Bao Cao DATN Hung

LI M U
Trong bi cnh cc ngun nhin liu ho thch dn cn kit, nhu cu s dng

in nng ngy cng tng, vic nghin cu v ng dng ngun nng lng ti
to, c bit l nng lng gi ang c rt nhiu quc gia trn th gii quan
tm. u im ca ngun nng lng gi l nng lng v tn vi chi ph sn
xut r v c bit l khng gy nhim mi trng. Tuy nhin, vic kt ni cc
nh my in gi vi h thng in cng t ra mt s vn mi v mt vn
hnh, iu khin v bo v. p ng ca nh my in gi khi c cc s c c s
khc bit rt ln vi cc my in ng b truyn thng, c bit l tc ng n
dng ngn mch v rle bo v.
m bo cho h thng rle bo v vn hot ng ng v tin cy, vic
phn tch v nh gi nh hng ca nh my in gi vi h thng rle bo v
l rt cn thit. Trn c s , bng nhng kin thc hc cng vi s hng
dn tn tnh ca thy gio TS. Nguyn c Huy, chng em la chn ti:
M phng nh my in gi cng ngh my in khng ng b ngun kp
(DFIG) v nh gi nh hng ca nh my i vi h thng rle bo v
trong hc phn n tt nghip.
n gm 2 phn ln:
Phn I: My pht in gi cng ngh my in khng ng b ngun kp
(DFIG ).
Phn II: Bo v my pht in gi DFIG khi u ni vi li v cc nh
hng ca DFIG n h thng rle bo v.
Do kin thc bn thn cn hn ch nn bn n ca chng em khng th
trnh khi nhng thiu st. Chng em rt mong nhn c s gp , ch bo ca
cc thy c bn n c hon thin hn.
Qua y, chng em xin gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc ti cc thy c
trong b mn H thng in v c bit l thy gio TS. Nguyn c Huy,
ngi tn tnh ch bo v truyn th cho chng em nhng kin thc qu bu
trong sut qu trnh thc hin bn n.
H Ni, ngy 1 thng 06 nm 2015
Sinh vin thc hin
ng Vn Hng
1
MC LC
LI M U ..................................................................................................... 1
DANH MC CH VIT TT ........................................................................... 5
DANH MC HNH V ...................................................................................... 6
DANH MC BNG BIU ............................................................................... 10
PHN I ............................................................................................................. 11
MY PHT IN GI CNG NGH MY IN KHNG NG B
NGUN KP (DFIG) ....................................................................................... 11
CHNG 1 ...................................................................................................... 12
GII THIU CHUNG....................................................................................... 12
1. Tng quan v nng lng gi..................................................................... 12
1.1.Tnh hnh nng lng gi trn th gii v Vit Nam ............................ 12
1.2. Khi qut v my pht in gi ........................................................... 16
1.3. La chn i tng nghin cu ca ti ........................................... 23
1.4. My pht khng ng b ngun kp DFIG ......................................... 24
CHNG 2 ...................................................................................................... 26
MY IN GI LOI DFIG ........................................................................... 26
1. My in khng ng b ngun kp .......................................................... 26
1.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca my in khng ng b ............................... 26
1.2. S thay th DFIM .......................................................................... 28
1.3. Cc phng trnh c bn ca DFIM trong ch xc lp .................... 30
1.4. ng cong c tnh lm vic ca DFIM ............................................ 32
2. B bin i AC-DC-AC (Back-to-Back coverter) ...................................... 34
2.1. Nghch lu ngun p ba pha................................................................ 35
2.2. H thng lin kt b bin i vi li, mch lc cm khng ............... 41
2.3. H thng lin kt b bin i vi mch rotor ca DFIM...................... 43
2.4. H thng lin kt mt chiu ................................................................ 43
3. Cc mch vng iu khin trong my pht in gi loi DFIG .................. 44
3.1. Mc tiu iu khin ca my pht DFIG ............................................. 44
2
3.2. Vector khng gian v cc php bin i .............................................. 46

3.3. M hnh my pht khng ng b ngun kp DFIG ............................ 48
3.4. M hnh ton hc DFIG trong h trc ta tnh ........................... 49
3.5. M hnh ton hc DFIG trong h trc ta dq trong ch qu .. 51
3.6. Nguyn l iu khin DFIG trong ch xc lp ................................ 53
3.7. Cc vng iu khin ............................................................................ 54
CHNG III .................................................................................................... 58
M
PHNG
MY
PHT
IN
GI
LOI
DFIG
TRN
MATLAB/SIMULINK V CC KT QU M PHNG ............................... 58

1. M hnh my pht in gi trn Matlab/Simulink ...................................... 58
1.1. My in khng ng b..................................................................... 58
1.2. Back-to-Back converter ...................................................................... 60
1.3. M hnh cc b iu khin .................................................................. 61
2. Cc kt qu m phng ............................................................................... 63
2.1. p ng ca DFIG trong ch xc lp ............................................. 63
2.2. p ng ca DFIG trong ch s c ................................................ 64
PHN II ............................................................................................................ 71
BO V MY PHT IN GI DFIG KHI U NI VI LI V CC
NH HNG CA DFIG N H THNG RLE BO V ....................... 71
CHNG 4 ...................................................................................................... 72
YU CU LVRT I VI NH MY IN GI V H THNG
CROWBAR BO V MY PHT IN GI DFIG ...................................... 72
1. Yu cu LVRT i vi my pht in gi v m hnh DFIG vi h thng
bo v crowbar .............................................................................................. 72
2. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong ch s c .................................. 74
2.1. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong s c ngn mch ba pha ......... 74
2.2. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong s c ngn mch khng i
xng .......................................................................................................... 81
CHNG 5 ...................................................................................................... 86
NH HNG CA DFIG VI CROWBAR N H THNG RLE BO
V ..................................................................................................................... 86
3
1. H thng bo v rle i vi nh my in gi loi DFIG ......................... 86

