DIGITAL

ELECTRONICS

Introduction

DIGITAL DESIGN
Combinational Logic

i/p

Digital Circuit

o/p

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DIGITAL DESIGN
Sequential Logic
i/p

Digital Circuit

Previo
us O/p

o/p

Storag
e

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DIGITAL DESIGN
Combinational Logic
o/p levels at any instant of time depends only on
the i/p levels at that instant
Sequential Logic
o/p levels depends only the i/p & previous o/p
Intro of memory element Time has been
introduced

logic
operations
performed
sequentially- info stored in memory location and
released at particular pt of time
Synchronous
Asynchronous
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DIGITAL DESIGN
CPU & Memory
Data Path
Design
Components
that Perform
arithmetic ops
& store data

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DIGITAL DESIGN
Digital

Logic Families
TTL, CMOS .

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DIGITAL DESIGN
Design Using..
SSI
MSI
LSI

U
L
S
I
VLSI
LSI
MSI
SSI

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THE DESIGN
PROCESS
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Required
Product
Initial Design
Simulation
Corre
ct ?

NO

Redesign

YES
Prototype
Implementation
Make Corrections

Testing
Meet
s
Specs
YES ?

NO

NO

YES
Minor
Error
?

Finished
Product
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DISCRETE
ELEMENTS

Binary - 0 or 1

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DIGITAL SYSTEMS
0.75t
1

0001 0001

Analog

Discrete

Digital

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DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Advantages

Disadvantages

Easy to Design
Storage Easy
Real world is still analog
Programmability
Less prone to noise

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GATES

Basic &
Derived
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BINARY LOGIC
FUNCTIONS
AND
X . Y
Both 1

1
1
0
1
0

Truth Table
X

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BINARY LOGIC
FUNCTIONS
OR
X + Y
0
Either or Both
1
0

1
0

Truth Table
X

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BINARY LOGIC
FUNCTIONS
Invert
X
X
literal

1
0

0
1

Truth Table
X

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BINARY LOGIC
FUNCTIONS
XOR
X Y
Either
X Y
XY+XY

1
0
1
1
0

Truth Table
X

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N-VARIABLE
AND
S = W.X.Y.Z
OR
S = W+X+Y+Z
XOR
S = X Y Z

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DERIVED
NAND
S = (X . Y)

S = (X.Y)

NOR
S = (X+Y)

S = (X+Y)

XNOR
S = (XY)

S = (X Y)

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PROBLEM 1
A 4-bit digital counter has the count of number of
people in a room. If the number of people in the room
goes beyond nine then an auxiliary AC vent should
be opened. The auxiliary AC vent turns on using a relay
to which you have to give a logic 1 for open and zero
for close.
1

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UNIVERSAL GATES

UNIVERSAL GATES
Inverter
X

NAND

AND

NOR

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UNIVERSAL GATES
X

OR
N1

N3
Y

N2

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WHAT DOES THIS

CIRCUIT IMPLEMENT ?
1
0

1
0

1
0

1
0

1
0

0
1

XOR
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