CHAPTER 13

MATRICES
13.1

Identity Matrix
a)

If AI = IA = A, where A is any square matrix, then I is an identity or

unit matrix.
1
I =
0

b)

13.2

13.3

Enrich

is a 2 x 2 identity matrix.

Inverse Matrix
b

a
If A =
c

b)

When ad bc 0, the expression ad bc is the determinant of matrix A.

c)

A 1 does not exist if the determinant is zero.

1
ad bc

, then inverse of A , A 1 =

a)

Matrix Equations
Important concept.
the two linear simultaneous
ax + by = p
cx + dy = q
can be changed into matrix form:
a b x
p

c d y
q

13.3.1 Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations

Example 1 :

Example 2 :

2x + y = 2
7x + 3y = 6
2
1 x

=
7 3 y
6

2x y = 2
7x + 3y = 6
2
1 x

=
3 y
7
6

Example 3 :

2x + y
-7x + 3y
2
1

7 3

Example 4 :
= 2
= 6
x
2
=
y
6

Questions based on Examination Format

Matrices

2x + y
7x 3y
2
1

7 3

= 2
= 6
x
2
=
y
6

Enrich

Example :

1 2

Find the inverse matrix of

5 8
ii)
Using matrices, calculate the value of k dan m which satisfy the
following matrix equation :
1 2 k 1

5 8 m 11
Solution :
1
1
8 2
1 2

i)
=
1( 8) ( 2)(5) 5 1
5 8

i)

=
ii)

1
8 10
1 8

2 5
1

=
11

2 k

8 m
k 1

=
m 5

k
1

=
m
2

k
1 8

2 5
m

11

2 1

1 11

( 8)(1) 2(11)

( 5)(1) 1(11)

k
1

=
2
m

8 22

5 11

k 7

=
m 3

1
2

14

14

= 2
6
2

hence k = 7 and m = 3

5 4
1 0
, find the matrix F such that EF =

1) a) Given that E is the matrix

4 3
0 1
b) Using matrices, calculate the values of m and n which satisfy the following matrix
equation.

Matrices

Enrich

2)

3
When solving the matrix equation
2
x
1 p q 12
=

k r s 11
y
a) Find the values of k, p, q, r and s.
b) Hence, find the values of x and y

3) a)
b)

4)

a)
b)

5)

4 m 6

=

3 n 2
0

x 12
=
, it is found that
y 11

3 4

Find the inverse matrix of G =

2
1
Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following
equations.
3x 4y = 7
x + 2y = 4

4
Given that the inverse matrix of
3

is

7 , state the value of h and k.

4

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following
equations.
4x + 5y = -1
3x + 2y = 8

1
m 1
1 n
and the inverse matrix of F is

,
a) Given that F is the matrix
10 10 5
10 n
find the value of m and n.
b) Hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation.
x 4
F =
y 6

Matrices

Enrich

6)

a)
b)

7)

a)
b)

8)

1
1
1 1 m
and the inverse matrix of M is

,
Given that M is the matrix
k n 1
3 1
Find the values of k, m and n
hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation.
x 3

M =
y 5

5
Given that E =
3

a)
b)
c)

9)

1 1

Find the inverse matrix of

8
6
Hence, calculate the values of h and k which satisfy the following matrix equation.
1 1 h 2

8 k 15
6

a)
b)

Matrices

4
k

and F =
2

8
,
10

4 0

Find the value of k where EF =

0 4
State the inverse matrix of E
Hence, using matrices, find the value of x and y which satisfy the following matrix
equations.
5 4 x 6

=
3 2 y 4

1
2
4 1
is m
, find the value of m and p.
The inverse matrix of
2
3 4
p
Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y which satisfy the following simultaneous
linear equations.
2x + y = 4
3x 4y = 17

Enrich

3 4
, find the inverse matrix of M
10) a) It is given that matrix M =
1 2
b) Using matrices, find the values of x and y which satisfy the following equations.
3x + 4y = -11
x + 2y = -7

PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS

November 2003
1.

3 2
1 0
=

M is a matrix where M
5 4
0 1
a) Find the matrix M
b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation.
3x 2y = 7
5x 4y = 9
Hence, calculate the values of x and y using matrices.

