Warm Up

Mystery Wednesday | September 28, 2016

Solve the following riddles:
1. A father and his son were driving one night and got into a terrible
accident. The father was killed and the son badly injured. The son
was rushed to the hospital emergency room where the doctor
hurried in only to cry, "Oh no! That's my son!!" Why?
2. John and Mary are lying dead on the floor of the apartment they

live in. The only evidence recovered from the damp carpet is
broken glass shards and cat hair. How did John and Mary die?
3. A lady is lying in bed and she is dead. Beside the bed is a pool of

liquid and two pieces of wood. How did she die?

SATWOTD

Jubilation (n)
Laughing
always
puts me in
a jubilant
mood.

A feeling of extreme joy

Fingerprints 101
Unit 2: Impression Evidence Fingerprints

Agenda
Warm Up/SATWOTD
Test Return & Data Tracking (Will do Friday)
Begin Impression Evidence
Unit 2: Intro Fingerprints
Inquiry Activity #1

Essential Vocabulary
Arch: a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern

originates from one side of the print and leaves from the
other side
Fingerprint: an impression left on any surface that
consists of patterns made by the ridges
on a finger
Loop: a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern
flows inward and returns in the direction of the origin
Whorl: a fingerprint pattern that resembles a bulls-eye

Before we go any further...

What do you know about fingerprints?
What do you WANT to know about fingerprints?

Use your markers, crayons, pencils from the table pack

and post your thoughts to the anchor charts in the
windows! (5 min)

Mark Twain...
Every human being carries with him from his cradle
to his grave, certain physical marks which do not
change their character, and by which he can always
be identifiedand that without shade of doubt or
question. These marks are his signature, his
physiological autograph, so to speak, and this
autograph cannot be counterfeited, nor can he
disguise it or hide it away, nor can it become illegible
by the wear and mutations of time.

 No one is sure how Mark Twain

learned that fingerprints made

good forensic evidence, but he
used them in his book to
dramatically solve a case in which
identical twins were falsely
accused of murder.
Fingerprints as a means to

identify individuals was a major

breakthrough in forensic science
in real life, as well as in novels,
and it gave law enforcement
around the world a new tool to
solve crimes, clear the innocent,
and convict the guilty.

Think about it

It is your first year at college and there is a break-in at the

dorm. Fingerprints have been left at the crime scene.

Based on this evidence, you are brought in for questioning.

If the police are accusing you of stealing the missing items from
the dorm based on the presence of your fingerprints, what
arguments could you present to support your innocence?

Quick Independent Notes

Q: What are Fingerprints?

An animal's external tissue (skin)

consists of (a) an inner dermis and

(b) an outer epidermis.
The creation of fingerprints occurs

in the basal layer of the epidermis

where new skin cells are produced.
Because the basal layer grows
faster than the others, it
collapses, forming intricate
shapes.

Q: What are Fingerprints?

All fingers, toes, feet, and

palms are covered in

small ridges.
These ridges are arranged

in connected units called

dermal (friction) ridge.
These ridges help us get

or keep our grip on

objects

Q: What are Fingerprints?

The imprint of a fingerprint consists of natural secretions of the

sweat glands that are present in the friction ridge of the skin and
dirt from everyday activities

Anytime you touch something, you leave behind traces of these

substances in the unique pattern of your dermal ridges.

Q: What are Fingerprints?

3 fundamental principles:
1. A fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no
two people have been found with the exact
same fingerprint pattern.

Q: What are Fingerprints?

3 fundamental principles:
2. A fingerprint pattern will
remain unchanged for the
life of an individual;
the print itself can change

due to permanent scars and

skin diseases.

Q: What are Fingerprints?

3 fundamental principles:
3. Fingerprints have general
characteristic ridge
patterns that allow them
to be systematically
identified.

Lets Break this Up: Gallery Walk

Will learn how fingerprints came to be used
10 min

Q: How did fingerprints come to be used

as evidence?

