CHE 350: Chemical Engineering Transport Phenomena Lab I

Jacketed Vessel Heat Exchanger

Date of Experiment: 23/11/2015
Date of Report Submittal: 30/11/2015
Lab Instructor: Dr. Ahmed Aidan
Section 1, Group 3
Name

ID

Catherine Masoud

55020

Haya Nassrullah

55344

Fares Hesham

52268

Marah Ali

53450

Ahmed Radwan

49969

Abstract
In this experiment, we have been observing the effect of varying the hot
water flow rates and the stirrer speeds on the overall heat transfer
coefficient of the jacket (U). Five different hot water flowrates, which range
from 1.3 L/min to 2.39 L/min, were examined at stirring speeds of 0%, 50%
and 100%. At a stirring speed of 0%, it was observed that the overall heat
transfer coefficient increased from 172.56 W/m 2 K at 1.3 L/min to 366.229
W/m2 K at 2.39 L /min. A positive trend was observed to confirm the
relationship between the hot water flowrate and the overall heat transfer
coefficient at a particular stirring speed. The results show that overall heat
transfer coefficient fluctuates as the hot water flowrate increases probably
due to software errors, but the overall trend observed was positive. At a
stirring speed of 0%, U increased from 172.56 W/m2 K at 1.3 L/min to 571
W/m2 K at 2 L/min. Then, a large drop in the overall heat transfer coefficient
is observed as the hot water flow rate increases to 2.1 L/min, with U= 45.8
W/m2 K. As the hot water flowrate increases to 2.39 L/min, the overall heat
transfer coefficient increases again to a value of 366.229 W/m 2 K. These
fluctuations are due to heat losses to the surroundings, although the
apparatus is designed to be adiabatic. In addition, the cold water was
assumed to be constant at a value of 1 L/min. However, the data recorded
shows variations in the cold water flowrate. Last but not least, each tested
hot water flowrate was not constant throughout the run, which could have
affected the overall heat transfer coefficient calculated. To observe a clear
2

trend, the experiment should be repeated ensuring that all variables other
than the hot water flowrate remain constant.

Table of Contents
Cover Page..................................................................................................1
Abstract.......................................................................................................2
List of Tables................................................................................................4
List of Figures..............................................................................................5
Data, Results and Sample Calculations.......................................................6
Catherine Masoud.....................................................................................6
Haya Nassrullah......................................................................................10
Marah Ali................................................................................................13
Ahmed Ahmed........................................................................................17
Fares Hesham.........................................................................................19
Discussion.................................................................................................22
Conclusion.................................................................................................25
References.................................................................................................26

List of Tables
Table 1: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min
....................................................................................................................6
Table 2: Constant Properties........................................................................6
Table 3: Results for Tank at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min .....................6
Table 4: Results for Jacket at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min....................7
Table 5: Overall Results at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min ......................7
Table 6: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min.......................................10
Table 7: Constant Properties......................................................................10
Table 8: Results for Tank at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min......................10
Table 9: Results for Jacket at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min....................11
Table 10: Overall Results at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min.....................11
Table 11: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.05L/min...................................13
Table 12: Raw data from the jacketed vessel............................................17
Table 13: Processed Results.......................................................................17
Table 14: Data for Hot Water Flowrate= 1.3 L/min....................................19
Table 15: Constants...................................................................................19
Table 16: Processed Data for the Jacket at Various Stirrer Speeds............19
Table 17: Processed Data for the Tank at Various Stirrer Speeds ..............19
4

Table 18: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of Jacket.................................20

Table 18: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient at different flowrates.............22

List of Figures
Figure 1: Properties of stream at T=32.45
....................................................................................................................7
Figure 2: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Flowrate=2.39 L/min...9
Figure 3: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Flowrate=2.10 L/min.12
Figure 4: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Flowrate=2.05 L/min.16
Figure 5: Overall heat transfer coefficient vs. Stirrer spee
..................................................................................................................17
Figure 6: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Jacket ..........................20
Figure 7: T(hot) vs. Hot Water Flow Rate................................................22
Figure 8: T(cold) vs. Hot Water Flow RateY.............................................23
Figure 9: Qjacket vs. Hot Water Flow Rate.....................................................23
Figure 10: U

jacket

vs. Hot Water Flow Rate..................................................24

Hot Water
Flowrate qvh
(L/min)

Cold Water
Flowrate qvc
(L/min)

Stirrer
Speed
(%)

