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COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING
Refers to the most basic plan prepared to guide the development
of the community

PLANNING

Synonymously termed as GENERAL PLAN and MASTER PLAN

a plan that can provide a community with a firm foundation for

policy and action that will allow it to function more efficiently and
effectively

strengthen communities policies and legislation, and it also can

promote a more certain future.

Prepared by : Ar. PIO

Characteristics:
- Physically covers the entire community (general in nature)

Goals of Comprehensive Planning

1.

HEALTH

long-term

Have time horizon in the range of 20 30 years

provides a framework and policy context within which to make all

decisions relating to land use and future development.

Examples:

physically and functionally all-encompassing

a.

Prepared by the staff of the city/municipal planning department

with the help of other government agencies and officials

Prohibiting densities of
development that threaten to
overload water or sewer facilities

Presented to a legislative body

b.

Separating industrial or
commercial activities that
produce health hazards from
residential areas

c.

Banning certain types of industrial

operations from community
entirely

Achieving a pattern of land use

that protects the public health is a
well-established planning goal

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Goals of Comprehensive Planning

Goals of Comprehensive Planning

2. PUBLIC SAFETY

3. CIRCULATION

Examples:
a.

Requiring sufficient road width in

new subdivisions to ensure that
ambulances and fire equipment
have adequate access in
emergencies

b.

Communities have flood plain

zoning to keep people away from
building in flood-prone areas

c.

For a neighborhood level mean

planning for a street geometry
that permits children to walk
from home to school without
crossing a major thoroughfare

- Universal goal
Examples:
a.

Systems of streets and parking facilities that make possible an

orderly, efficient and rapid flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic

b.

Providing for adequate public transportation

Goals of Comprehensive Planning

Goals of Comprehensive Planning

4. PROVISION OF SERVICES AND

FACILITIES

5. FISCAL HEALTH

Determining the location of facilities such as parks,

recreation areas, schools, social services, hospitals
and the like
Plan for the pattern of land use that facilitates the
provision of public services like police and fire
protection, water and sewer

Examples:
a.

b.

Pattern of land use will affect the feasibility and

the cost of providing public water and sewer
facilities
Location of housing relative to the location of
schools will determine whether children can walk
or must take bus to school

Relationship between the pattern of development and the fiscal

situation of t he community

Examples:
a.

Development that will impose some costs of the community

- fire protection
- police protection
- traffic
- education

b. Development that will generate some revenues for the municipality

- property taxes
- sales taxes

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Goals of Comprehensive Planning

6. ECONOMIC GOALS
-

To develop pattern of land use that provides for commercial and

industrial sites, provides good access to such sites, and facilities
supplying utilities to such sites

COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS

Research Phase
- data gathering ad forecasting phase
- common type of study population forecast
b. Clarification of community goals and objectives
- agreement about what the plan is intended to achieve
- goals should be formulated with a knowledge of the
essential facts of the situation, a knowledge of the
limitations under which the municipality operates and a
realistic view of the options open to the community
c. Formulating the Plan
- larger Communities generally drawn up by the
municipalitys planning agencies
- smaller communities drawn up by a planning
consultant and submitted to the community for approval
a.

Goals of Comprehensive Planning

7. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
-

Involves in the restriction on the

building in wetland, steep slopes,
or other ecologically valuable or
fragile lands.

Involves in the preservation of

open space, ordinances to control
discharges into water bodies,
prohibition or limitations on
commercial or industrial activities
that would degrade air quality

8. REDISTRIBUTED
GOALS
-

Goals of planning should be

to distribute downward both
wealth and influence in the
political process

For example, assume that one goal is to reduce

traffic congestion in the CBD.
Options:
1.

Widening and straightening the main street

2.

Constructing by pass

3.

Building a parking structure and eliminating onstreet parking on the main street

4.

Converting a two-way to a one-way street

system

5.

Combination of the above

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COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING PROCESS

d. Plan Implementation
- the two moat powerful tools for carrying out the
physical side of the plan are Capital Investments and
Land-Use Controls
e. Review, Revision and Updating
- Planning is anything but an exact science, rather it is
an art still in the early stages of development.

Land-use planning
-

general term used for a branch of urban planning

encompassing various disciplines which seek to order
and regulate Land-use in an efficient and ethical way

Rational and judicious approach of allocating available

land resources to different land use activities and for
different functions consistent with the overall
development vision of a particular city

refers to the document embodying a set of policies

accompanied by maps and similar illustrations which
represents the community desired pattern of population
distribution and a proposal for the future allocation of
land to the various land use activities

Physical Development Proposals Category

Land Use Recommendation
- residential, commercial, industrial and institutional
b. Recommendations for new and modified community
facilities
- parks, health center, libraries
c. A transportation and circulation scheme
- for mass transit, private and commercial vehicles, and
pedestrians
d. A plan for civic beautification
- urban design proposals to improve the image and
aesthetic quality of the city
e. A utilities plan
- sewers and water lines

a.

Land-use

Refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its

allocation, development and management

Two broad categories of direct actions by which

a municipality can shape its land-use pattern:
1. Public Capital Investment
2. Land-use Control

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1. Public Capital Investment

- Creates very powerful economic forces that shape
development and not easily altered
Examples:
a. Public expenditures (roads and highways)
- accessibility is the most important determinant of land value

b.
Public
investment
utilities ( water and sewer)

c. Public investment in
facilities (schools, airport harbors)

- extension of water and

sewer lines can produce great
changes in land values and the
intensity of development

- diverts and channels the flow

of development

2. Land-use controls
Development and implementation constitutes a major
share of the effort of most planning agencies.
Land-Use Forms:
a. Subdivision Regulations
- Oldest form of land-use
- enforcement is an exercise by the municipality police
power within the framework of the power granted it by
the state
b. Zoning Ordinances
- best known form of land use control
- prepared by communitys planners or planning
consultants
- acquires its legal force when the communitys
legislative body passes a measure adopting it.

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Two parts of Zoning Ordinances:

a. a map
- divides the community into a number of zones.
b. the text
- specifies in considerable detail what may be
constructed in each zone and to what uses structures
may be put

Zoning Ordinances:
1. Site Layout Requirements (e.i. min. lot area, frontage and
depth, setbacks)
2. Requirements for structure characteristics ( max. height of
structure, max. number of stories, max floor area
3. Uses to which structures may be put (residential zone specify
that dwellings may be occupied only by single families, and on
certain non-residential uses permitted in the zone such as
churches, funeral homes and professional offices).
4. Procedural Process (specify how it is to be determined
whether building plans are inconformity to the zoning ordinances)

Objectives of Land-Use Planning

3. Site Plan Review

Applies to developments over a certain size for commercial
and multifamily development.

1. Promote efficient utilization, acquisition and disposition

of land and ensure the highest and best use of land

4. Architectural Review
Building plans are reviewed for essentially aesthetic
considerations

2. To direct, harmonize and influence discussion and

activities of the private and public sectors relative to use
and management of land

5. Historic Preservation
Controls may dictate that new structures must be in a style
and at a scale consistent with the past.

3. To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between

and among individuals, private and government entities
relative to the present and future needs for the land
4. To promote desirable patterns of land use to prevent
wasteful development and minimize the cost of public
infrastructure and utilities and other social services
5. To preserve the areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical
and cultural significance

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Physical planning

Proponents:
GARY HACK
Author Local Planning : Contemporary Principles and
Practices

Refers to the methods used by the public sector to

influence the distribution of people and activities in
spaces of various scales.

KEVIN LYNCH
Good City Form

Transportation planning
-

A field involve with the evaluation assessment, design

and sitting of transportation facilities