2. Nguyn l bo v khong cch .................................................................. 88
3. Rle bo v khong cch 7SA522 - Siemens ............................................. 90
3.1. Gii thiu chung ................................................................................. 90
3.2. Cu trc phn cng ............................................................................. 90
3.3. Tng quan cc chc nng ca 7SA522 ................................................ 93
3.4. Chc nng bo v khong cch ca rle 7SA522 ................................ 94
3.5. Gii thut ca rle 7SA522 ................................................................. 95
4. M hnh m phng rle khong cch ......................................................... 97
5. nh gi nh hng ca DFIG n rle khong cch ................................ 99
5.1. S c ngn mch mt pha ................................................................. 100
5.2. S c ngn mch hai pha................................................................... 101
6. Tng kt .................................................................................................. 102
6.1 nh hng ca trang tri in gi DFIG vi h thng bo v crowbar
n hot ng ca r le ng dy .......................................................... 102
6.2 Hng pht trin ca ti ................................................................ 103
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................... 104
PH LC........................................................................................................ 105
1. Thng s cc phn t trong m hnh m phng........................................ 105
2. Chng trnh C m phng rle khong cch ............................................ 106
2.1. Chng trnh chnh F21.c ................................................................. 106
2.2. Th vin functionlib.h....................................................................... 115
DANH MC CH VIT TT
Vit tt
T ting Anh
Ngha ting Vit
GWEC
Global Wind Energy Council
Hi ng Nng lng gi ton cu
WWEA
World Wind Energy Association
Hip hi nng lng gi th gii
EVN
Vietnam Electricity
Tp on in lc Vit nam
TNHH
Trch nhim hu hn
VN
Vit Nam ng
SCIG
Squirrel Cage Induction Generator
My pht in cm ng rotor lng

sc
WRIG
Wound Rotor Induction Generator
My pht in cm ng rotor dy
qun
DFIG
Doubly Fed Induction Generator
My pht in cm ng ngun kp
DFIM
Doubly Fed Induction Machine
My in cm ng ngun kp
MPMG
Multipole Permanent Magnet
My pht in ng b nam chm
Generator
vnh cu nhiu cp cc
Multipole Wound Rotor
My pht in cm ng rotor dy
Synchronous Generator
qun nhiu cp cc
GSC
Grid Side Converter
B bin i pha li
RSC
Rotor Side Converter
B bin i pha rotor
PLL
Phase Locked Loop
Mch kho pha
WRSG
T ng iu chnh kch t
TK
LVRT
Low Voltage Ride Through
Kh nng chu c s c gim

in p
Federal Energy Regulatory
y ban iu tit nng lng Lin
Commission
bang
STATCOM
Static Synchronous Compensator
Thit b b tnh ng b
MI
Measurement Input
u vo thit b o
I/O
Input/Output
u vo v ra
PC
Personal computer
My tnh c nhn
SCADA
Supervisory control and data
H thng iu khin gim st v
acquisition
thu thp d liu
FERC
DANH MC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Sn lng in gi trn th gii (1996 - 2014) .................................... 13
Hnh 1.2 Xp hng cc quc gia dng nng lng gi ....................................... 13
trn th gii nm 2014 ....................................................................................... 13
Hnh 1.3 M hnh cc b phn ca mt tuabin gi ............................................ 16
Hnh 1.4 Tuabin gi kiu trc ng ................................................................... 18
Hnh 1.5 Tuabin gi kiu trc ngang.................................................................. 19
Hnh 1.6 Cc loi my pht s dng trong h thng pht in gi ..................... 19
Hnh 1.7 H thng pht in gi c tc c nh s dng SCIG .................... 20
Hnh 1.8 H thng pht in gi tc thay i gii hn s dng WRIG ......... 21
Hnh 1.9 H thng tuabin gi thay i tc s dng ....................................... 21
Hnh 1.10 H thng tuabin gi s dng MPMG khng c hp s ..................... 22
Hnh 1.11 Cu trc ca h thng my pht khng ng b ngun kp ............... 24
Hnh 1.12 Chiu ca dng nng lng qua my pht DFIG hai ch .......... 25
Hnh 2.1 S thay th my in khng ng b .............................................. 28
Hnh 2.2 S thay th DFIM sau khi quy i v stator.................................... 30
Hnh 2.3 Gin nng lng............................................................................. 31
Hnh 2.4 c tnh cng sut tc dng stator - tc trt.................................. 33
Hnh 2.5 c tnh cng sut phn khng stator - tc trt. ............................ 33
Hnh 2.6 c tnh cng sut tc dng rotor - tc trt................................... 34
Hnh 2.7 c tnh mmen in - tc trt ..................................................... 34
Hnh 2.8 S h thng tua-bin gi s dng DFIM .......................................... 35
Hnh 2.9 S mch lc nghch lu c lp ngun p 3 pha ............................. 35
Hnh 2.10 M hnh nghch lu ngun p ba pha c m t bi cc kha chuyn
mch .................................................................................................................. 36
Hnh 2.11 T hp 8 in p u ra ca nghch lu ngun p ba pha .................. 37
Hnh 2.12 Dng sng in p ra ca nghch lu p ba pha vi ngun pht 6 xung
.......................................................................................................................... 38
Hnh 2.13 in p u ra ca b nghch lu in p ba pha bng phng php
iu ch rng xung PWM vi mf = 20, ma = 0.9 ........................................... 40
6
Hnh 2.14 Ph sng hi ca in p u ra b nghch lu van vi mf = 20, ma =

0.9 ..................................................................................................................... 41
Hnh 2.15 S thay th h thng lin kt b bin i vi li ......................... 41
Hnh 2.16 Mch in thay th n gin mt pha ca h thng lin kt b bin i
vi li .............................................................................................................. 42
Hnh 2.17 S thay th h thng lin kt b bin i ...................................... 43
Hnh 2.18 H thng lin kt mt chiu .............................................................. 43
Hnh 2.19 M hnh my pht in gi loi DFIG ............................................... 45
Hnh 2.20 Vector khng gian in p stator
Hnh 2.21 Chuyn h to cho vector
.................................................. 47
t h to
sang dq .................. 48
Hnh 2.22 Mch in tng ng ca DFIG .................................................... 49

