-::

Test 1

(;'0r~)

1.
Consider a CSTR in which chemical reaction A--->B takes place in
constant volume and isothermal conditions. The reaction rate is second order
with a rate constant k = 0.5[(moleIm3)minrl. Following data are given :
F =0.085m3 Imin; V = 2.1m3. The reaetor has been operating around a steady
state corresponding to an inlet concentration

CA/-i,ss= 0.925 mole I m3.

(a)
Derive the transfer function between the inlet and exit concentrations
around the above steady state.
(b)
if the inlet concentration increases by 20%, compute the dynamic response
ofthe actual exit concentration C/O and sketch.

(~oft$
)

2.

. Y($)OAL

-U(~)

1 s~~

1,t(-E)

}
:1.

.Rec.fa"jV/a,("
Pw.Ae.

Calculate and sketch y (i).

(;wpb)

(2~)

3.
Using a chemical process example, explain the advantages and
disadvantages of feedback and feedforward control. Be very specific.
"'. Show both controllers on your process diagram along with your variables.
4.

Given the following system:

dxi

di

= -2xl

+ m(i)

dxz
di

= -2xz

+ Xi

= 2xz(i-

2)

All initial conditions are zero.

Compute the transfer function between y and m.
Compute and sketch the response y(t) when m = a step increase of magnitude 3.

ir

Chemical Process Control

1. (lSpts)

FINAL

Given the following system:

dx
dt =-x(t)2m(t) + 4 where m(t) is an inputi and x(t) is a state variable and
due to physics of the problem x(t) can take only positive values. Derive.
the transfer function around the steady-state that corresponds to the
steady state value of input ms= i.
2. (20 pts)
Consider an absorption unit with liquid flowrate L and vapor
flowrate V. The objective is to keep the outlet gas composition y at set- .
point. Disturbances in the feed flowrate V and feed composition z are
measurable.

v
y

vZ
(a) Assuming that the transfer functions for all sensors and valves are
equal to 1, calculate one feed forward controller for taking care of feed
flowrate changes and another for the feed composition changes.
Construct the block diagram for the column with the two feed forward
controllers labeling all blocks and connections correctly. Following is
-1
e~
1
known :
Y(s)=-L(s)+
Z(s)+-V(s)
2s+1
(3s+1)(4s+1)
4s+1
(b) Let the column operate with the above controller and assume V=O
Le the flowrate is constant and z(t) is a step increase with magnitude 0.02.
.

Compute L(t) and y(t).

3. (15 pts)

(a)

Given

!.U = s 2 + e-s
2s + 10 and u(t) is a unit step increase.

Calculate the maximum value of the output y(t)

(b)
Given
Calculate limy(t)
t~oo

Y(s) =(2 + s)U(s) and u(t) =3sin4t

'",
i

i
ii

4.

The liquid level in a drum boiler is controlled as shown below. A model

is given by

Y(s)

0.1(1- 2s) U(s)

s(5s + 1)

where y is the level and u is the flowrate. it is known that the transfer
functions for the level transmitter (LT) and the valve are both equal to i.
-iii

-----

BeWii

Spts
Spts
Spts

(a)
(b)
(c)

lSpts (d)
Spts

(e)

Is this process open-Ioop stable ? Explain why.

Let U(s) be unit impulse. Compute and sketch y(t).
Draw the closed loop diagram with a feed back controller labeling
all the blocks and connections.
Assuming a proportional controller compute its ultima te gain.
Deign a proportional controller that gives a gain margin of 1.25.
Let the controller gain be equal to i. Is the closed loop stable ?
if yesi compute the steady state offset to a unit step increase in set

point. Explain your finding.

5. (15 pts)

'D(~)

y(s)

e~S

Let G be a PI controller. H(s) =ios + 1

1
M(s) = s + 1

Design the PI controller using Ziegler-Nichols settings.

Process Control
Test i 1 hr 30 min.

30 pts.

i.

Consider

(5)

a. Derive the state equation

variables.

the storage tank of Figure 1.

in terms of deviation

(10) b. Develop the transfer function between h and

Fi'
How is the time constant related t the
physical parameters?
(10) c. Assume that the system has been at steady-state
for some time. Calculate h(t) for t ~ O when Fi
increases by 20%. PIot the response.

(5)

d. Show how the speed of response (see part (c)) is

affected
by changes
in the values
of
the
cross-sectional area A and the valve opening a.

fi
1,..
ii

.......