T1
(C)

T2
(C)

T3
(C)

T6
(C)

2.39

0.21

0.00

42.1

46.8

46.3

22.8

2.39

0.21

50.00

39.7

45.8

45.2

22.4

2.39

0.21

100.00

42.5

47.6

46.9

22.5

Data, Results and Sample Calculation

Hot Stream Flowrate: 2.39 L/min (Catherine Masoud, @55020)
Table 1: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min

Table 2: Constant Properties

di (m)

0.1524

do (m)

0.1542

davg (m)

0.1533

l (m)

0.0800

A (m2)

0.03853

Table 3: Results for Tank at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min

Stirrer
Speed
(%)

Ttank,avg (C)

tank
(kg/m3)

Cptank
(kJ/gK)

mtank
(kg/s)

Qtank (W)

0.00

32.5

994.87

4.1783

0.003482
0

280.796

50.00

31.1

995.31

4.1784

0.003483
5

251.815

100.00

32.5

994.87

4.1783

0.003482
0

290.980

Table 4: Results for Jacket at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min

Stirrer
Speed (%)

Tjacket,avg
(C)

jacket
(kg/m3)

Cpjacket
(kJ/gK)

mjacket(kg/
s)

Qjacket
(W)

0.00

46.53

989.57

4.1797

0.039418

-82.377

50.00

45.70

989.92

4.1797

0.039432

-98.888

100.00

47.31

989.23

4.1799

0.039404

-115.294

Table 5: Overall Results at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39L/min

Stirrer Speed
(%)

HL (W)

T lm

Uj (W/m2K)

0.00

363.174

4.4453

480.976

50.00

350.703

5.7948

442.915

100.00

406.275

4.7414

631.132

Sample Calculations:
7

Properties of hot and cold water streams such as heat capacity and density
values were obtained from an empirical data calculator found at:
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/javascript/water-properties.html.
A screenshot of data obtained at Ttank,avg = 32.45C is shown below. [1]

Figure 1: Properties of stream at T=32.45C

For data obtained at stirring speed = 0.00%:

1. Tank/Vessel Calculations:
T 1+T 6 (42.1+22.8)
T tank ,avg=
=
=32.45

2
2

994.87 kg
0.21 L
m3
1 L
Min
1 Min
1000 m3
0.003482 kg
Tank Mass Flowrate :mtank = tankqvc =
=
60 s
s

0.003482kg
4.17831000 J
s
J
Qtank=mtankC ptank( T 1T 6 )=
( 42.122.8 ) =280.79 W
kgK
s

( )

2. Jacket Calculations:
T 2+T 3 (46.8+ 46.3)
T jacket , avg=
=
=46.55

2
2

989.57 kg
2.39 L
m3
1 L
Min
1 Min
1000 m3
0.03942 kg
Jac ket Mass Flowrate: m jacket = jacketqvh=
=
60 s
s

0.03942 kg
4.17971000 J
s
J
Q jacket =m jacketC p jacket( T 3T 2 ) =
( 46.346.8 ) =82.377 W
kgK
s

( )

3. Overall Calculations
Heat Loss : HL=Q tank Q jacket ( 280.79|82.377|) W =363.173 W

T lm=

( T 2T 1 )(T 3T 1) ( 46.842.1 ) ( 46.342.1)

=
=4.445K
T 2T 1
46.842.1
ln (
)
ln
T 3T 1
46.342.1

A jacket=DL=0.1533m0.0800 m= 0.03853 m2
Q jacket

|82.377 W |
366.229 W

=
=
A jacket T lm 0.03853 m24.445 K
m2 K
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient :U =

Graph of Ujacket versus Stirrer Speed

700.000
600.000

f(x) = 1.5x + 443.26

500.000
400.000

Ujacket (W/m2.K) 300.000

200.000
100.000
0.000

20

40

60

80

100

120

Stirrer Speed (%)

Figure 2: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Water Flowrate = 2.39
L/min
9

Hot Water
Flowrate qvh
(L/min)

Cold Water
Flowrate qvc
(L/min)

Stirrer
Speed
(%)

T1
(C)

T2
(C)

T3
(C)

T6
(C)

2.1

0.80

0.00

31.0

47.5

47.3

22.2

2.1

0.73

50.00

33.0

49.6

47.0

21.5

2.1

0.69

100.00

33.4

50.3

46.6

22.2

Hot Stream Flowrate: 2.1 L/min (Haya Nassrullah, @55344)