Hnh 2.23 S tng ng ca my pht DFIG trong h trc .................. 50
Hnh 2.24 S tng ng ca DFIG trong h trc dq.................................. 52
Hnh 2.25 Phng chiu vector in p v t thng ........................................... 53
Hnh 2.26 Mch vng iu khin khu o lng ............................................... 55
Hnh 2.27 ng c tnh cng sut pht tuabin ............................................... 55
Hnh 2.28 Mch vng iu khin cng sut v tc tuabin ............................. 56
Hnh 2.29 Mch vng iu khin pha rotor ....................................................... 56
Hnh 2.30 Mch vng iu khin pha li ........................................................ 57
Hnh 2.31 B gii hn dng in pha GSC ....................................................... 57
Hnh 3.1 Thng s cho khi my pht khng ng b ....................................... 58
Hnh 3.2 M hnh my pht in gi trn Matlab/Simulink ............................... 59
Hnh 3.3 M hnh b iu khin cng sut v tc tua-bin ............................. 61
Hnh 3.4 M hnh b iu khin b bin i pha rotor ...................................... 62
Hnh 3.5 M hnh b iu khin b bin i pha li ....................................... 62
Hnh 3.6 p ng ca DFIG khi thay i in p t u cc ........................... 63
Hnh 3.7 Cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca my pht trong qu
trnh thay i in p t u cc ...................................................................... 64
Hnh 3.8 S c ngn mch u cc my pht DFIG .......................................... 64
Hnh 3.9 Dng s c DFIG khi ngn mch ba pha u cc ................................ 65
7
Hnh 3.10 Dng ngn mch ba pha ca my pht ng b ................................. 66

Hnh 3.11 Dng s c rotor DFIG khi ngn mch.............................................. 66
Hnh 3.12 Cng sut tc dng v phn khng ca DFIG .................................... 67
Hnh 3.13 in p u cc my pht DFIG trong s c ..................................... 67
Hnh 3.14 in p trn t in DC trong s c .................................................. 68
Hnh 3.15 Tc tua-bin my pht DFIG trong s c ....................................... 68
Hnh 3.16 Gc m cnh qut ca tua-bin gi DFIG trong s c ......................... 69
Hnh 3.17 Dng ngn mch mt pha ca DFIG ................................................. 69
Hnh 3.18 Dng ngn mch hai pha ca DFIG................................................... 70
Hnh 4.1 c tnh LVRT in hnh (Tfin = 0.625 s) .......................................... 72
Hnh 4.2 M hnh my pht in gi loi DFIG c mch bo v crowbar .......... 73
Hnh 4.3 S thay th DFIG vi mch bo v crowbar ................................... 73
Hnh 4.4 S mt si h thng trang tri in gi kt ni vi li .................. 74
Hnh 4.5 Dng s c stator vi cc gi tr in tr crowbar khc nhau .............. 75
Hnh 4.6 Dng ngn mch DFIG vi s c ngn mch ba pha u cc trong cc
trng hp ......................................................................................................... 76
Hnh 4.7 Dng s c rotor vi cc gi tr in tr crowbar khc nhau................ 78
Hnh 4.8 Tc rotor trong s c vi cc gi tr in tr Rc khc nhau ............. 78
Hnh 4.9 Cng sut tc dng ca my pht in gi DFIG trong s c vi cc gi
tr Rc khc nhau ................................................................................................. 79
Hnh 4.10 Cng sut phn khng (a) v in p u cc (b) ca my pht in
gi DFIG trong s c vi cc gi tr .................................................................. 80
Hnh 4.11 in p trn t in DC trong s c vi cc gi tr in tr Rc khc
nhau .................................................................................................................. 81
Hnh 4.12 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG v dng in rotor vi s c ngn mch 1
pha (AG) ........................................................................................................... 82
pha (AB) ........................................................................................................... 83
Hnh 4.14 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG vi s c ngn mch 2 pha khi khng s
dng mch bo v crowbar ................................................................................ 84
Hnh 4.15 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG vi s c ngn mch 2 pha khi s dng
mch bo v crowbar ......................................................................................... 84
pha chm t (ABG) .......................................................................................... 85
Hnh 5.1 Phng thc u ni vi h thng v bo v cho nh my in gi loi
DFIG ................................................................................................................. 87
Hnh 5.2 c tnh tc ng kiu a gic ca rle khong cch........................... 89
Hnh 5.3 Cu trc phn cng rle k thut s 7SA522 ...................................... 91
Hnh 5.4 Thit k mt trc rle 7SA522 .......................................................... 92
Hnh 5.5 Cc chc nng bo v ca rle 7SA522 .............................................. 93
Hnh 5.6 c tnh a gic ca rle 7SA522 ....................................................... 94
Hnh 5.7 c tnh MhO ca rle 7SA522 .......................................................... 95
Hnh 5.8 Logic o tng tr pha-pha ca rle 7SA522 ........................................ 96
Hnh 5.9 Logic o tng tr pha-t ca rle 7SA522 ......................................... 96
Hnh 5.10 Logic o khi tc ng my ct ca rle 7SA522 ............................. 97
Hnh 5.11 Thut ton m phng rle bo v khong cch .................................. 98
Hnh 5.12 Qu o tng tr AG khi ngn mch mt pha ................................. 100
Hnh 5.13 Qu o tng tr AG vi s c thuc Zone 2 .................................. 101
Hnh 5.14 Qu o tng tr AB trong trng hp s c ................................. 102
ngn mch hai pha ........................................................................................... 102
DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 Cc b phn ca mt tuabin gi. ......................................................... 16
Bng 1.2 So snh cc loi my pht trong h thng pht in gi ...................... 22
Bng 2.1 Thng s my pht Vestas V80 .......................................................... 32
Bng 2.2 T hp 8 in p u ra ca nghch lu ngun p ba pha .................... 37
Bng 3.1 Thng s b iu khin cng sut v tc tua-bin ............................ 61
Bng 3.2 Thng s b iu khin b bin i RSC ............................................ 62
Bng 3.3 Thng s b iu khin b bin i GSC ............................................ 63
Bng 4.1 in tr crowbar trong cc kch bn ................................................... 74
in tr Rc khc nhau......................................................................................... 80
Bng 5.1 Cc chc nng bo v cho vng bo v my pht ............................... 86
Bng 5.2 Cc thng s rle khong cch xc nh tng tr on s c vi tng
loi s c ........................................................................................................... 89
Bng 5.3 Cch xc nh loi s c da vo cc tn hiu tc ng ca cc vng
tng tr .............................................................................................................. 99
10
PHN I
MY PHT IN GI CNG NGH MY IN KHNG
NG B NGUN KP (DFIG)
11
CHNG 1
GII THIU CHUNG
1. Tng quan v nng lng gi
1.1.Tnh hnh nng lng gi trn th gii v Vit Nam
1.1.1. Tnh hnh nng lng gi trn th gii
Nng lng gi l mt ngun nng lng quan trng v c tim nng
rt ln. y l dng nng lng sch, phong ph v l ngun cung cp
nng lng gn nh v tn. Mc d in gi bt u c th gii
n t 25 nm trc, nhng ch trong 10 nm tr li y n mi khng
nh v tr trn th trng nng lng th gii nh cng ngh v k thut
khai thc nng lng gi pht trin vt bc trong hai thp k qua. Sn
lng in gi tng trng mt cch ngon mc vi tc xp x
30%/nm, cao nht trong tt c ngun nng lng hin c. Theo s liu
thng k ca Hi ng Nng lng gi ton cu GWEC ( Global Wind
Energy Council), sn lng in nng sn xut t sc gi trn th gii
ang lin tc tng (Hnh 1.1): nm 1996 l 6.1 GW, nm 1997 l 7.6 GW
v hin nay l hn 300 GW (s liu tnh n thi im nm 2014). S
dng in nng bng nng lng gi, s c nhng li th chnh nh sau:
- Sch, khng gy nhim.
- a dng v hnh thc v qui m.
- n nh gi nng lng v gim s ph thuc vo nhin liu nhp
khu.
Nhn thc c vai tr v li ch to ln t vic s dng nng lng
gi. Cc nc trn th gii bao gm c nhng nc pht trin v ang
pht trin ngy mt quan tm ti s pht trin in gi. Trn th gii
c khong 20 quc gia m dn u l Trung Quc c cng sut lp t
in gi cao nht, chim n 31% tng cng sut lp t (Hnh 1.2). Xp
sau l M (65.879 MW, chim 17.8%), c (39,165, chim 10.6%),
S liu thng k 10 quc gia c tng cng sut lp t ng u trn th
gii c cho trong Hnh 1.2 (theo s liu thng k ca GWEC thng 12
nm 2014).
12
Hnh 1.1 Sn lng in gi trn th gii (1996 - 2014)
Hnh 1.2 Xp hng cc quc gia dng nng lng gi