F~ -=

(14

fi. := con...iQ.f\~

d./f

pts) 2.

Consider a continuous stirred tank reactor where

the following isomerization reaction tak es place

A~S
Reactions

k~'C .lk;L

are first order

The feed is composed oftwo

separate streams.
contains A wi th inlet concentration CAf and
other contains B with inlet concentration CBf.
reactor can be assumed to be constant density
isothermal.
(5 )

a. Write down the state

state variables?

(4 )

b. Define
variables.

your

equations.

distrubances

and

What

are

One
the
The
and
the

manipulated

(5)

c. Suggest one feedback and one feed forward

control loop to control the exit concentration
of C at adesired set-point. Sketch the loops
on the

20 pts

3.

reactor.

Given the following dynamic model

2

dt

2 + 4 Qy
dt + 16y = f(t)

x(t)
(5 )

a.

= y(t-2}

Find the transfer functions between y and fi and

between

x and

f.

(l5) b. Calculate and plot

x(t} when f(t} is a unit
step. Make sure to include in your plot all the
important quantities.
20 pts

4.

Y(s) =

s-2 2

(s + 1) (s + 16)
(6)

F(s)

a. Using the method of expansion to partial

fraetions, find qualitatively y(t} for the
different forcing functions given below:

i.

f(t}

ii.

f(t}

=
=

6(t) (unit impulse)

u(t}

(unit

step)

iii. f(t} = sin 4t

(4 )

b. Whieh of the responses are stable i.e. y(t)

not blow

(5 )

(5 )

does

up?

c. For each case caleulate the steady-state value

of y (t).
d. Give a qualititative plot of the unit step
response.

f'

,-""""-".

-l c"

16 pts.

'.

5.

(+1 fOi' e~ch cor!'~ct~ -1 for- ea:h iricrT~ct).

transfer fun::ti ons O:). O, T> O)

ror,:~ i:e r th~

,
G(S) :: '316

Q(S)

i:2Si:;it'c$+l

K
ptS}

"(S1i-r(s+.iT p

H(S):::

'-

,h'c1~ the

i.

'

.,

Qi'

O< 1;< 1

.~

Which are

t1"'c.r.sfer fti..:t'ici)::;

of seCf)Hd m'i1i:r

Whidi can be ciil1ed

crit'1caHy

c.

Which CCild

0.;!::111a'::01'Y ""eporic;

xhibH

dcd:ipcd?

a nit impuise inputl

.
Hbich . cou"'lj

ci.
h\!e

i::! -'
a ,. i11rrr.n

!hi C eoul cl be ca 11ed ov r6.(':npe:>::i7

1.

Jt:ich

hi::ve ii un1t impu1!::e re$j:o:\:;':

demi m;td hy e- 6+.. fo:" large t ?
.

I'S0r;:;f;

d ur:,
'-'i'"''
-- ,..t\":-ut ,iJ.. ....O"
.ii;.," d' D,,! a. t e,oI!
h.

.:)
('.'+8

Q3r ,:> 1

Wtiic.h cc1d
t uit
5tp

!xti1bit
1nput?

iny(rsc

r-pOf,St

i'li

..,.
':1

,.\.1

!.!
"

,..
;;.

to

'f'

Q"i

J2

Q-.

f;

O",
-i

f..".
t,

Q",
,'j

,.,
:-

ri '.

t"\,.,

}i

..

ri",

.i

".-

cu

i..

(=i

culd

CQuld hi:vE<-li urdtimp;he

to

.. i t.... -:. ""f''!''riF.-:.-t')

.. '0.;-'....
.
",,,...:

e.

H!iith

:;

cO\'~i.~i:t ~;1$\'i'e~ cr an5<v/ers to ili~ qi:~!ti ;:m:::::'

b.

r.
..'

,.

Q2' 1;:: 1

s-l '
,

"PtS)
\,

;Cs-i-T

si5ter;j?

d.

fe, 11 Ci}'t\~
lig

,...

"',

'( i

"

>';2

Q.i
,)

p-

G2

"
\.;?
.,

....,

l,

;"\
i,.....

,.

'

('",

'-li

f'

Q",

\;t.

tLO,

'iZ

i'

Q.;
.

"!2

Q",

r.
I'"

.'

'i

-e

-""2

'<

"3