Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Define the following terms: Drainage, Drainage basin, Water divide, River system.
Ans1.Drainage is the river system of an area.
Drainage Basin:-drainage basin is the area which the river is draining. It is basically the path of
a river.
Water Divide:-The point where a river divides and form its distributaries is known as the water
divide. Eg: western Ghats in Peninsular India & Ambala.
River System:-A river along with its tributaries is called the river system.
Q2. Name two groups into which Indian rivers are divided?
Ans2.The Himalayan rivers and the peninsular rivers.
Q3. What are perennial and seasonal rivers? give examples.
Ans3.Perennial rivers are the rivers which receive water throughout the year eg. the Himalayan
rivers like river Ganga, Indus & Brahmaputra.
seasonal rivers are the rivers which receive water in the monsoon season eg. all peninsular rivers
like river Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi etc.
Q4. Write about different Drainage patterns formed by rivers.
.
Ans4.Different drainage patterns formed by rivers are:Dendritic Pattern- It is the branch like pattern formed by the rivers. It is generally formed
where the river channels follows the slope of the terrain.
Trellis pattern-When a river is joined by its tributaries on approximately right angles forms
trellis pattern. It forms where hard & soft rocks exists parallel to each other.
Rectangular Pattern-When a river by joining with its tributaries forms the shape of a rectangle
it forms the rectangular pattern.It develops on strongly joined rocky areas.
Radial pattern-when some rivers flows in different directions from a central peak it forms radial
pattern.
ANS.River Ganga:
The length of river Ganga is over 2500 km.
1.The headwaters of river Ganga are called Bhagirathi and is joined by the river Alaknanada at
Devprayag in Uttaranchal
2.. Ganga is fed by Gangotri glacier
3. At Haridwar Ganga emerges on the plains from the mountains.
4.The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from Himalayas, some of them being Yamuna,
Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi.
The tributaries coming from Peninsular uplands are the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son.
5. The Ganga flows eastwards till Farakka in West Bengal. this is northern most point of ganga
delta. the river bifurcates here: Bhagirathi- Hoogly.
6.Ganga flows southwards through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal.
--the mainstream, flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra. further
down stream, it is known as the Meghna. this mighty river,with waters from the Ganga,and the
Brahmaputra,flows into Bay of Bengal. the delta formed is called Sunderban delta.
The Brahmputra river.
SOURCE OF RIVER:the
brahmputra rises in Tibet east
of Mansarowar lake very close
to the sources of the Indus and
Satluj.
MOUTH OF RIVER: it joins
Ganga river in Bangladesh and
form a delta called
sunderban'........it flows down
in Bay of Bengal
DRAINAGE AREA: it flows
eastwards to parallel to the
Himalayas. on reaching the
Namcha Barwa[7757m],it takes a u' turn and enters india in Arunachal Pradesh through a
gorge .here it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit and many other
tributaries to form the Brahmputra in Assam.
SPECIAL FEATURE:in Tibet the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a
cold and a dry area. in India it passes through a region of high rainfall.the Brahmaputra has a
braided channel .in it entire length in Assam and forms many riverrine islands.
Q7. Write about river systems of Narmada and Tapi
Ans1: THE NARMADA
a) Narmada river rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.
b) It flows into the Arabian sea in the west.
c) It's basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
d) The Narmada creates many beautiful& picturesque locations.
e) All tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right
angles.
THE TAPI
a) Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.
b) It flows into the Arabian sea.
c) Its basin covers parts of MP, Gujarat, Maharashtra.
d) The coastal plains between western ghats & Arabian sea are very narrow, hence, this river is
very short.
Q8.Distinguish between the Himalayan and Peninsular river systems
2.During heavy rainfall, it prervents flooding and during the dry season,I t helps to maintain an
even flow of water.
3.Lakes can also be used for developing hydel power.
4.They moderate the climate of the surroundings and maintain the aquatic eco system.
5. Enhance natural beauty, help develop tourism and provide recreation.
Q12- Write a short note on River Pollution.
Ans- The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from rivers
naturally affects the Quality of water. As a result, more and more water is being drained out of
the rivers reducing their volume.
--This affects not only the quality of water but also self-cleansing capacity of the river.
--The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation do not allow it to happen and the pollution
level of many rivers has been rising.
-- Concern over rising pollution in our rivers lead to the launching of various action plans to
clean the rivers as Ganga Action Plan, Cleaning of river Yamuna etc.
OR
Q13. What are the causes of river water pollution?
Ans.Causes of water pollution:
1.A heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers.
2.The increasing urbanisation and industrialisation do not allow self-cleansing of rivers to
happen and the pollution level of many rivers has been rising.