Table 6: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min

Table 7: Constant Properties

10

di (m)

0.1524

do (m)

0.1542

davg (m)

0.1533

l (m)

0.0800

A (m2)

0.03853

Table 8: Results for Tank at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min

Stirrer
Speed
(%)

Ttank,avg (C)

tank
(kg/m3)

Cptank
(kJ/gK)

mtank
(kg/s)

Qtank (W)

0.00

26.6

995.3

4.178

0.01327

487.89

50.00

27.25

994.7

4.178

0.01210

581.37

100.00

27.8

994.6

4.178

0.01144

535.32

Table 9: Results for Jacket at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min

Stirrer
Speed (%)

Tjacket,avg
(C)

jacket
(kg/m3)

Cpjacket
(kJ/gK)

mjacket(kg/
s)

Qjacket
(W)

0.00

47.4

989.2

4.180

0.03462

-28.94

50.00

48.3

988.8

4.180

0.03461

-376.14

100.00

48.45

988.7

4.180

0.03460

-535.12

Table 10: Overall Results at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1L/min

11

Stirrer Speed
(%)

HL (W)

T lm

Uj (W/m2K)

0.00

458.95

16.40

45.80

50.00

205.23

15.26

639.73

100.00

0.2

14.97

927.75

Sample Calculations:
For data obtained at stirring speed = 0.00%:
1. Tank/Vessel Calculations:
T 1+T 6 (31+22.2)
=
=26.6
2
2

T tank ,avg=

995.3 kg
0.8 L
3
m
1m3
Min
1 Min
1000 L
0.01327 kg
Tank Mass Flowrate :mtank = tankqvc =
=
60 s
s

0.01327 kg
4.1781000 J
s
J
Qtank=mtankC ptank ( T 1T 6 )=
( 3122.2 ) =487.89 W
kgK
s

()

2. Jacket Calculations:
T 2+T 3 (47.5+ 47.3)
=
=47.4
2
2

T jacket , avg=

989.2 kg
2.1 L
3
m
1 m3
Min
1 Min
1000 L
0.03462 kg
Jacket Mass Flowrate :m jacket = jacketqvh=
=
60 s
s

12


0.03462 kg
4.1801000 J
s
J
Q jacket =m jacketC p jacket( T 3T 2 ) =
( 47.347.5 ) =28.94 W
kgK
s

()

3. Overall Calculations

Heat Loss : HL=Q tank Q jacket ( 487.89|28.94|) W =458.95 W

T lm =

( T 2T 1 )(T 3T 1) ( 47.531 ) (47.331)

=
=16.4 K
T 2T 1
47.531
ln (
)
ln
T 3T 1
47.331

|28.94 W |
45.80 W

=
=
A jacket T lm 0.03853 m216.4 K
m2 K
Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient :U =

Q jacket

Ujacket vs. stirrer speed

1000
800
600
Ujacket (W/m^2.K)

400
200
0
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

stirrer speed %

Figure 3: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Water Flowrate = 2.1
L/min

13

Hot Stream Flowrate~ 2.05 L/min (Marah Ali, @53450)

Table 11: Data at Hot Water Flowrate = 2.05L/min
Stirr
er
Spee
d

Hot
Water
Flowrat
e
average

0%
50%
100%

[l/min]
2.02
2.07
2.03

Cold
Water
Flowrat
e
averag
e
[l/min]
0.63
0.53
0.49

Cold
Water
Outlet
Temp
T1

Hot
Water
Inlet
Temp
T2

Hot
Water
Outlet
Temp
T3

Cold
Water
Inlet
Temp
T6

[C]
33.3
34.8
37.0

[C]
50.0
49.6
47.7

[C]
46.8
45.8
44.8

[C]
23.0
23.8
23.8

Constant Properties and Sample Calculations for all Stirrer Speeds:

Specific heat capacity of water (Cp) = 4.179 kJ/kg.K
Density of hot water (h) = 989.5 kg/m3
Density of cold water (c) = 994.2 kg/m3
Vessel wall inner diameter (Dvessel i) = 0.1524 m
Vessel wall outer diameter (Dvessel o) = 0.1542 m
Heating jacket shell inner diameter (Dshell) = 0.175 m
Heat transfer length = 0.08 m
Jacketed Heat Transfer Area:
A vessel = Dvessel L=

