in
S/D =
S/D (ratio of Systolic to Diastolic Velocity)
Analysis, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, Nov./Dec. 1987, Vol.15, No.9,p.585
Reference: Burns, Peter N., The Physical principles of Doppler Spectral
PI =
Pulsatility Index
RI =
Resistivity Index
Carotid, UE Artery, LE Artery, LE Vein
Vascular Reference
(mmHg)
(mmHg)
Stenosis Area
100 (%)
BloodVessel Area
StenosisDist
100 (%)
BloodVesselDist
VolumeFlow =
d2
TAMV 60 (ml / min)
Volume Flow (Dist.)
VolumeFlow = Area TAMV 60 ( ml min)
Volume Flow (Area)
Doppler Ultrasound, Raven Press, N.Y., pages 130-136.
Reference: Taylor K. J. W., Burns P. N., Breslau P., Clinical Applications of
% STD =
%STD
Stenosis, Accuracy, and Pitfalls, Radiology 154: 385~391, 1985.
Reference: Jacob, Normaan M et, al., Duplex Carotid Sonography : Crieteria for
% STA =
%STA
where, V : the maximum instantaneous velocity(m/sec)
ed PG max = 4 V 2 0.001
End-Diastolic Pressure Gradient
V : the maximum instantaneous velocity(m/sec)
PG max = 4 V 2
where, PGmax :Max Pressure gradient
Pressure Gradient
142
Vsystolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
S/D =
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, Nov./Dec. 1987, Vol.15, No.9, p.585
Reference: Burns, Peter N., The Physical principles of Doppler Spectral Analysis,
PI =
Pulsatility Index
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, Nov./Dec. 1987, Vol.15, No.9, p.586
Reference: Burns, Peter N., The Physical principles of Doppler Spectral Analysis,
RI =
Resistivity Index
Urology Reference
PGmax :Max Pressure gradient
d2
TAMV 60 (ml / min)
4
1 stDia 2 ndDia 3 rdDia

( ml )
3
2
2
2
4
MainDia BesideDia 2
3
2
2
Vol. =
i =1
a
4
2
i
L
, where n = 20
n
Prostate Vloume (Sum of 20 Disks)
Vol. =
Prostate Vloume (Ellipsoid)
Vol. = 1stDia 2ndDia 3rdDia Factor
Prostate Vloume (3 Distances x Factor)
Vol . =
Prostate Vloume (3 Distances)
VolumeFlow =
Volume Flow (Dist.)
VolumeFlow = Area TAMV 60 ( ml / min)
Volume Flow (Area)
V: the maximum instantaneous velocity (m/sec)
where,
PG max = 4 V ( mmHg )
Pressure Gradient
res
143
StenosisDist
100 (%)
BloodVesselDist
Reference: Taylor K. J. W., Burns P. N., Breslau P., Clinical Applications of Doppler
% STD =
%STD
Stenosis, Accuracy, and Pitfalls, Radiology 154: 385~391, 1985.
Reference: Jacob, Normaan M et, al., Duplex Carotid Sonography : Criteria for
% STA =
Stenosis Area
100 (%)
BloodVessel Area
= V pre V post
%STA
Residual Volume
PSAD = PSA / Pr ostate Volume
Prostate Spec. Antigen
EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume
EDV = LVIDd 3
Cubed
Teichholz
7.0
EDV =
LVIDd 3
2.4 + LVIDd
EDV : End Diastolic Volume, ESV : End Systolic Volume
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
where,
EF =
( SV HR)
CO =
1000
Cardiac Output (CO)
where,
SV = (EDV ESV ) (ml )
Stroke Volume (SV)
Fetal Echo Reference
144
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs3
2.4 + LVIDs
EDV = LVIDs 3
1.04 [( LVIDd + LVPWd + IVSd ) 3 LVIDd 3 ] 0.8 + 0.6
company, 1994, p.43.
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and
LVmass(grams) =
LV Mass
R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
Gibson EDV = 0.52 (1.14 LVIDs + 4.18) LVIDs 2
Cubed
Teichholz
R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30
Gibson EDV = 0.52 (0.98 LVIDd + 5.90) LVIDd 2
Vsystolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
S/D =
PI =
Pulsatility Index
RI =
Resistivity Index
Fetus by Inferior Vena Caval Blood Flow Pattern Fetal Diagn Ther 1990; 5; 168-174
Reference: Toru Kanzaki, Yoshihide Chiba, Evaluation of the Preload Condition of the
Harvey Feigenbaum, Echocardiography, 1995 fifth edition
Artrial Reversal Flow / Systolic Flow
LVIDd LVIDs
FS =
100 (%)
LVIDd
Preload Index
145
A percent change in LV cavity dimension with systolic contraction
Fractional Shortening of Left Ventricle Internal diameter