The oldest known documents showing fingerprints date

from third century B.C. China.
In ancient Babylon (dating back to 1792-1750 B.C.),
fingerprints pressed into clay tablets marked contracts.
The earliest written study (1684) is Dr. Nehemiahs
paper describing the patterns he saw on human hands
under a microscope, including the presence of ridges.
In 1788, Johann Mayer noted that the arrangement of
skin ridges is never duplicated in two persons. He was
probably the first scientist to recognize this fact.

Q: How did fingerprints come to be used

as evidence?

Nine fingerprint patterns were described in 1823 by

Jan Evangelist Purkyn.

In 1856 Sir William Herschel began the collection of

fingerprints and noted they were not altered by
age.

Alphonse Bertillon created a way to identify

criminals that was used in 1883 to identify a repeat
offender.
In 1888, Sir Francis Galton and Sir Edmund Richard
Henry developed the fingerprint classification
system that is still in use in the United States.

Q: How did fingerprints come to be used

as evidence?
In 1891, Ivn (Juan) Vucetich
improved fingerprint collection.

In 1896, Sir Henry created a

system that divided
fingerprints into groups.

Along with notations about

individual characteristics,
all ten fingerprints were
imprinted on a card (called
a ten card).

Did You Know?

Dactyloscopy is the study of fingerprint
identification.
Police investigators are experts in
collecting dactylograms, otherwise
known as fingerprints.

Q: How do we take prints?

1st: Roll the pad portion of your thumb over the ink pad from
the left side of your thumb to the right.

2nd: Roll the pad portion of your thumb from the left side of
your thumb to the right in the correct box on your paper to make
a thumbprint.

3rd: Continue this process to make a fingerprint of all ten fingers.

Lets Explore!
Thumbprint Inquiry Activity
Objective: Create a giant fingerprint to
study various ridge patterns.
Materials: 1 balloon, fingerprinting
inkpad or marker

Lets Explore!
Procedure:

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Slightly inflate your balloon

Ink your fingerprint and press it on the
balloon
Let the print dry before inflating it the
rest of the way
Fill in the table for you and 2 classmates
Answer analysis questions

Lets Explore!
Thumbprint Inquiry Activity
Copy the following table in your notes
You are going to complete one of these per group
member (3-4 people)

Name of Person:

Sketch of fingerprint
goes here

Date:
Observation 1:
Observation 2:
Observation 3:

Lets Explore!
Analysis Questions
1. What were some similarities in your group?
2. What were some differences in your group?
3. What are some problems you can foresee

when using fingerprints to identify people?

4. What are some questions you have that you
want answered by the end of this unit?

Warm Up
Thursday| September 29, 2016
1. Why do we have fingerprints?

2. What layer do fingerprints originate?

3. What are the three fundamental principles of
fingerprints?
4. A man walks into a bar and asks for a glass of water. The
bartender then pulls out a gun and points it at the man.
The man says, Thank you and leaves. How come?
5. Any forensics/science questions you want answered?

Write on separate piece of paper, drop in comment box in

the back of the room

SATWOTD

Sagacious (adj)
The sagacious
inventor went from
rags to riches with
one great idea.

Intelligent; showing good judgment

Warm Up
September 30, 2016
1. Ridges are arranged in connected
units called _______
a. What is the purpose of
ridges?

2. Where do fingerprints originate?

3. Fingerprints have natural
secretions of what glands?

4. Who is the father of fingerprints?

Join your class

Remind by
texting 81010
Block 1@9dk89c
Block 2@249d79
Block 3@8akaeg

SATWOTD
Gourmet
Jerome considered himself a gourmet,
and would search the entire city for
just the right kind of wine to
complement th food he intended to
serve his guests.

a connoisseur of fine food and

drink

Agenda
Warm Up/SATWOTD

Due today!!

Unit 2: Impression

Progress
Reports

Evidence
Hand transplant video
Crime Thursday!
Fingerprint Classification

Optional
Project 2

Fingerprint Classification
Unit 2: Impression Evidence

Essential Vocabulary
Core: the center of a whorl

or loop
Delta: triangular region
near a loop
Ridge count: made from
the center of the core to
the edge of the delta
How many ridges between

the two?