( 6 marks )

July 2004
2.

2 3
.
a) Find the inverse matrix of
5 6
b) Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y thay satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations:
2x 3 y 1
5x 6 y 2

( 6 marks )
November 2004

Matrices

Enrich

3.

3
a) The inverse matrix of
5

b)

6
is m
6
5

, find the value of m and of p.

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following
simultaneous linear equations.
3x 4y = -1
5x 6y = 2
( 6 marks )

July 2005
4.

1 2
1 0
P

P is a 2 x 2 matrix such that

4
3
0 1
a) Find the matrix P
b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation:
x 2y 8
3x 4 y 6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )
November 2005
5.

2 5
3
and matrix Q = k
It is given that matrix P =
3
1
1
1 0

PQ =
0 1
a) Find the value of k and of h

b)

such that

Using matrices, find the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous
linear equations :
2x 5y = -17
x + 3y = 8
( 6 marks )

July 2006
6.

3 4
.
It is given that matrix M =
2
1
(a)
Find the inverse matrix of M
(b)
Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
3x 4 y 13
x 2y 6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )

Matrices

Enrich

November 2006
7.

(a)

It is given that 1

n is inverse matrix of

2
(b)

. Find the value of n.

2

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

3u 4v 5
u 2v 2

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of u and of v

( 6 marks )

Jun 2007
8.

1 2
.
a) Find the inverse matrix of
4
3
b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
x 2y 4

3x 4 y 2

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )

November 2007
9.

(a)
(b)

1 0
1 4 2 n 2

. Find the values of m and n.
m 5 3 5 4
0 1
Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y that satisfy the following matrix
equation.

Given

2 x
1
=
3 y
2

( 7 marks )
Jun 2008

Matrices

Enrich

10.

1
p

2 1

1 3

1

4
0

. Find the value of p and q.

(a)

Given that

(b)

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

x 2y 2
3 x 4 y 11

( 7 marks )
November 2008
11.

2 3
1 7
is k m

4 7

The inverse matrix of

(c)
(d)

Find the value of m and of k.

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:
2 x 3 y 1
4x 7 y 5

Hence, using matrix method, calculate the value of x and of y.

( 6 marks )

Matrices

Enrich

ANSWERS
QUESTIONS ACCORDING TO EXAMINATION FORMAT.
3
1) a)
4

1
1 8

2 6 1
1
3
b) h =
,k=
2
2

6) a)

b) m = -26, n = 24
2) a) k = -9, p = -3, q = 0, r = -2, s = 3
b) x = 4, y = -1
3) a)
b)

4) a)
b)

1
10

x = 3, y =

7)

8)

b)

2
3
,k=
7
7
x = 6, y = -5
h=

m = 5, n = 4

b)

x = 1, y = -1

a) k = 6

4
1 2

5
2 3
c) x = 2, y = -1
1
9) a) m =
, p = -3
11
b) x = 3, y = -2

1
2

5) a)

a) k = 4, m = -1, n = 3
b) x = 2, y = 1

10)

1 2
3
a) 1

2 2
b) x = 3 , y = -5

PAST YEAR SPM QUESTIONS

1 4 2

2 5 3
3
1 6

2
3 5
1 6 4

2 5 3
2
1 4

10 3 1
1
k=
, h=5
11
4
1 2

10 1 3

1.

a)

2.

a)

3.

a)

4.

a)

5.

a)

6.

a)

7.

a) n =

Matrices

3
2

b)

2 x
7
, x = 5 , y = 4
4 y
9

b) x = -4, y = 3
11
2
8
, x = 2, y = -3
6

b) x = 5, y =
1 2

b)
3 4

b) x = -1, y = 3
3 4

b)
1 2
3 4

b)
1 2

u
5
3

, x = 3, y =
2
v
2
u
5
1

, u = -1, v =
2
v
2

Enrich

1 4 2

10 3 1

8.

a)

9.

a) m = 2, n = 3

10.

a) p = 10, q = 3

11.

a) k = 2, m = - 4

Matrices

b) x = 2, y = -1

1
3
, y=
2
2
1
b) x = 3, y =
2

b) x =

b) x = -11, y = 7

10