trn th gii nm 2014
Hip hi nng lng gi th gii WWEA (World Wind Energy

Association) cng a ra nhng d bo ht sc kh quan cho trin vng
pht trin nng lng in gi. n nm 2020 sn lng in gi s
chim ti 12% trong tng sn lng in nng ca th gii. t c
13
mc tiu ny, th gii s u t khong 100 t USD/nm vo in gi,

ng thi to ra 2,3 triu vic lm v gim c mt lng ng k kh
CO2 gy hiu ng nh knh. Mt th trng v nng lng gi s pht
trin mnh m y gi thnh lp t cng nh vn hnh in gi xung
mc r nht, vi chi ph lp t khong 600 USD/kW v gi in thng
phm di 3 cent (xu M)/kWh. Cng theo d on ny th nng lng
gi s tng dn v vt qua nhiu ngun nng lng truyn thng nhng
tim n ri ro cao nh in ht nhn v thy in ln.
1.1.2. Tnh hnh nng lng gi Vit Nam
Vit Nam c nh gi l mt quc gia c tim nng pht trin in
gi rt ln v nm trong khu vc cn nhit i gi ma vi b bin di
hn 3000 km. Trong chng trnh nh gi v nng lng ca Chu ,
Ngn hng Th gii kho st chi tit v nng lng gi cho 4 nc
trong khu vc ng Nam bao gm: Vit Nam, Thi Lan, Lo,
Campuchia. Theo kt qu ca bn nng lng gi ny th Vit Nam
c tim nng gi ln nht v c th t hn 500.000 MW tc l bng hn
200 ln cng sut ca thy in Sn La (2400 MW), v hn 15 ln tng
cng sut t ca ton h thng in Vit Nam hin nay, khong 30.000
MW (tnh n nm 2013). Ni cch khc nu Vit Nam khai thc ht
tim nng gi th tng cng sut in gi c th ln gp 15 ln tng cng
sut in hin ti ca Vit Nam. Tt nhin, chuyn t tim nng l
thuyt thnh tim nng c th khai thc c, n tim nng k thut, v
cui cng, thnh tim nng kinh t l c mt cu chuyn di. Song iu
khng ngn cn chng ta xem xt mt cch thu o tim nng to ln
v nng lng gi Vit Nam.
Theo kho st ca Tp on in lc Vit nam (EVN), nhng vng
c th to ra ngun nng lng in gi vi hiu qu cao tp trung vo
Trung trung b (Qung Bnh n Khnh Ha), Nam Trung b (Ninh
Thun, Bnh Thun) v cc tnh Nam b (Bc Liu, Sc Trng..) trong
hai tnh Ninh Thun v Bnh Thun c coi l hai tnh c tim nng
ln nht, l khu vc u t cho in gi kh thi nht. Theo s liu bn
nng lng gi c lp, vi tc gi t 6-7m/s cao t 60-80 m
14
khu vc hai tnh Bnh Thun v Ninh Thun c th xy dng lp t