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LVPWs LVPWd

ESV : End Systolic Volume

EDV : End Diastolic Volume

IVSs: Interventricular Septal Thickness Systole

IVSd: Interventricular Septal Thickness Diastole

LVPWs: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Systole

LVPWd: Left Ventricle Posterior Wall Dimension Diastole

LVIDs: Left Ventricle Internal Dimension Systole

LVIDd: Left Ventricle Internal Dimension Diastole

LVs: Left Ventricle Systole

LVd: Left Ventricle Diastole

LV. Ventricle (2D)

Measurement : Hemodynamic Principles, 1980. Chapter8, page 90.

Reference: Grossman,W.Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography. Blood Flow

where, H : centimeters, W : kilograms

EDV = 0.52 (0.98 LVIDd + 5.90) LVIDd2

Reference: Basic Echocardiography Iowa Heart Center,

Echocardiography. Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971

Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S.,

Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. American Journal of

echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic

LV Vol. d (LV Volume Diastolic)

IVSs/LVPWs (Interventricular Septum to Posterior Wall Thickness Ratio

BSA (Body Surface Area)

IVSd/LVPWd (Interventricular Septum to Posterior Wall Thickness Ratio

LVPW% (LVPW% Thickening)

ACCUVIX V10 Reference manual

Reference for Measurement

Cardiac Output (CO)

Stroke Volume Index (SI)

Stroke Volume (SV)

R.V.T. Jan, 1997 p. 30

Mark J. Harry R.D.C.S.,

ESV = 0.52 (1.14 LVIDs + 4.18) LVIDs 2

Reference: Basic Echocardiography Iowa Heart Center,

Echocardiography. Circulation, Vol. XLIII, 482, April, 1971.

Cardiology, 1976, 37:7.

correlations in the presence or absence of asynergy. American Journal of

echocardiographic volume determinations: echocardiographic-angiographic

LV Vol. s (LV Volume Systolic)

discs of equal height, apportioned over the left ventricular length

chamber view) results from summation of areas from diameters of 20 cylinders or

LV Vol. (MOD, Method Of Disk)

LV Mass Index = LV Mass / BSA

LVmass = 1.04 [(LVIDd + LVPWd + LVSd)3 LVIDd3 ] 0.8 + 0.6 ( g )

Fraction Shortening (FS)

Brown and Company, 1994; 43

Ejection Fraction (EF)

Cardiac Index (CI)

LVLd: Left Ventricle Apical Length Systolic

LVAs: Left Ventricle Short-axis Area Systolic

LVLd: Left Ventricle Apical Length Diastolic

LVAd: Left Ventricle Short-axis Area Diastolic

LV Volume: Single Plane Area Length

Endo. Area (cm)

LVmass Index = LV Mass / BSA ( g / m2 )

Myocardial Thickness (MyoThick)

A2 : LVAd sax Endo (cm )

A1 : LVAd sax Epi (cm )

%FAC (Fraction Area Change)

%FS (Fraction Short)

Vol. s (Systolic Volume)