Con, 3271~11. - RK-1185 (3 Hours) [Total Marks : 100 N.B. Question No 1 is compulsory. Answer any four out of remaining six questions. Assumptions made should be clearly stated . Assume suitable data wherever required, but justify the same. Use of Steam Table,Gas Tabie and Mollier Chart permitted. eee ee 1.@) Prove that internal energy is a property of the system, (5) (6) Explain how heat pump is more efficient for heating application than electrical (8) heating. Or Determine the maximum work obtainable from a Heat Engine exchanging heat with two finite bodies of equal heat capacities at temperatures T, and T2 (T ; > T) (c) Explain with examples the limitations of First Law of Therrmodynamics. 6) Or Discuss the differences between Carnot and Rankine Cycle (d) What is cut off ratio. Discuss its effect on the thermal efficiency of Diesel Engine. (5) Or Derive an expression for decrease in availability due to heat transfer with finite temperature difference. 2.(a) State and explain the equivalence of Kelvin Planck and Clausius statements of (6) Second Law of Thermodynames. (b) Define C.O.P of Heat Pump and Refrigerator and derive the relationship between (4) the two. (c) A turbocompressor delivers 2.33 m° /s of air at 0.276 MPa, 43° C which is (10) heated at this pressure to 430 ° C and finally expanded in a turbine which delivers 860 kW.During expansion there is a heat transfer of 0,09 MJ/s to the surroundings. Calculate the turbine exhaust temperature if changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligible. 3.(a) A heat engine operating between two reservoirs at 1000 K and 300 K is usedto (10) drive a heat pump which extracts heat from the reservoir at 300 K at a rate twice that at which the engine rejects heat to it. If the efficiency of the engine is 40% of the maximum possible and the COP of the heat pump is 50% of the maximum possible what is the temperature of the reservoir to which the heat pump rejects heat? What is the rate of heat rejection from the heat pump if-the rate of heat supply to the engine is 50 kW. (b) Derive expression for work done in a reversible polytropic process executed by (4) aclosed system. (c) Explain in brief Joule Thompson Porous Plug Experiment. Draw an inversion curve (6) and explain the significance of Joule Thompson Coefficient. 4.(a) State the principle of increase of entropy of the universe and discuss any one (4) application. (b) 0.5 kg of air initially at 25 ° C is heated reversibly at constant pressure till the (8) volume is doubled and is then heated reversibly at constant volume till the pressure is doubled. For the total path find the change in entropy. (c) Inanair standard cycle pressure at the beginning of compression is | bar, while (8) temperature is 310 K. Compression ratio is 10:1. Heat added is 2800 kJ/kg of charge. The maximum pressure limit is 70 bar. If heat is added partially at constant volume and partially at constant pressure find (i) Air standard efficiency ii) Mean effective pressure.ee 4 Con. 3271-RK-1185-11. 2 5.(a) Two kg of air at $00 kPa , 80° C expands adiabatically in a closed system until its (10) volume is doubled and i its temperature becomes equal to that of the surroundings which is at 100 kPa ,5°C . For this process determine (i) the maximum work (ii) the available energy (iii) the irreversibility. (b) A cyclic steam power plant is to be designed for steam temperature at inlet of (10) 360° C and an exhaust pressure of 0.08 bar . After isentropic expansion of steam in the turbine, the moisture content at the turbine exhaust is not to exceed 15%. Determine the greatest allowable steam pressure at the turbine inlet and calculate the Rankine cycle efficiency for these steam conditions. Estimate also the mean temperature of heat addition. 6.(a) Define Dryness fraction, Critical Point, Triple Point and Degree of Superheat (4) (b) Water at 40 ° C is continuously sprayed into a pipeline carrying 5 tons of steam (6) per hour at 5 bar, 300 °C .At a section downstream where the pressure is 3 bar, the quality is to be 95 %. Find the rate of water spray in kg/hr. (c) A gas initially at 14.4 bar and 360°C is expanded isothermally to a (10) pressure of 2.24 bar.It is then cooled at constant volume till the pressure falls to 1.02 bar.Finally an adiabatic compression brings the gas back to the initial state. The mass of the gas is 0.23 kg and C,= | KJ/kg K. Draw the p-v diagram and determine: i) The value of the adiabatic index of compression. ii)The change in internal energy of the gas during the adiabatic process. 7. (a) Derive with usual notations the relation for one dimensional isentropic flow (8) of gas, dA/A = dV/V* (1-M?). Explain the significance of the above relationship. (b) A conical air diffuser has an intake area of 0.11 m? and an exit area of 0.44 m, (8) Air enters the diffuser with a static pressure of 0.18 MPa, static temperature of 37° C and velocity of 267 m/s. Calculate (i) The mass flow rate of air through the diffuser (ii) The Mach Number, static temperature and static pressure of air leaving the diffuser and (iii) the net thrust acting upon the diffuser assuming that its outer surfaces are wetted by atmospheric pressure at 0.1 MPa . () Derive an expression for optimum pressure ratio in a Brayton Cycle in terms of (4) maximum and minimum cycle temperatures.