nhiu trang tri gi vi tng cng sut ln n 9500 MW (gp gn 4 ln
nh my thy in Sn La).
Tnh n thng 5/2013, hin c hn 50 d n in gi ng k xin
u t, phn ln tp trung khu vc t Trung Trung b vo cc tnh pha
Nam. Tuy nhin, Vit Nam mi ch c 3 nh my in gi pht in
thng mi. Ngoi ra c mt s d n ang tin hnh thc hin cc bc
nh thu xp vn, xin ch tng u t, lp d n u t, xin giy php
u t (d n in gi Ph Lc, Bnh Thun 30 MW, d n trang tri gi
Ha Thng 202 MW) v hn 40 d n ch mi xin ch trng, ch c
ch ph hp th cc nh u t mi thc hin.
Chnh ph ph duyt quy hoch pht trin nng lng ti to. Theo
, n nm 2020 Vit Nam t mc tiu t cng sut in gi 1.000
MW v n nm 2030 t 6.200 MW. Hin nay tng cng sut cc d n
in gi ang vn hnh trn c nc mi ch t khong 54 MW vi 3
d n in gi c in bn vo h thng in quc gia. Tin phong
trong lnh vc u t vo in gi l d n in gi ti Tuy Phong (Bnh
Thun) ca Cng ty c phn Nng lng ti to Vit Nam hon thin
giai on I vi tng cng sut 30MW. Nh my th hai l nh my in
gi o Ph Qu, ti o Ph Qu, vn hnh vi li din c lp trn
o, Ch u t l Cng ty TNHH Mt Thnh Vin Nng lng Ti to
in lc Du kh ca Tp on Du Kh Quc gia Vit Nam, vi tng
cng sut 6MW v tng mc u t 335 t VN. Cui cng l trang tri
in gi trn bin ti tnh Bc Liu ni li quc gia, Ch u t l Cng
ty TNHH Thng mi v Dch v Cng l vi tng Cng sut 16 MW
v bn in ln li vo thng 5/2013, cng ty ang trin khai giai on
II c quy m 52 tr, vi cng sut 83 MW v c k hoch tip tc lp
thm 150 tr in gi trn bin Bc Liu vi tng cng sut 300 MW sau
khi hon tt giai on II.
15
1.2. Khi qut v my pht in gi

1.2.1. Cu to ca tuabin gi
Cu to ca tuabin gi c cho trong Hnh 1.3.
Hnh 1.3 M hnh cc b phn ca mt tuabin gi

Bng 1.1 Cc b phn ca mt tuabin gi.
STT
B phn
Cnh tuabin
Rotor
Pitch
B phanh
Trc quay chm
Hp s
My pht
B iu khin
B o tc gi
10
Thit b xc nh
hng gi
11
12
13
Trc quay nhanh

Yaw Driver
Cu to, mc ch, nhim v

Gi thi qua cnh qut lm cnh qut chuyn
ng v quay.
Bao gm cnh qut v trc.
iu chnh nghing ca cnh qut n gi
theo yu cu.
Dng rotor trong trng hp khn cp bng in,
sc nc hoc ng c.
Quay vi tc ban u khi gi tc dng vo cc
cnh qut
Ni gia trc quay chm v trc quay nhanh ca
rotor lm tc ca trc quay nhanh gp hng
chc ln so vi quay chm.
Pht ra cng sut in xoay chiu vi tn s thit
k.
B iu khin s khi ng h thng khi tc
gi ph hp v dng li khi gi c tc vt
qu tc cho php.
Thit b o tc gi v truyn d liu tc gi
ti b iu khin.
Chong chng gi x l hng gi v lin lc
vi Yaw drive nh hng tuabin.
Bao bc v bo v cc thnh phn ca tuabin di
tc dng c hc t bn ngoi.
Trc truyn ng tc cao lm quay my pht.
Dng gi rotor lun lun hng v hng gi
16
14
Yaw Motor
15
Tr
khi c s thay i hng gi.

ng c cung cp cho Yaw drive nh hng gi.
c lm t thp hnh tr hoc li thp c tc
dng nng ton b h thng tuabin.
1.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca tuabin gi

Tuabin gi lm vic tri ngc vi mt my qut in, thay v s dng
in to ra gi nh qut in th ngc li tuabin gi li s dng gi
to ra in. Cc tuabin gi hot ng theo mt nguyn l rt n gin.
Nng lng ca gi lm cho 2 hoc 3 cnh qut quay quanh 1 rotor.
Rotor c ni vi trc chnh v trc chnh s truyn ng lm quay trc
quay my pht to ra in. Cc tuabin gi c t trn tr cao thu
hu ht nng lng gi. cao 30m trn mt t, cc tuabin gi c
thun li l tc nhanh hn v t b cc lung gi bt thng. Cc
tuabin gi c th s dng cung cp in cho nh ca hoc xy dng,
chng c th ni ti mt mng in phn phi mng in ra rng hn.
1.2.3. Phn loi tuabin gi
C th phn loi tuabin gi theo nhiu hnh thc khc nhau: theo cu
to hot ng, theo cng sut hay theo s cnh qut. Tuy nhin c th
chia tuabin gi theo 2 loi c bn sau y: tuabin gi trc ng v tuabin
gi trc ngang.
Tuabin gi trc ng
Tuabin gi trc ng l loi tuabin mi pht trin trong thi gian gn
y, cnh quay ca tuabin theo trc hng ln (Hnh 1.4a), trc quay
vung gc vi dng gi v mt t, di vn tc gi hot ng t 3 n 40
m/s, chiu cao tuabin di 30m, s cnh qut t 2 n 4 cnh, bn knh
cnh qut di 10m.
u im:
- Di vn tc gi hot ng kh rng
- Tuabin hot ng khng ph thuc vo hng ca vn tc dng kh.
- Cc my pht in, hp s c th t di mt t.
- Ph hp hn cho khu vc th, ni c nhiu gi xoy v hng gi
thay i, vi mt cnh qut m quay quanh mt trc thng ng, gi
n t bt k hng no cng c th lm quay cnh v cung cp in.
17
- Tuabin loi ny thng m hn tuabin trc ngang, tn din tch

