CH4-2 :Design of Vertical Drop Weir:

Ex. Design a vertical drop weir for the following data :

High flood flow (Q) in the river

2680 m3/s

Average level of the bed river

278m

High flood level of the river before construction

285 m

Full Supply level (FSL) in the main canal

283.5 m

Alluvial and silty bed river ,Safe exit gradient

Retrogression of the bed river

0.5m

Silt factor (f)

Permissible afflux

1m

Losses in the main canal Regulator

0.5m

Solution:

1- Waterway (L):

Use lacey wetted perimeter equation: P =4.83 Q = 4.83 2680 = 250m

L= (1-1.2) p, this means L between 250m to 300m. Take waterway width (L) =250m.
2- Crest Level:

qavg (average discharge intensity) =

,
and

=
.

.
= .

) =
/

m3/s/m

,then

DS HFL = River HFL before construction = 285 m

) = .
= .

US HFL = DS HFL + Afflux = 285 + 1 =286 m

US TEL = US HFL + V2/2g = 286 +0.14 = 286.14m

DS TEL = DS HFL + V2/2g = 285 +0.14 = 285.14m
Actual DS HFL =285-0.5 = 284.5 m

US bed level = river bed level = 278m

The discharge intensity per unit width over the crest is given by:

q = C He 3/2 for weir qact = qavg 10.72 = 1.7 *He 3/2 He = 3.41 m
Crest level of the weir = US TEL-He = 286.14 3.41= 282.73 m

Pond level at US of the weir = [Full Supply level (FSL) + Losses] in the main canal Regulator
Pond level at US of the weir = 283.5 + 0.5 = 284 m

Pond level is higher than crest level of the weir this difference will be controlled by crest shutter:
Height of crest shutter (S) = pond level crest level= 284 - 282.73 =1.27m

Height of weir crest wall = crest level US floor bed level = 282.73 - 278 = 4.73 m
3- Design of Crest Wall :

Top width of the crest wall (a) will the greatest of the followings
=

, and

Where Gs is the specific gravity of the concrete =2.24

From above equations a = 2.278m, 2.283m, and 2.27m respectively, provide a = 3 m

B: is bottom width of the crest wall, and can be calculated by equating the over turning moment
(Mo) about the base of the crest wall with the resisting moment (Mr) about the outer third point
of the base of crest wall for two cases:
- Static condition (no flow to DS):
=

( .

= .
=

where w : Unit weight of the water = 1 ton /m3

= .

.
+

}=

= .

- For dynamic condition when HFL flow passing over the weir and the weir crest is submerged:

d = water head over crest = US HFL Crest level = 286 282.73 = 3.27 m
=

= .
=

= .

+
{

US pond level = 284m

US

S= 1.27m

}=

}
a=3m

= .

( .

Crest Shutter

Crest level = 282.73m

DS

H= 4.73m

US bed level = 278m

B= 6m

Weir Crest Wall

4 Flow Condition: HFL flow with 0.5m retrogression:

Water levels: US HFL = 286 m, DS HFL = 284.5m

USTEL = 286.14m, DSTEL = 284.5+0.14 = 284.64m

HL= USTEL - DSTEL = 286.14 284.64 =1.5 m and q = 10.72 m3/sec/m

From hydraulic jump curves or tables Ef2 =4.45m, Ef1= 5.95, D1 = 1.1m, D2 = 4.1m
Level of jump = US TEL Ef1 = DS TEL Ef2 = 286.14 -5.95 = 280.19 m
Provide DS bed level the same as US bed level (river bed level) = 278 m
DS floor length = 5 (D2-D1) = 15 m
5 Depth of Sheet piles:

a- US sheet pile depth = (1.0-1.25) R, take 1.25 R = 1.25 (6.563) = 8.2m

Bottom level of US sheet pile = US HFL XR = 286 8.2 = 277.8 m

Depth of US sheet pile from US bed level (d1) = US bed level- bottom level of US sheet pile
Bottom level of US sheet pile =278 -2= 276 m

= 278-277.2 = 0.8 m. provide d1= 2m

b -DS sheet pile depth = (1.25-1.5)R ,take 1.5 R = 1.5 (6.563) = 9.84 m
Bottom level of DS sheet pile = DS HFL XR = 284.5-9.84= 274.66 m

Depth of DS sheet pile from DS bed level (d2) = DS bed level- bottom level of DS sheet pile
= 278-274.66 = 3.34 m. Provide d2 = 4 m

Bottom level of DS sheet pile =278 -4 = 274 m

5- Total length of impervious floor:
=

H: max static head = pond level DS bed level = 284 - 278 = 6 m

d2 = DS sheet pile depth = 4 m, and safe GE = 1/4.5
From above equation = 4.616
and

= .

Min. total floor length (b) = * d2 = 8.17 * 4 = 32.68 m provide b = 33 m

Detail of the floor:

DS floor length =15m

Crest wall bottom width (B) = 6m

US floor length = 33 - (15+6) = 12 m

US pond level = 284m

Crest Shutter

Crest level = 282.73m

US
US bed level = 278m

d1= 2m
0.5

DS bed level = 278m

3m

276m

11.5m

DS

274m
6m

14.5m

d2= 4m
0.5

b = 33m

6- Uplift pressure calculation: use Khosla method;

a- US end sheet pile:

C = 0

= .

