The word bacteria is the plural of bacterium.

Grammatically the headline should just say "What

are bacteria?" The incorrect usage has been included in the headline to remind readers that it is
wrong - and hopefully help correct an increasingly common mistake in the English language.
Characteristics. Bacteria are grouped in a number of different ways. Most bacteriaare of one
of three typical shapesrod-shaped (bacillus), round (coccus, e.g., streptococcus), and spiral
(spirillum). An additional group, vibrios, appear as incomplete spirals.

Archaebacteria Sub-kingdom of the kingdom Prokaryote, which, on the basis of both RNA and
DNA composition and biochemistry, differs significantly from other bacteria. They are thought to
resemble ancient bacteria that first arose in extreme environments such as sulphur-rich, deep-sea
vents. Archaebacteria have unique protein-like cell walls and cell membrane chemistry, and
distinctive ribosomes. They include methane-producing bacteria, which use simple organic
compounds such as methanol and acetate as food, combining them with carbon dioxide and
hydrogen gas from the air, and releasing methane as a by-product. The bacteria of hot springs
and saline areas have a variety of ways of obtaining food and energy, including the use of
minerals instead of organic compounds. They include both aerobic and anaerobicbacteria. Some
hot springs bacteria can tolerate temperatures up to 88C (190F) and acidities as low as pH 0.9.
One species, Thermoplasma, may be related to the ancestor of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the
more advanced eukaryote cells. Some taxonomists consider archaebacteria to be so different
from other living organisms that they constitute a higher grouping called a domain. See
also taxonomy

Eubacteria are usually divided into five

phylums: Spirochetes, Chlamydias,Gram-positive
bacteria, Cyanobacteria (formerly blue-green algae),
andProteobacteria. There are many types of bacteria, many of
which are extremely similar, so you may see other groupings.
Gram-positive bacteria bind a stain known as "Gram's stain" to the
peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria have more
complex cell walls and less peptidoglycan and therefore are unable
to bind the stain to their cell walls.

Harmful bacteria
Bacteria are a domain of prokaryotes, the earliest type of life on earth. These microorganisms can
be traced back billions of years, and there are an unknown, but massive, amount of them on the
planet today. The unifying quality of all bacteria is that they are single-celled, and the vast majority
are so small they can only be viewed under a microscope, although there are a rare few that can just
barely be seen with the naked eye. Most bacteria are harmless, but harmful bacteria, also known as
pathogenic bacteria, can cause incredible damage to a person's body, including death.
The majority of bacteria are known as nonpathogenic bacteria, and they comprise more than twothirds of all those found on Earth. Nonpathogenic bacteria are found on and in everything, from skin,
to water, to human stomachs. They actually are necessary to the healthy functioning of any life form,
assisting with vital functions like digestion. These bacteria are constantly moving through the human

body's systems, and cause no harm, except in very rare circumstances. The term pathogenic means
disease carrying, and pathogenic or harmful bacteria are often referred to simply as germs. They are
generally classified based on their shape, with three main groupings: coccus, bacillus, and spirillium.
The cocci can be further sub-divided into three groups: streptococci, diplococci, and staphylococci.

Useful bacteria

Lactobacillus. There are more than 80 species of the Lactobacillus genus of probiotics.

Bifidobacterium. If you carry the bacterium Helicobacter pylori in your stomach, you are
at increased risk for stomach ulcers. ...

Streptococcus. ...

