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Reynolds Apparatus
INSTRUCTOR:
Group#7
Contents
Executive Summary:....................................................................................................... 1
Objective:..................................................................................................................... 1
Theory:........................................................................................................................ 1
Procedure..................................................................................................................... 2
Data............................................................................................................................. 3
Observation Table:......................................................................................................... 3
Calculations:................................................................................................................. 4
1
Executive Summary:
We calculated the coefficient of discharge of orifice meter. We noted the volumetric flow rate
and pressure difference to calculate the coefficient of discharge. We observed the coefficient
value lies between 0 and 1 and never exceed 1
Objective:
To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter
Theory:
An orifice meter is a device used for measuring flow rate. It uses the same principle as
a venturimeter, Bernoulli's principle, which states that there is a relationship between the
pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the fluid. When the velocity increases, the pressure
decrease.
A sharp edged orifice consists of an accurately machined and drilled plate mounted between two
flanges with a hole concentric with the pipe in which it is mounted pressure taps are installed and
are connected to manometer. The position of pressure taps are arbitrary and coefficient of meter
depends on it. The reduction of cross section of the flowing stream in passing through the orifice
increases the velocity and decreases the pressure, the reduction in pressure is measured by
manometer. Bernoullis equation correlates the increase in velocity and decrease in pressure.
V = Co
2( p1 p 2)
(1 4 )
Procedure
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
Close the valve-4 a little again. Be careful while closing the valve, otherwise the mercury
will shoot out in the water tank.
Repeat the same steps as before.
Continue performing the experiment until the valve-4 is partially open.
For the fully closed position, open the valve-3 a bit, so that water has a way to pass.
Find out the value of the volume occupied.
Data
Diameter of pipe: D = 0.028m
Diameter of orifice: d = 0.014m
Density of Hg: 13600 kg/m3
Density of Fluid: 1000 kg/m3
Viscosity of fluids: 1cP
Area of Tank = .390m.20m= .079m2
Height of tank = .38m
Observation Table:
Experimental Volume of Tank = (800+780+790)/3 = 790 mL/cm
Theoretical Volume of Tank = L= 39 cm; W= 20cm; H= 1cm = 780 cm3
= do/dp = 0.5
S.No
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
H 2H 1
Left
Mercury
Reading
(cm) H1
Right
mercury
Reading
(cm) H2
(cm)
11.1
11.5
11.5
22.3
22.7
22.7
11.2
11.2
11.2
12.4
12.5
12.4
21.6
21.4
21.6
9.2
8.9
9.2
13.3
13.4
13.3
20.8
20.7
20.8
7.5
7.3
7.5
15.6
15.6
15.6
18
18
18
2.4
2.4
2.4
Mean H
(cm)
Initial
height
(cm)
Final
height
(cm)
Area of pipe (
V=
S.No
1
2
3
4
a0
a1
2
1
Volume
flow rate(
3
cm / s )
11.2
3
3
3
21
21.5
20.9
18
18.5
17.9
18.13
477.4
9.1
3
3
3
19.5
19.3
19.2
16.5
16.3
16.2
16.33
430
7.43
3
3
3
16.2
16.8
16.5
113.2
13.8
13.5
13.5
355.5
2.4
3
3
3
11.4
12
11.6
8.4
9
8.6
8.66
228
) = D2/4 = 0.000154 m
2
) = D2/4 = 0.000616 m
C 0 a0 a1 2 gh
Mean
height
h (cm)
(hV)/t=
h790/30
Calculations:
Area of orifice (
Difference
in height
(cm)
a 02
3
V( m /s )
.0004774
.0004300
.0003555
.0002280
Co
.2079
.2078
.1901
.2145
References
Unit operation of chemical engineering Mc Cabe , Smith