0.1524+ 0.1542
m 0.08 m=0.0385 m2
2

A jacket= D jacket L= 0.175 m0.08 m=0.040 m2

14

Stirrer Speed: 0%
Mass Flow Rate:
3
hot =V hot hot =2.02 L 989.5 kg3 1 m 1 min =0.0333 kg
m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s
3
cold=V cold cold =0.63 L 994.2 kg3 1 m 1min =0.0104 kg
m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s

Heat Transfer Rate:

Qvessel =m
cold C p ( T 1T 6 )=0.0104

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 33.323 ) =0.448
s
kg K
s

Q jacket =m
hot C p ( T 2T 3 )=0.0333

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 5046.8 ) =0.445
s
kg K
s

Log Mean Temperature Difference:

t 1=T 3T 1=46.833.3=13.5
t 2=T 2T 6=5023=27
T lm=

t 2 t 1
ln

t2
t1

2713.5
=19.48
27
ln
13.5

( ) ( )

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:

U vessel =

Q vessel
0.448
kJ
=
=0.597
A vessel T lm 0.0385 19.48
s . m2 .

U jacket =

Q jacket
0.445
kJ
=
=0.571
2
A jacket T lm 0.040 19.48
s . m .

Stirrer Speed: 50%

Mass Flow Rate:
3
hot =V hot hot =2.07 L 989.5 kg3 1 m 1min =0.0341 kg
m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s

15

3
cold=V cold cold=0.53 L 994.2 kg3 1 m 1min =0.00878 kg
m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s

Heat Transfer Rate:

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 34.823.8 ) =0.404
s
kg K
s

Qvessel =m
cold C p ( T 1T 6 )=0.00878

Q jacket =m
hot C p ( T 2T 3 )=0.0341

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 49.645.8 ) =0.542
s
kg K
s

Log Mean Temperature Difference

t 1=T 3T 1=45.834.8=11
t 2=T 2T 6=49.623.8=25.8
T lm=

t 2 t 1
ln

t2
t1

25.811
=17.36
25.8
ln
11

( ) ( )

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:

U vessel =

Q vessel
0.404
kJ
=
=0.604
A vessel T lm 0.0385 17.36
s . m2 .

U jacket =

Q jacket
0.542
kJ
=
=0.781
A jacket T lm 0.040 17.36
s . m2 .

Stirrer Speed: 100%

Mass Flow Rate:
3
hot =V hot hot =2.03 L 989.5 kg3 1 m 1 mi n =0.0335 kg
m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s
3

cold=V cold cold=0.49 L 994.2 kg3 1 m 1min =0.00812 kg

m
min
s
m 1000 L 60 s
Heat Transfer Rate:
Qvessel =m
cold C p ( T 1T 6 )=0.00812

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 3723.8 ) =0.449
s
kg K
s
16

Q jacket =m
hot C p ( T 2T 3 )=0.0335

kg
kJ
kJ
4.179
( 47.744.8 ) =0.406
s
kg K
s

Log Mean Temperature Difference

t 1=T 3T 1=44.837=7.8
t 2=T 2T 6=47.723.8=23.9
T lm=

t 2 t 1
ln

t2
t1

23.97.8
=14.37
23.9
ln
7.8

( ) ( )

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:

U vessel =

Q vessel
0.449
kJ
=
=0.812
A vessel T lm 0.0385 14.37
s . m2 .

U jacket =

Q jacket
0.403
kJ
=
=0.701
A jacket T lm 0.040 14.37
s . m2 .

U jacket vs. Stirrer Speed

900
800
700
600

U jacket (J/(m^2 s C))

500
Ujacket (J/m^2 s C))

Linear (U jacket (J/(m^2 s

C)))

400
300
200
100
0
0

0.5

1.5

Stirrer Speed%

Figure 3: Graph of Ujacket vs Stirrer Speed for Hot Water Flowrate ~ 2.05
L/min

17

Stirrer
speed [%]

Q
jacketed
[kw]

Q vessel
[kw]

Area of
the
jacket[m^
2]

Log mean

temperat
ure [K]

0
50
100

0.1211
0.096
0.497

0.323
0.308
0.328

0.0385
0.0385
0.0385

13.85
9.79
11.93

Over all
heat
transfer
coefficient
[kw/m^2*
k]
0.227
0.252
1.081

Hot Stream Flowrate: 1.70L/min (Ahmed H.S. Ahmed, @49969)

Table 12: Raw data from the jacketed vessel

Stirring
speed [%]

