Aquanex Research Findings and Related Articles.

Aquanex has been used in a variety of clinical and research projects in swimming and
aquatic therapy over the last 20 years. Aquanex has been used in a variety of clinical and
research projects in swimming and aquatic therapy over the last 20 years. Aquanex
sensors measured force on the hands, feet, paddles, fins, and several types of aquatic
exercise equipment. Aquanex sensors measured force on the hands, feet, paddles, fins,
and several types of aquatic exercise equipment. Many of the studies have resulted in
presentations and publications. Many of the studies have resulted in presentations and
publications. Copies of most manuscripts are available on request. Copies of most
manuscripts are available on request.

Aquanex data are reliable and valid. Aquanex data are reliable and valid.
The initial research on Aquanex showed that the system was reliable (measured the same
value on repeated trials) and valid (measured the value that it was meant to measure). The
initial research on Aquanex showed that the system was reliable (measured the same
value on repeated trials) and valid (measured the value that it was meant to measure). The
validity was supported by a series of three experiments that found a greater force value: for
competitive swimmers than recreational swimmers; for swimmers treated with an
instructional intervention than without the intervention; and after being coached than
before. The validity was supported by a series of three experiments that found a greater
force value: for competitive swimmers than recreational swimmers; for swimmers treated
with an instructional intervention than without the intervention; and after being coached
than before.
Havriluk, R. (1988). Havriluk, R. (1988). Validation of a criterion measure for swimming
technique. Journal of Swimming Research , 4 (4), 11-16. Validation of a criterion measure
for swimming technique. Journal of Swimming Research, 4 (4), 11-16.

Faster swimmers have a more effective technique than slower swimmers. Faster
swimmers have a more effective technique than slower swimmers.
Faster swimmers were found to have a more effective technique than slower swimmers, as
indicated by a lower active drag coefficient. Faster swimmers were found to have a more
effective technique than slower swimmers, as indicated by a lower active drag coefficient.
The results also showed an improvement in technique with age. The results also showed
an improvement in technique with age. However, the improvement leveled off for
teenagers, showing a need for continued technique analysis and instruction. However, the
improvement leveled off for teenagers, showing a need for continued technique analysis
and instruction. The coefficient of active drag was found to be a valid measure for the
effectiveness of swimming technique. The coefficient of active drag was found to be a valid
measure for the effectiveness of swimming technique.
Havriluk, R. (2003). Performance level differences in swimming drag coefficient. Havriluk,
R. (2003). Performance level differences in swimming drag coefficient. In VIIth IOC
Olympic World Congress on Sport Sciences . In VIIth IOC Olympic World Congress on
Sport Sciences. Athens: IOC Medical Commission, 93E. Athens: IOC Medical
Commission, 93E.

Hand force is directly related to swimming velocity. Hand force is directly related to
swimming velocity.
As swimmers increased their hand force, they swam faster. As swimmers increased their
hand force, they swam faster. Swimmers with higher hand force values swam faster than
swimmers with lower values. Swimmers with higher hand force values swam faster than
swimmers with lower values. There was a quadratic relationship between hand force and
swimming velocity. There was a quadratic relationship between hand force and swimming
velocity. Technique analysis and instruction must be directed at increasing force
throughout the entire stroke cycle. Technique analysis and instruction must be directed at
increasing force throughout the entire stroke cycle.
Havriluk, R. (2004). Havriluk, R. (2004). Hand force and swimming velocity. Hand force
and swimming velocity. In 15 th FINA World Sports Medicine Congress . In 15 th FINA
World Sports Medicine Congress. Indianapolis. Indianapolis.

Swimming technique and velocity improve rapidly with a comprehensive program of

analysis and instruction. Swimming technique and velocity improve rapidly with a
comprehensive program of analysis and instruction.
The results demonstrate that even a relatively short duration of carefully targeted
instruction can make a meaningful improvement in technique (as measured by the active
drag coefficient) and performance (as measured by swimming velocity). The results
demonstrate that even a relatively short duration of carefully targeted instruction can make
a meaningful improvement in technique (as measured by the active drag coefficient) and
performance (as measured by swimming velocity). A complete program includes force and
video analysis, visual and kinesthetic cue instruction, practice at a slow enough speed to
allow control, and individual feedback. A complete program includes force and video
analysis, visual and kinesthetic cue instruction, practice at a slow enough speed to allow
control, and individual feedback.
Havriluk, R. (2006). Havriluk, R. (2006). Magnitude of the effect of an instructional
intervention on swimming technique and performance. Magnitude of the effect of an
instructional intervention on swimming technique and performance. In JP Vilas-Boas, F.
Alves, A. Marques (Eds.), Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X. Portuguese Journal
of Sport Sciences , 6 (Suppl. 2), 218-220. In JP Vilas-Boas, F. Alves, A. Marques (Eds.),
Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming X. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 6
(Suppl. 2), 218-220.