}= .
}= .

E1 = 1- C = 1, D1 = 1- D= 1-0.153 = 0.847,and C1 = 1- E= 1-0.22= 0.78

b- DS end sheet pile:

= .

C2 = 0

= .

}= .
}=

Corrections:

a- Corrections for thickness: assume thickness of US floor end = 1m and thickness of US

floor end = 1.5m
For C1:

For E2 :

)
)

(
(

)
)

=
=

( .
. ( .

= .

= .

(+

)
(

)
4

c- Corrections due the interference of piles:

= .

For C1: d= (278-1)-276 = 1 m, D= (278-1)-274= 3m & b` = 33-2*0.5= 32m, and b=33m

(

= .

= .

(+

For E2 : d= (278-1.5) 274 = 2.5m, D= (278-1.5) 276 = 0.5m , b` = 32m, and b=33m
(

= .

= .

Corrected values of coefficient of pressure at key points are:

C1 = 0.78+0.0335 +0.00705 0.82

E2 = 0.306 - 0.0352 - 0.00216 0.268

8- Thickness of Floor:

a- US floor: No need for thickness because of water weight, provide 1m as min. thickness
b- DS floor will be designed according to max static head (no flow):
H: max static head = pond level DS bed level = 284 - 278 = 6 m
-

at 4m from DS floor end:

. +

. +

Uplift pressure (U4) = 4 * H = 0.328 * 6 = 1.968 m

= .

Unbalanced static head (h4) = U4 (elevation of point 4- DS BL) = 1.968 (278 278 ) = 1.968 m
=

=(

= .

at 7m from DS floor end:

. +

. +

Uplift pressure (U7) = 7 * H = 0.38 * 6 = 2.28 m

= .

Unbalanced static head (h7) = U7 (elevation of point 7 - DS BL) = 2.28 (278 278) = 2.28 m
=
-

=(

= .

. +

at 11m from DS floor end:

Uplift pressure (U11) = 11 * H = 0.45 * 6 = 2.7 m

. +

= .

Unbalanced static head (h11) = U11 (elevation of point 11 - DS BL) = 2.7 (278 278) = 2.7 m
=

=(

= .

at 15m from DS floor end:

. +

. +

Uplift pressure (U15) = 15 * H = 0.518 * 6 = 3.108 m

= .

Unbalanced static head (h15) = U15 (elevation of point 15 -DS BL)

=

=(

= .

= 3.108 (278 278)= 3.108 m

,

,extend this thickness to 3m under the

crest wall and provide 1.5 m thickness for the other (3m) under crest wall.
7- Design of protection works:

a- US protection works: D (scour depth from US floor level) = d1 =2m

- Block protection: length = D = 2 m, use cubic concrete blocks (0.8*0.8*0.6) m over 0.4 m thick
of loose stone: Total thickness = 0.6+0.4 = 1 m
No. of block rows required =

= .

rows provide 3 rows

Actual length of Block protection = 3*0.8 = 2.4 m

-Lunching apron: volume = 2.25 D = 2.25 (2) = 4.5 m3/m

Using the thickness = 1.0 m the same as block protection thickness

Length =

= .

- DS protection works: D (scour depth from DS floor level) = d2 =4 m

- Inverted filter: length = 1.5 D = 6 m

Use cubic concrete blocks (0.8*0.8 *0.6) m over 0.4 m thick of graded gravel filter and provide
0.1 m joints between blocks filled with filter material.
Total thickness = 0.6+0.4 = 1 m
No. of block rows required = (

. )

Actual length = 7 *(0.8 + 0.1) = 6.3 m

= .

-Lunching apron: volume = 2.25 D = 2.25 (4) = 9 m3/m

Using the thickness = 1 m the same as inverted filter thickness

Length =

Provide 0.4m wide masonry toe wall over (0.8*0.5) m (1:2:4) plain concrete footing.

US TEL = 286.14m

US Wing

wall level = 287m

US HFL = 286m

US pond level = 284m

Lunching Block
protection
apron
4.5m

1m

1m

US Protection works
0.5

3m

278m

15
1.5

276m

wall level = 285.5m

DS TEL = 284.64m

DS HFL = 284.5m
Crest level = 282.73m

US

2.4m

DS Wing

2.6

DS

11

2.25

4m

Inverted filter
6.3m

0.4m

Lunching apron

278m

9m

1m

1.6m
DS Protection works

12m

3m

3m

14.5m

0.5m

274m

Vertical Drop Weir Section A-A

US Sheet pile

Design of Vertical Drop Weir (Plan)

US Wing

wall

Crest Shutter

DS Sheet pile

287m

Flow

2.4m

US Protection works

0.5m
12m

US concrete floor

wall

DS

0.5
4.5m

DS Toe

278m

282.73m

L = 250 m

US

wall

285.5m

Crest wall

278

DS Wing

3m

3m

Crest wall

15m
DS concrete floor

6.3m

0.4

9m

DS Protection works