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

There are 3 specific classes for all fingerprints based
upon their visual pattern: arches, loops, and whorls.
Each group is divided into smaller groups as seen in
the lists below.

Arch
Plain arch
Tented
arch

Loop
Radial Loop
Ulnar loop

Whorl
Plain whorl
Central pocket whorl
Double loop whorl
Accidental

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

Arches
Arches are the simplest type of fingerprints that are formed by ridges
that enter on one side of the print and exit on the other. No deltas
Spike or tent
are present.

Plain Arch
Ridges enter on one side and
exit on the other side.

Tented Arches
Similar to the plain arch,
but has a spike in the center.

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

Loops
Loops must have one delta
and one or more ridges
that enter and leave on the
same side.
These patterns are named
for their positions related
to the radius and ulna
bones.

Hand and Wrist Bones

Ulna=pinky side
Think about what way your hand is facing to leave a
print

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

On the left hand, a loop that opens to the left would
be an ulnar loop, while one that opens to the right
would be a radial loop.

Radial Loop (Right Thumb)

Loop opens toward
right or the ulna bone.

Delta

Ulnar Loop (Right Thumb)

Loop opens toward the
left or the radial bone.

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

Whorls
Whorls have at least one ridge that makes (or tends to make)
a complete circuit. They also have two deltas. If a print has
more than two deltas, it is most likely an accidental.

Plain
Whorl

Central
Pocket
Whorl

Q: How are fingerprints classified?

Double Loop Whorl

Accidental Whorl

Delta

Delta

Double loop whorls are

made up of any two
loops combined into one
print.

Accidental whorls contain

two or more patterns (not
including the plain arch), or
does not clearly fall under any
of the other categories.

Check In!
If a fingerprint has no deltas, it is an

arch
__________.

If a fingerprint has one delta, it is a

loop
__________.

If a whorl has 3 or more deltas, it is

accidental
a(an) ___________.

Cheat Sheet!
Will post on website!!

Identify each fingerprint pattern.

B
Right Hand

Left Hand

Right Hand

Right Hand

E
Left Hand

Its time to make

some prints!

Avoid
Partial
Prints

GOOD PRINT
Get as much of the top part
of your finger as possible!

Q: How do we take prints?

1st: Roll the pad portion of your thumb over the ink pad from
the left side of your thumb to the right.

2nd: Roll the pad portion of your thumb from the left side of
your thumb to the right in the correct box on your paper to make
a thumbprint.

3rd: Continue this process to make a fingerprint of all ten fingers.

Uh Oh! Heres the Scenario

Somebody stole Ms. Shades phone and the culprit
may be in this class!
Your task: create a set of clean prints on your my
print card (make on a piece of paper)
You may use ink pads or markers (green, blue,
purple, red or black)
WRITE how many arches, loops, and whorls you
have. ASK if you need assistance!

Look at your prints

If the thief had a plain whorl, how many

people in here are still potential

suspects?

fingerprint categories can eliminate suspects, but not identify or

link them directly for that we need for the next piece of
information.
Called what type of evidence?

So think about it..

Do you think there is a gender difference in

terms of fingerprint pattern rates?

Compare with your neighbors

Fingerprint Inquiry #2

What percentage of this class

has whorls? Loops?
Arches? Lets Compare! As
a class :)

Objective: determine the

rate of occurrence
for our fingerprint
patterns

Pattern
Arch
Loop
Whorl
Pattern

#
Male

Total Prints
30
30
30
#
Female

Total
Prints

Arch

30

Loop

30

Whorl

30

%
M=
F=
M=
F=
M=
F=

Analysis and Conclusion Answer in

Groups (1 table turn in 1 sheet of paper)
Expected averages:

65% - Loops 30 % - Whorls

5% - Arches

What were the occurrence rates in our class?

Which pattern is most common pattern among the males in this

class?

Which is most common pattern among women?

How do the averages for each sex compares to the expected

averages?

How do our class results compare to the averages? What mistakes

(if any) could we have made in analyzing our data?