khng gian lp t, kt cu tng i vng chc.
Hnh 1.4 Tuabin gi kiu trc ng
Nhc im:
- Tc gi rt thp gn mt t.
- Loi ny cn b tr dy guy gi.
- Hiu sut ch bng 50% so vi tuabin trc ngang cng vn tc gi.
Tuabin gi trc ngang
L loi ph bin c 2 hay 3 cnh qut, tuabin gi 3 cnh qut hot
ng theo chiu gi vi b mt cnh qut hng v chiu gi ang thi.
Ngy nay tuabin gi 3 cnh qut c s dng rng ri, cng sut pht
in t vi trm W n vi MW, di vn tc gi hot ng t 4m/s n
25m/s, chiu cao ct chng tuabin 6m ( loi cng sut nh) v 120m
(loi cng sut ln), bn knh cnh qut t 3m n 45m, s vng quay
cnh qut t 20 n 40 vng/pht.
u im:
- y l loi tuabin gi c hiu sut cao nht.
- Thch hp vi nhiu vn tc gi khc nhau.
- Hnh dng v kch thc ln nn i hi ch s an ton cao.
Nhc im:
- Tuy c h thng iu chnh hng n gi xong vn gii hn 1
gc quay nht nh nn ch thch hp cho nhng ni c vn tc gi n
nh.
- Chi ph lp t cao.
18
Hnh 1.5 Tuabin gi kiu trc ngang
1.2.3. Phn loi my pht in gi

H thng pht in sc gi
My pht in xoay chiu
My pht in mt chiu
My pht xoay chiu mt pha
My pht xoay chiu ba pha
My pht ng b
My pht ng
b kch t bng
nam chm vnh
cu (PMSG)
My pht ng
b rotor dy
qun (WRSG)
My pht khng ng b
My pht khng
ng b ba pha
rotor lng sc
(SCIG)
My pht khng
ng b ba pha
ngun kp (DFIG)
Hnh 1.6 Cc loi my pht s dng trong h thng pht in gi
My pht l b phn chuyn i nng lng c nng thnh in nng.

H thng my pht in sc gi vi cu trc rt a dng. Hnh 1.6 khi
qut cc loi my pht s dng trong h thng pht in gi hin nay.
My pht c th c kt ni vi li in thng qua b bin i in
t cng sut hoc trc tip vi li, to ra cc cu trc pht in gi khc
nhau. Mi cu trc mang nhng u nhc im ring v ph hp vi
19
tng yu cu, mc ch c th. Hin nay c bn cu hnh thng dng

c s dng trong h thng pht in gi.
Loi I
Tuabin gi sau khi kt ni vi hp s v my pht in cm ng rotor
lng sc (SCIG) th h thng s c ni trc tip vi li in qua my
bin p (Hnh 1.7).
Hnh 1.7 H thng pht in gi c tc c nh s dng SCIG
SCIG ly cng sut phn khng t li in nn cu hnh ny s dng

mt b t b b cng sut phn khng. V mc d c b iu khin
cng sut, th bt c dao ng no ca gi cng s dn ti dao ng cng
sut, thm ch l dao ng in p ti cc nt trong li in. V vy n
i hi mt mng li cng v kt cu c kh ca n phi c kh nng
chu lc c hc cao.
Khi vn tc nh th tuabin gi s vo mt v tr t trc khi thit
k nhm lm tng hiu sut chuyn i nng lng gi thnh c nng.
Khi vn tc gi ln n mt gi tr no th tuabin gi li c c nh
mt gc quay khc. Tc quay rotor c ci thin so vi tc gi
nh b hp s.
Loi II
Loi ny s dng my pht in cm ng rotor dy qun Wound
Rotor Induction Generator (WRIG) c th thay i gii hn tc bng
b thay i tng tr rotor (b Optislip). My pht c ni trc tip vo
li in, mt b t b cng sut phn khng (Hnh 1.8). Di tc
20
iu khin ph thuc vo kch thc ca b tng tr rotor, v thng

nm trong khong 0-10% trn tc ng b.
Hnh 1.8 H thng pht in gi tc thay i gii hn s dng

WRIG
Loi III
L my pht khng ng b ngun kp Doubly Fed Induction
Generator (DFIG). B bin i AC/DC/AC ni t rotor my pht in
ln li. Dng nng lng khai thc t gi c ly qua tuabin ti stator,
sau chy trc tip ln li. Vic iu khin dng nng lng c
thc hin gin tip nh thit b bin i nm mch in rotor. So vi
b OptiSlip, DFIG c di tc hot ng rng hn nhiu (trong khong
-30% 30% tc ng b).
Hnh 1.9 H thng tuabin gi thay i tc s dng

my pht khng ng b ngun kp
Loi IV
L loi my pht in gi tc thay i c thm b bin tn, stator
my pht c ni vi li thng qua b bin tn ny. Tng t DFIG,
21
b bin tn c tc dng b cng sut phn khng, to ra in p bng

phng hn khi kt ni vi li. Hp s c th c hoc khng. B chuyn
i vi cu hnh khng c hp s c s dng vi mt my pht in
ng b nam chm vnh cu nhiu cp cc Multipole Permanent Magnet
Generator (MPMG) hoc my pht in cm ng rotor dy qun nhiu
cp cc Multipole Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (WRSG).
Hnh 1.10 H thng tuabin gi s dng MPMG khng c hp s
Cc my pht in nam chm vnh cu a cc cho php kt ni cc

trc ca my trc tip n cc cnh qut ca tuabin gi. u im ca k
thut ny l vic loi hp s v my c th hot ng tc thp do c
nhiu cp cc. Nhc im ln nht ca k thut ny l kch thc ca
b chuyn i v l my pht in nhiu cc nn kch thc ca my
cng ln hn so vi cc my pht in c hp s.
T nhng phn tch trn, ta s so snh, nh gi u nhc im ca
cc loi my pht s dng trong h thng pht in gi thng qua cc
tiu ch theo Bng 1.2.
TT
Bng 1.2 So snh cc loi my pht trong h thng pht in gi