Mass
flowrate
h [kg/s]

0
50
100

0.029
0.029
0.029

Mass
T1 [
flow
Co ]
rate
c
[kg/s]
0.006
37.4
0.006
37.2
0.006
38.0

T2 [ T3 [ T6 [ CPh
[kj/kg.
Co
Co
Co
K]

CPc
[kj/kg.
K]

45.1
47.4
52.1

4.178
4.178
4.178

45.2
46.6
48.0

24.5
24.7
24.9

4.179
4.180
4.180

Table 13: Processed Results

18

Overall heat transfer coeficient vs. Stirrer speed

1.2
1
0.8
U [kw/m^2*k] 0.6

Column2

0.4
0.2
0
0

20

40

60

80 100 120

Stirrer speed %

Figure 5: Overall heat transfer coefficient vs. stirrer speed

Sample calculations @ 0% stirring speed
QJacket =m h C p ,h ( T 2T 3 )
QJacket =0.029[kg/s]*4.179[kj/kg.k]*(318.1-318.2) K =0.1211 kW
QTank =mc C p , c ( T 1T 6 )
K
QTank =0.006 [kg/ s]4.178 [kj /kg . k ](310.4297.5) ]=0.323 kW
d mean=

d o +d i
2

d mean=

0.1542+0.1524
= 0.1533 m
2

A j= . d mean . L
A j= . d mean .0.08 =0.0385 m^2

19

 T lm=

( T 2T 1 )( T 3T 1 )
ln

T lm=

T 2T 1
T 3T 1

( 318.1310.4 ) (318.2297.5 )
318.1310.4
=13.85 k
ln
318.2297.5

U j=

QJacket
A j . T lm

U j=

0.1211
0.03885.13 .85 =0.227 kW/m^2*K

Where:
Vessel wall inside diameter

di = 0.1524 m

Vessel wall outside diameter

do = 0.1542 m

Overflow height

L=0.08

Hot Stream Flowrate: 1.3 L/min (Fares Hesham, @52268)

Data
Fhot
(L/min)
1.32
1.25
1.27

Fcold
Speed
(L/min)
(%)
T1 (C)
T2 (C)
T3 (C)
0.33
0
41.0
45.2
44.9
0.33
50
36.5
45.6
44.7
0.32
100
36.8
46.1
45.2
Table 14: Data for Hot Water Flowrate= 1.3 L/min

T6 (C)
24.8
24.9
24.1

20

Table 15: Constants

Vessel
wall
inside
diamet
er,
di(m)
0.1524

Vessel
wall
outsid
e
diamet
er,
do(m)
0.1542

Vessel
Diameter, dmean
(m)

Length,
L (m)

0.1533

0.08

Results
Table 16: Processed Data for the Jacket at Various Stirrer Speeds
Spe
ed
(%)
0
50
100

Specific Heat of
Hot Fluid,
Cp,h(J/Kg K)
4179
4179
4179

Density of Hot
Fluid(kg/m3)

m jacket
(kg/s)

990.2
990.2
989.9

0.0217
0.0207
0.0209

Q
jacke
t (W)
26.61
75.93
85.35

Table 17: Processed Data for the Tank at Various Stirrer Speeds
Spe
ed
(%)
0

Specific Heat of
Cold Fluid,
Cp,h(J/Kg K)
4178

Density of Cold
Fluid(kg/m3)

mc (kg/s)

991.8

0.006

50

4178

993.5

0.005

100

4178

993.4

0.005

Q
tank
(W)
375.0
5
265.3
4
284.9
3

Table 18: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Jacket at Different Stirrer
Speeds
Spee
d (%)

LM

Area
Jacket

U jacket
(W/m2.K)
21

0
50
100

(m2)
0.039
0.039
0.039

4.00
8.59
8.83

172.56
229.51
250.90

Plot of Uj vs Stirrer Speeds

300.00
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00

20

40

60

80

100

120

Figure 6: Relationship between Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of the

Jacket and Stirrer Speed for Hot Water Flowrate of 1.3 L/min
Sample Calculations:
For data obtained at stirring speed = 0.00%:
1. Tank

991.8 kg
0.33 L
3
m
1 L
Min
1 Min
1000 m3
Cold Water Mass Flowrate:mc = cFcold=
=0.006 kg /s
60 s