Bacillus Coagulans.

flagellates are a grade of organisation. Traditionally, they are those protozoa which
spend most of their existence moving or feeding with a small number of flagella.
This type of organization is the most widespread among protists. Of the 60 lineages
of protists identified among the eukaryotes, 27 satisfy the condition of being a
protozoan flagellate. In addition, alveolates and stramenopiles include heterotrophic
flagellates, as do several groups often thought of as algae (dinoflagellates,
euglenids, and cryptomonads). Some of the amoebae revert to flagellated forms for
part of their life history or have non-functional flagella attached to their bodies.
Many parasites which affect human health or economy are flagellates. They include
the relatively benign Giardia and the more damaging trypanosomes and
leishmaniases. Flagellates are the major consumers of primary and secondary
production in aquatic ecosystems - consuming bacteria and other protists and
ensuring the recycling of limiting nutrients.
The ciliates are a group of protozoans characterized by the presence of hair-like organelles
called cilia, which are identical in structure to eukaryotic flagella, but are in general shorter and
present in much larger numbers, with a different undulatingpattern than flagella. Cilia occur in all
members of the group (although the peculiar Suctoria only have them for part of the life-cycle) and
are variously used in swimming, crawling, attachment, feeding, and sensation. All behavioral
patterns are coordinated by signaling processes.[2]
An amoeba (/mib/; rarely spelled amba, US English commonly ameba;
plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae /mibi/),[1] often called amoeboid, is a type
of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and
retracting pseudopods.[2] Amoebas do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in
every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the protozoa, but
also in fungi,algae, and animals.
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic protists. Most of them
possess a unique form oforganelle that comprises a type of plastid called an apicoplast, and an

apical complex structure. The organelle is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in
penetration of a host cell.
The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming. All species are obligate endoparasites of
animals,[3] except Nephromyces, asymbiont in marine animals, originally classified as
a chytrid fungus.[4] Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are present only in
certain gamete stages.

BUOD NG LABAW DONGGON

Epiko ng mga lambunao, bayan sa Iloilo
Si Labaw ay isa sa tatlong anak nina Abyang Alunsina at Buyung Panbari. Kakaiba si
Labaw dahil nangipinanganak ito, lumaki ito kaagad. Matalino, malakas at natuto
agad itong magsalita. Nagpaalam si Labaw upang mapakasalan si Anggoy Ginbitan.
Pinayagan siya nito at agad naman silangnakapagpakasal. Sunod naman, ay pinakasalan
niya si Anggoy Doroonan. Mayroon na naman siyang nabalitaang isa pang magandang
babae, si Nagmalitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata, na ninais niyang pakasalan ngunit
nangdumating siya roon ay kasal na pala ito kay Buyung Saragnayan. Dahil hindi
pumayag si Buyung sa pakiusap niLabaw, naglaban sila nito. Nagtagal ang labanan.
Parehong malakas si Buyung at Labaw. Nang mapagod si Labaw,tinali agad ito ni Buyung.
Sinabit siya nang parang baboy sa ilalim ng kanilang bahay. Nang mabalitaan ito ng mga anak ni
Labaw na sina Baranugan, anak ni Anggoy Doroonan, at Asu Mangga,anak ni Anggoy
Ginbitinan, agad silang nagpaalam upang iligtas ang kanilang ama. Pinayagan sila at agad
nagtungokay Buyung. Nakipaglaban sila kay Buyung ngunit dahil sa angking lakas
ni Buyung, nahirapan sila. Kaya naman,humingi sila ng tulong, una sa mga impakto
ngunit hindi pa rin matalo-talo si Buyung, pangalawa naman, sakanilang lola na
si Abyang Alunsina. Ayon sa kanilang lola, matatalo lang si Buyung kapag pumatay sila
ng isang baboy ramo. Agad naman nilang ginawa to at agad namatay si Buyung. Nang
mahanap na nila Asu Mangga at Baranugan si Labaw ay nabaliw na ito. Ginamot ito ng
kanyang mgaasawa paguwi nila. Nang gumaling na si Labaw, inutusan niya ang kanyang
mga anak na magpunta kung saannaroroon si Nagmalitong Yawa Sinagmaling Diwata
dahil nabalitaan niya na mayroong dalawa pang kapatid na babae si Nagmalitong Yawa at
nais niyang ipahanap ang mga ito. Agad namang umalis ang kanyang mga anak upang
sundin ang utos niya.