Loi I
Loi II
Loi III
Loi IV
My
pht
Kh
nng
tn
dng
nng
lng
gi
SCIG
WRIG
DFIG
Tc
gi
c
nh
Kh nng
hot ng
trong di
tc gi
hp,
s =1 2
%
Di tc
b gii hn
Kh
nng
hot
ng
trong di tc
gi rng
hn loi I
s = 0 10
%.
Di tc b
gii hn
Tc ng
b do tn s
li
quyt
nh, do c
th hot ng
trong phm vi
30% tc
ng b.
PMSG/WRSG/
MPMG
Ton di tc
gi
Thit b in t
cng sut nm
xen gia stator v
rotor nn tc
ng b khng do
li quyt nh.
22
iu
khin
my
pht
Khng h
tr bt k
b iu
khin tc
no
i
hi
mt li
cng.
Cht
lng
in
nng
Gi
thnh
in p To ra in
khng
p
bng
bng
phng hn
phng.
loi I.
Gi thnh tng i
thp.
Ph bin t nhng nm
90, n nay hu nh
khng cn s dng nhiu
na m ch yu l loi III
(DFIG).
iu khin
n gin
Ch c b
iu khin
quang hc
iu
chnh in
tr rotor.
Kh phc tp
Stator ni trc
tip vi li
nn vic iu
khin my pht
rt ph thuc
vo li, c
bit khi pha
li c s c.
Kh n gin
Thit b in t
cng sut nm
gia stator v li
nn vic iu
khin my pht t
ph thuc vo
li.
in p ra n nh v bng phng
C th kim sot c nh b
nghch lu pha li.
Tng
i
thp
Thit b in t
cng sut nm
pha Rotor, nn
c cng sut
c bng 1/3
cng sut my
pht.
Kh t
Thit b in t
cng sut nm
xem gia stator v
li nn c cng
sut ng bng
cng sut my
pht.
1.3. La chn i tng nghin cu ca ti

S quan tm ca cc quc gia c bit l cc quc gia pht trin v vn
nng lng in gi ngy mt nhiu. Theo , cng ngh in gi cng pht
trin vi tc nhanh trong hai thp k va qua. Cc nh khoa hc
nghin cu, ch to nhiu loi cu hnh tuabin s dng h thng my pht
in sc gi. Mi loi cu hnh li c nhng u nhc im ring. Vi cu
hnh tuabin gi tc c nh loi I c u im l n gin, gi thnh r
nhng li khng th thu c nng lng cc i t gi v cht lng in
nng cng khng c m bo. Vi cu hnh tuabin gi loi IV th c th
hot ng vi di tc gi rng nhng gi thnh cao do b bin i c
tnh ton vi cng sut nh mc ca ton tuabin.
Hin nay trn th trng, chi ph tuabin gi loi IV cn kh cao. Do vy,
ngi ta pht trin v s dng my pht in cm ng ngun kp (DFIG).
DFIG c gi thnh r hn loi IV, ng thi c th lm vic trong mt
khong thay i tc rng ( 30% tc ng b). Mt khc, DFIG rt
ph hp u ni vi li phn phi do c th iu khin bm theo ch
vn hnh ca li.
Qua nhng phn tch trn v nhng so snh nh gi ca cc loi my
pht trong mc Bng 1.2, ta thy c nhng hiu qu ca m hnh my
23
pht in khng ng b ngun kp DFIG. My pht loi ny cng ang

