Chapter 20 The Progressives

Be sure to read and take notes on the introduction- P. 568

QUESTIONS
The PROGRESSIVE IMPULSE (p. 569-572)
1. What were the key reform impulses that characterized
progressivism?
2. What did the muckrakers do to help prepare the way for
progressivism?
3. What contributions did the Social Gospel movement make to
progressivism?
4. Contrast the Social Darwinist view of society with the progressive
vision? How did the settlement house movement and the social work
profession illustrate the difference?
5. What were the characteristics of the so-called new middle class and
the new professionalism? What kind of organizations were formed?
Who was usually excluded?
6. In what professions did women dominate? What were the hallmarks
of those professions?
Debating the Past: Progressivism (p. 572-573)
7. What have the different emphases of historians revealed about the
diversity of motives and interests reflected in progressivism?
WOMEN AND REFORM (p. 573-577)
8. What was meant by the new woman?
9. What were the accomplishments of the womens club movement?
How did the clubs reflect both the influence of women and the
restrictions upon them?
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10.What were the principal arguments used for and against womens
suffrage?
11. Explain how the debate over the sphere of women shaped the
suffrage movement. Which position was probably the most influential
in finally obtaining the vote for women? Why was the West different?
12. What happened to the womens movement after suffrage was
accomplished in 1920?
THE ASSAULT ON THE PARTIES (p. 577-580)
13.Compare and contrast the proponents and opponents of municipal
government reform.
14.How were reform measures such as the commission plan, the citymanager plan, nonpartisanship, and at-large elections designed to
destroy the power of the urban party bosses?
15. What was the basic purpose of the initiative, referendum, direct
primary, and recall?
16. How did key progressive governors demonstrate that effective
leadership was the key to successful reform? Who was the most
celebrated of this group?
17.What was the relationship between the weakening of political parties
and the rise of interest groups?
America in the World: Social Democracy (p. 578-579)
18.Compare and contrast progressivism in America with social
democracy in Europe.
SOURCES OF PROGRESSIVE REFORM (p. 580-583)
19.What role did organized labor play in progressive reform efforts?
20. By what means did some urban political machines, such as Tammany
Hall, manage to survive the progressive era?
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21. Why was the progressivism especially strong in the western states?
22. How did the race relations views of Booker T. Washington contrast
with those of W.E.B. DuBois?
23. How did the NAACP get started? What were its early victories?
CRUSADE FOR SOCIAL ORDER AND REFORM (p. 583-585)
24. Explain the importance of lynching in the early 20th century and
explain the position of the NAACP and southern women in particular
on this issue.
25.Today, antiliquor laws are often thought as conservative. Why was
prohibition regarded as a progressive issue? What forces usually
opposed prohibition?
26. Most progressives abhorred the urban disorder resulting from the
influx of immigrants, but they differed about the appropriate response
to the problem. Which one dominated? Why?
CHALLENGING THE CAPITALIST ORDER (p. 585-588)
27.Both progressives and socialists believed that the enormous industrial
combinations were at the core of many of the nations problems, but
they certainly did not agree on the appropriate solutions. How did the
socialist agenda differ from the typical progressive program? On
what issues did the socialists disagree among themselves?
28. Describe the two different progressive approaches to the perceived
problem of economic consolidation and centralization. What
solutions did advocates of each approach favor?
Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency (p. 588-593)
29.How did Teddy Roosevelt come to be President?
30.What were Roosevelts assumptions about the proper role of
government, especially with regard to economic concentration? To
what extent was he a trust buster?
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31.What changes did Roosevelt initiate in the traditional role of the