Anterior-posterior muscular imbalances in swimmers are substantial. Anterior-

posterior muscular imbalances in swimmers are substantial.
A training regimen that strengthens the arm abductors may not only decrease the
incidence of injuries in all four strokes, but also increase hand force and, therefore, improve
performance in backstroke. A training regimen that strengthens the arm abductors may not
only decrease the incidence of injuries in all four strokes, but also increase hand force and,
therefore, improve performance in backstroke.
Becker, T., & Havriluk, R. (2006). Becker, T., & Havriluk, R. (2006). Bilateral and anterior-
posterior muscular imbalances in swimmers. Bilateral and anterior-posterior muscular
imbalances in swimmers. In JP Vilas-Boas, F. Alves, A. Marques (Eds.), Biomechanics
and Medicine in Swimming X. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences , 6 (Suppl. 2), 327-
328. In JP Vilas-Boas, F. Alves, A. Marques (Eds.), Biomechanics and Medicine in
Swimming X. Portuguese Journal of Sport Sciences, 6 (Suppl. 2), 327-328.

Hand force analysis reveals limiting factors in the fastest swimmers. Hand force
analysis reveals limiting factors in the fastest swimmers.
An analysis of the pattern of application of hand force can reveal bilateral differences, force
losses, and wasted motion. An analysis of the pattern of application of hand force can
reveal bilateral differences, force losses, and wasted motion. These factors were found on
even the world's fastest swimmers. These factors were found on even the world's fastest
swimmers. Synchronized underwater video and hand force data shows the changes in arm
motion necessary to swim faster. Synchronized underwater video and hand force data
shows the changes in arm motion necessary to swim faster.
Havriluk, R. (1998). Hand force analysis in swimming . Havriluk, R. (1998). Hand force
analysis in swimming. Invited presentation at II Encontro de Tecnicos de Esportes
Aquaticos, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, August. Invited presentation at II Encontro de Tecnicos
de Esportes Aquaticos, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, August.
Havriluk, R. (2006). Havriluk, R. (2006). Analyzing hand force in swimming: three typical
limiting factors. American Swimming Magazine , 2006 (3), 14-18. Analyzing hand force in
swimming: three typical limiting factors. American Swimming Magazine, 2006 (3), 14-18.
Bilateral symmetry in hand force helps to maximize propulsion and minimize
resistance. Bilateral symmetry in hand force helps to maximize propulsion and
minimize resistance.
A synchronized underwater video and force analysis is necessary to quantify asymmetries.
A synchronized underwater video and force analysis is necessary to quantify asymmetries.
The use of visual and kinesthetic cues can help swimmers minimize these differences. The
use of visual and kinesthetic cues can help swimmers minimize these differences.
Improving bilateral symmetry in hand force will improve performance. Improving bilateral
symmetry in hand force will improve performance.
Havriluk, R. (2007). Havriluk, R. (2007). Analyzing hand force in swimming: Bilateral
symmetry. American Swimming Magazine . 2007 (1), 34-38. Analyzing hand force in
swimming: Bilateral symmetry. American Swimming Magazine. 2007 (1), 34-38.
Technique analysis and instruction improves performance far more than swimsuit
design. Technique analysis and instruction improves performance far more than
swimsuit design.
One week of a comprehensive program of technique analysis and instruction had an effect
on the active drag coefficient that was 3.5 times as great as the effect from wearing a
Fastskin®. One week of a comprehensive program of technique analysis and instruction
had an effect on the active drag coefficient that was 3.5 times as great as the effect from
wearing a Fastskin ®. While swimsuit design may make an immediate but minimal
improvement, technique adjustments produce much greater though more gradual gains.
While swimsuit design may make an immediate but minimal improvement, technique
adjustments produce much greater though more gradual gains.
Havriluk, R. (2007). Havriluk, R. (2007). Improving performance in swimming: Swimsuit
and technique resistance factors. Swimming in Australia , 24 (1), 22-23. Improving
performance in swimming: Swimsuit and technique resistance factors. Swimming in
Australia, 24 (1), 22-23.

Technology and strategies expedite skill learning. Technology and strategies

expedite skill learning.
An evaluation of swimmers' skill level (basic, intermediate, or advanced) makes the
appropriate technology more evident. An evaluation of swimmers' skill level (basic,
intermediate, or advanced) makes the appropriate technology more evident.
Complementary strategies expedite the learning process - an optimal biomechanical
model; visual and kinesthetic cues that complement the model; synchronized underwater
video and force analysis; short swims at a slow speed with limited breathing; drills that
isolate key technique elements; reminders before a swim and feedback immediately after.
Complementary strategies expedite the learning process - an optimal biomechanical
model; visual and kinesthetic cues that complement the model; synchronized underwater
video and force analysis; short swims at a slow speed with limited breathing; drills that
isolate key technique elements; reminders before a swim and. feedback immediately after.
Havriluk, R. (2008). Improving performance in swimming: Technology and learning
strategies. Swimming World Magazine , 49 (3), 37-38. Havriluk, R. (2008). Improving
performance in swimming: Technology and learning strategies. Swimming World
Magazine, 49 (3), 37-38.