0.006 kg
4178 J
s
Qtank=mtankC ptank ( T 1T 6 )=
( 4124.8 ) =375.05 W
kgK

2. Jacket Calculations:

22

990.2 kg
1.32 L
3
m
1 L
Min
1 Min
1000 m3
0.0217 kg
Hot Water Mass Flowrate: mh =hFhot =
=
60 s
s

0.0217 kg
4179 J
s
Q jacket =mhC p h( T 2T 3 ) =
( 45.244.9 ) =26.61W
kgK

3. Overall Calculations

T lm=

d mean=

( T 2T 1 )(T 3T 1) ( 45.241 ) (44.941)

=
=4.00
T 2T 1
45.241
ln (
)
ln
T 3T 1
44.941

d i +d o 0.1524+0.1542
=
=0.1533 m
2
2

Heat Transfer Areaof Wall between jacket vessel , Aj=L d mean=0.15330.08=0.039 m2

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient : U=

Q jacket
26.61 W
172.56W
=
=
A jacket T lm 0.039 m24.00 K
m2 K

23

Discussion
This experiment was designed in order to study the effect of stirrer speed on
the overall heat transfer coefficient of a stirred vessel heated by an outer
jacket using LMTD. It was found that as the stirring speed increases, the
overall heat transfer coefficient also increases due to an increased heat
transfer rate. The effect of flow rate is studied in the following graphs. The
obtained results for 0% stirring speed are tabulated below.
Hot
Thot
Tcold
Qjacket
Ujacket
Water
(J/s)
(W/kgC
Flow
)
Rate
1.3
0.3
16.2
25.84
370.58
1.8
0.1
12.9
121.1
227
2.0
3.2
10.3
445
571
2.1
0.2
8.8
28.94
45.8
2.4
0.5
19.3
82.37
481
Table 19: Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient at different flow rates

In order to compare the data further, each of the four calculations is graphed
against the hot water flow rate:

24

T hot vs. Hot water Flow Rate

3.5
3
2.5
2
delta T hot C 1.5
1
0.5
0
1.2

f(x) = 0.5x - 0.1

R = 0.02
1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

Hot Water Flow Rate L/min

Figure 7: T(hot) vs. Hot Water Flow Rate

T cold vs. Hot water Flow Rate

25
20
15
Delta T cold C 10
5
0
1.2

f(x) = 0.12x + 13.27

R = 0

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

Hot Water Flow Rate L/min

Figure 8: T(cold) vs. Hot Water Flow Rate

The graphs above shows a positive correlation between the flow rate and the
temperature difference of the water within the jacket but a negative
correlation between the flow rate and the temperature difference in the
vessel. This implies that there is heat transfer taking place between the
jacket and the vessel. However, the logical take is that the T cold increases

25

while the Thot decreases, and the discrepancy can be contributed to the
experimental errors caused by the computerized data recording system.

Q jacket vs. How Water Flow Rate

500
400
300
Q jacket W 200
f(x) = 74.54x - 2.47
R = 0.03

100
0
1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

Hot Water Flow Rate L/min

Figure 9: Qjacket vs. Hot Water Flow Rate

U jacket vs. Hot Water Flow Rate

600
500
400
U jacket W/kgC

300

f(x) = 41.62x + 259.16

R = 0.01

200
100
0
1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

Hot Water Flow Rate L/min

Figure 10: U

jacket

vs. Hot Water Flow Rate

The graphs above show that as the hot water flow rate inside the jacket
increases, the heat transfer rate and the overall heat transfer coefficient
both increase. This implies that a higher flow rate results in a higher heat

26

transfer rate, which is a sensible conclusion. However, there are several

experimental outliers, as evident on the graph, which are due to
experimental errors caused by the computerized data recording device.

Conclusion
The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of the
stirring speed and flow rate on the overall heat transfer coefficient of a
jacketed vessel, and this objective was achieved. According to the results, an
increase in either the hot water flow rate or the stirring speed causes the
overall heat transfer coefficient to increase, implying a positive correlation
between the variables. However, as evident in the graphs, there were
several outliers brought about by experimental errors. These errors include:

27

Not waiting for the apparatus to reach steady state before taking the

temperatures
Heat losses to the surroundings
Instrumental errors leading to inaccurate stirring speeds

References
[1] Properties of air-free water at 1 atm. Available [Online]:
http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/javascript/water-properties.html
Retrieved: November 29, 2015.
[2] Aidan, A. 2015. Jacketed vessel with coil and stirrer heat exchanger. CHE 350 Lab Handout.
AUS, Sharjah, UAE.

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