federal government in labor disputes?
32.What were the key elements of the square deal that helped propel
Roosevelt to reelection and to significant accomplishments in his
second term?
33.How did Roosevelts actions in the effort to strengthen the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC) illustrate his tendency to take a middle
road of reform?
34.What were the two factors within the conservation movement?
Toward which side did Roosevelt lean? Were his stands consistent
with his general approach to reform? What was his lasting effect on
national environmental policy?
35.What caused the panic of 1907? How did Roosevelt and J.P. Morgan
respond?
The Troubled Succession (P. 594-596)
36.Contrast the personalities of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard
Taft. How did Tafts actions, and lack of action, contribute to the
division of the Republican Party?
37.Describe the programs that Roosevelt unveiled at Osawatomie,
Kansas. How did they go beyond the moderation he had exhibited as
president?
38. In addition to his general ambitions, what two events pushed
Roosevelt into open opposition to Taft? What kept Roosevelt and
Robert LaFollette apart?
39. How did Taft manage to secure the Republican nomination in 1912
despite Roosevelts obvious popularity?
40.Why did Roosevelt break from the Republicans to form the
Progressive Party? For what did it stand?

Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom (p. 596-598)

41.What in Woodrow Wilsons pre-White House career foreshadowed his
role his president?
42.How did Roosevelts New Nationalism and Wilsons New Freedom
differ from each other?
43.What propelled Wilson to victory in 1912? What roles did Taft and
Eugene Debs play in the campaign?
44. In what ways did Wilson concentrate political and executive power in
his own hands and prepare himself to be a strong legislative leader?
45. What special efforts did Wilson mount to pass the UnderwoodSimmons tariff? How did if fulfill longstanding Democratic pledges?
Why was a graduate income tax needed in addition to the tariff
reduction?
46. Describe how the nations banking system was transformed during
the Wilson Administration. What role did bankers play in shaping the
new law?
47. What did Wilsons actions in pushing hard for the Federal Trade
Commission Act and giving only lukewarm support to the Clayton Act
demonstrate about his ironic move in the direction of the New
Nationalism?
48.After the initial spate of New Freedom legislation, why did Wilson
back away from reform? What led him later in his first term, to
advance reform once again?

Ch. 20 The Progressives

Terms, Concepts, Names
Ida Tarbell
Muckrakers
Lincoln Steffens
Jacob Riis
Social Gospel
Salvation Army
Childrens Bureau
Boston Marriage
Womens suffrage
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Womens Trade Union League
Carrie Chapman Catt
Anna Howard Shaw
National American Suffrage Association
Nineteenth Amendment
Equal Rights Amendment
Womens professions
New woman
Clubwomen
Mothers pensions
National Association of Colored Women
Walter Rauschenbusch
Rerum Novarum
Hull House/Jane Addams
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Thorstein Veblen
Taylorism
American Medical Association
Secret ballot
Robert M. LaFollette
Split ticket
Commission Plan
Municipal Reform
City-Manager Plan
Tom Johnson
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Direct primary
Woodrow Wilson
Interest groups
Charles Frances Murphy
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Western Progressives
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. DuBois
Niagara Movement
Grandfather clause
Talented tenth
National Farm Bureau Federation
Womens Christian Temperance Movement
Temperance Crusade
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Anti-Saloon League
Eighteenth Amendment
Eugenics
Eugene V. Debs
Industrial Workers of the World
Louis B. Brandeis
Herbert Croly
Theodore Roosevelt
Trust Buster
1902 United Mine Workers Strike
Square Deal
Hepburn Railroad Regulation Act 1906
Forest Reserve Act
J.P. Morgan
William Howard Taft
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Pinched-Ballinger Controversy
New Nationalism
Progressive Party
New Freedom
Colonel Edward M. House
Underwood Simmons Tariff
Seventeenth Amendment
Federal Reserve Act
Federal Trade Commission
Clayton Antitrust Act
Keating-Owen Act
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Senator Robert LaFollette

National Reclamation Act
Department of Commerce and Labor
Northern Securities Case
Alton B. Parker
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act
National Forest Service
John Muir/Sierra Club
Gifford Pinchot
Newlands Act
Yosemite National Park
Bull Moose Party
Louis Brandeis
Sixteenth Amendment
Child labor laws