B reaststroke pullout is faster with a dolphin kick. B reaststroke pullout is faster with
a dolphin kick.
A dolphin kick during a breaststroke pullout provides a significant advantage over the
traditional no-dolphin kick pullout. The advantage comes from enhanced propulsion from
the kick but not the pull. A dolphin kick during a breaststroke pullout provides a significant
advantage over the traditional no-dolphin kick pullout. The advantage comes from
enhanced propulsion from the kick but not the pull.
McLean, SP, Havriluk , R., & Brandt, S. (2008). Effect of adding a dolphin kick to a
breaststroke pullout. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , in press. McLean, SP,
Havriluk, R., & Brandt, S. (2008). Effect of adding a dolphin kick to a breaststroke pullout.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, in press.
Strength increases with aquatic rehabilitation. Strength increases with aquatic
rehabilitation.
T he validity of Aquanex was also demonstrated in aquatic rehab. T he validity of Aquanex
was also demonstrated in aquatic rehab. A series of experiments demonstrated a strength
increase as an expected benefit of a rehab program using Aquanex to measure the
improvement. A series of experiments demonstrated a strength increase as an expected
benefit of a rehab program using Aquanex to measure the improvement.
Prins, JH & Havriluk, R. (1991). Measurement of changes in muscular strength in aquatic
rehabilitation . Prins, JH & Havriluk, R. (1991). Measurement of changes in muscular
strength in aquatic rehabilitation. Paper presented at the XIIth International Congress on
Biomechanics, Perth, Australia, December. Paper presented at the XIIth International
Congress on Biomechanics, Perth, Australia, December.
Luis, C. (1992). Luis, C. (1992). Rowdy Gaines: only a few laps from recovery. Swim , 8
(2), 22-26. Rowdy Gaines: only a few laps from recovery. Swim, 8 (2), 22-26.
Prins, JH, Merritt, DJ, Blancq, RJ, Goebert, DA, & Hartung, GH (1992). Prins, JH, Merritt,
DJ, Blancq, RJ, Goebert, DA, & Hartung, GH (1992). Effects of aquatic exercise training on
muscle force in sedentary persons with polio disability. Effects of aquatic exercise training
on muscle force in sedentary persons with polio disability. (Abstract) Medicine and Science
in Sports and Exercise , 24 (5), S34. (Abstract) Medicine and Science in Sports and
Exercise, 24 (5), S34.
Prins, JH, Hartung, GH, Merritt, DJ, Blancq, RJ, & Goebert, DA (1994). Prins, JH, Hartung,
GH, Merritt, DJ, Blancq, RJ, & Goebert, DA (1994). Effects of aquatic exercise training in
persons with poliomyelitis disability. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation , 5 , 1-11.
Effects of aquatic exercise training in persons with poliomyelitis disability. Sports Medicine,
Training and Rehabilitation, 5, 1-11.
Prins, JH, & Lally, DA (1995). The measurement of applied hydrodynamic forces in aquatic
rehabilitation. Paper presented at the XIIth World Congress of IFPMR, Sydney, Australia,
March. Prins, JH, & Lally, DA (1995). The measurement of applied hydrodynamic forces in
aquatic rehabilitation. Paper presented at the XIIth World Congress of IFPMR, Sydney,
Australia, March.

Summary Summary.
Research supports Aquanex as a dependable method for analyzing swimming and aquatic
therapy. Research supports Aquanex as a dependable method for analyzing swimming
and aquatic therapy. The studies also show that technique is related to swimming velocity
and that technique improvements will make swimmers go faster. The studies also show
that technique is related to swimming velocity and that technique improvements will make
swimmers go faster. It is important for swimmers continue to receive an adequate amount
of technique analysis and instruction as they progress through the teenage years. It is
important for swimmers continue to receive an adequate amount of technique analysis and
instruction as they progress through the teenage years. A complete instructional program
includes force and video analysis, visual and kinesthetic cues, practice at a slow enough
speed to allow control, and individual feedback. A complete instructional program includes
force and video analysis, visual and kinesthetic cues, practice at a slow enough speed to
 allow control, and individual feedback. Complementary strength training must target
muscles used to exert force on the water and muscles that keep a swimmer structurally
balanced. Complementary strength training must target muscles used to exert force on the
water and muscles that keep a swimmer structurally balanced.

Related Research Related Research.

Havriluk, R. (2007). Havriluk, R. (2007). Variability in measurement of swimm ing forces: A
meta-analysis of passive and active drag. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78
(2), 32-39 . Variability in measurement of swimm ing forces: A meta-analysis of passive
and active drag. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78 (2), 32-39.
Havriluk, R. (2005). Performance level differences in swimming: A meta-analysis of passive
drag force. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport , 76 (2), 112-118. Havriluk, R.
(2005). Performance level differences in swimming: A meta-analysis of passive drag force.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 76 (2), 112-118.
For more information: info@swimmingtechnology.com or call 850-385-9803 in the USA For more
information:. Info@swimmingtechnology.com. or call 850-385-9803 in the USA