nhn c nhiu s quan tm, nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trong nc
v quc t. Vit Nam, tt c cc nh my in gi ang i vo hot ng
cng u s dng m hnh ny. Chnh v u im vt tri ca m hnh
DFIG nn chng em la chn m hnh loi my pht in gi khng ng
b ngun kp DFIG tm hiu v tin hnh m phng trn
Matlab/Simulink, t nh gi nh hng ca nh my n h thng rle
bo v.
1.4. My pht khng ng b ngun kp DFIG
1.4.1. Cu trc h thng my pht khng ng b ngun kp DFIG
Cu trc ca my pht in DFIG tng t my pht in cm ng
dy qun vi mch c ni trc tip vi li trong khi mch rotor c
ni vi b bin i AC/DC/AC. Cu trc my pht in DFIG c trnh
by trong Hnh 1.11.
Hnh 1.11 Cu trc ca h thng my pht khng ng b ngun kp
B bin i Back-to-Back
B bin i Back to Back gm hai b bin i: bin i pha li
(GSC) v bin i pha rotor (RSC) lin kt vi nhau thng qua t in
DC, hai b bin i ny c to bi cc phn t bn dn c iu khin
mc song song vi diode cho php dng nng lng c th chy theo hai
hng. B bin i cho php DFIG lm vic trong c 4 gc phn t ca
mt phng phc PQ, ngha l DFIG c kh nng pht cng sut phn
khng v li. Ngoi ra, sut phn khng trao i gia DFIG v li c
th iu khin c lp vi cng sut tc dng.
24
Bo v Crowbar
H thng crowbar thc cht l b in tr c iu khin ng ct
bng mt b iu p xoay chiu s dng s cp thyristor mc song
song ngc. Khi c kch hot, h thng crowbar c tc dng bo v
mch rotor cng nh b bin i pha rotor ca DFIG v lm gim dng
ngn mch pha stator.
1.4.2. Nguyn l lm vic ca my pht in DFIG
My pht in khng ng b ngun kp hot ng nh sau: stator
ca my pht DFIG pht in trc tip vo li cn rotor cng c kt
ni vi li thng qua b bin AC/DC/AC. Khi my in c ha
ng b vi li, dng cng sut qua trn rotor c th xy ra hai trng
hp:
- Khi tc tuabin thp hn tc ng b, rotor nhn cng sut t
li.
- Khi tc tuabin ln hn tc ng b, rotor chuyn cng sut
ln li.
Hnh 1.12 Chiu ca dng nng lng qua my pht DFIG hai ch
a.Ch di ng b
b.Ch trn ng b
25
CHNG 2
MY IN GI LOI DFIG
1. My in khng ng b ngun kp
Trong phn ny s phn tch my pht in: my pht in cm ng ngun
kp (DFIG) hoc ni chung l my in cm ng ngun kp (DFIM). Tuabin gi,
ni chung c th hot ng c hai ch l my pht in v ng c. Tuy
nhin, trong ch bnh thng, tuabin gi lm vic nh mt my pht in,
cung cp nng lng t gi vo li in.
Trong chng ny, chng ta s tm hiu v DFIM trong ch xc lp. u
tin, pht trin mch in trong ch xc lp ca my in v thu c nhng
phng trnh in trong ch xc lp. Sau , t ngha ca nhng phng
trnh trn s i phn tch ch lm vic ca my in. Cui cng, da trn cc
phng trnh, nh gi hot ng chi tit ca my in, biu din cc ng
cong c tnh trong ch xc lp ty thuc vo iu kin lm vic ca my
in.
1.1. Nguyn l lm vic ca my in khng ng b
1.1.1. My in quay
Nguyn l lm vic ca tt c cc my in quay u da vo hai nh
lut in t c bn.
nh lut cm ng in t: sc in ng e cm ng c trong mt
thanh dn c chiu di , chuyn ng vi tc v trong mt t trng
ng yn c vect t cm B. Chiu v gi tr ca sc in ng c xc
nh bi biu thc sau:
(2.1)
nh lut lc in t: lc in t F tc ng ln thanh dn c chiu

di l khi c dng in i v nm trong t trng c t cm B. Chiu v
ln ca lc F c xc nh bi biu thc sau:
(2.2)
V hai nh lut c bn trn c tnh thun nghch nn bt k mt my

in quay no cng c th lm vic thun nghch do bt k ng c
in no cng c th lm vic nh my pht in hoc nh ng c in.
26
Tu theo cch to ra t trng, kt cu ca mch t v dy qun m c 4

loi my in c bn sau:
-
My in khng ng b;
My in ng b;
My in mt chiu;
My in xoay chiu c vnh gp.
1.1.2. My in khng ng b
My in khng ng b l loi my ph bin nht, nguyn l lm
vic nh sau. Stator gm ba cun dy t lch nhau gc 1200 v p cp
cc. Khi ba cun dy stator c cung cp bi in p ba pha cn bng
tn s fs, t thng stator c cm ng. T thng stator ny quay vi tc
khng i (hay cn gi l t trng quay). l, tc ng b (ns)
c cho bi biu thc:
6
(2.3)
Tn s gc ca in p v dng in gy ra bi cun dy rotor l:

(2.4)
(2.5)
vi
: l tc quay c hc ca, rotor.

p: l s cp cc ca stator.
T trng quay do li st stator gy ra s qut qua dy qun nhiu pha

t ngn mch t trn li st rotor v cm ng trong dy qun sut
in ng v dng in. T thng do dng in ny sinh ra hp vi t
thng ca stator to thnh t thng tng khe h. Dng in trong dy
qun rotor tc dng vi t thng khe h ny sinh ra mmen. Tc dng
c quan h mt thit vi tc quay
ca rotor. Trong nhng phm vi
tc khc nhau, ch lm vic ca my cng khc nhau. ch phm

vi tc ngi ta dng khi nim h s trt c tnh bi cng thc:
(2.6)
S tng tc gia dng in rotor v t thng tng to nn mmen
quay lm cho rotor quay vi tc
nn gi l my in khng
ng b.
27
T cng thc (2.4) v (2.6) ta suy ra:

(2.7)
Nh vy, so snh m v s ta s c cc ch lm vic khc nhau
ca my in:
Ch di ng b.
Ch trn ng b.
Ch ng b.
1.2. S thay th DFIM
1.2.1. Phng trnh cn bng in v t trong my in khng ng
b
Hnh 2.1 S thay th my in khng ng b
Phng trnh cn bng in trong dy qun stator

Dy qun stator ng c in tng t nh my bin p, ta c phng
trnh cn bng in p l:
Trong :
(2.8)
: in tr dy qun stator.
in khng dy qun stator ( : tn
s stator,
| |
: in cm tn stator).
l ln sc in ng pha
stator do t thng ca t trng quay sinh ra.

: h s dy qun ca mt pha stator.
: s vng dy mt pha ca stator.
: bin t thng t trng quay.
28
Phng trnh cn bng in dy qun rotor

Phng trnh cn bng in p pha dy qun rotor l:
Trong :
(2.9)
: in tr dy qun rotor.
: in khng
dy qun rotor (trong
: tn s rotor,
: in cm tn
stator).
| |
l ln sc in ng pha
rotor do t thng ca t trng quay sinh ra.

<1: h s dy qun ca mt pha rotor.
: s vng dy mt pha ca stator.
: bin t thng t trng quay.
1.2.2. H s quy i cc i lng pha rotor v pha stator
T phn 1.3.1 suy ra:
(2.10)
Khi rotor ng yn s = 1,
, ngi ta nh ngha h s u khng
i nh sau:
(2.11)
Trong u c gi l h s quy i rotor v pha stator
Cc i lng in tr, in khng, dng in, in p v sc in
ng pha rotor do t trng quay sinh ra cng c quy i v pha
stator theo cng thc sau:
(2.12)
(2.13)
(2.14)
(2.15)
(2.16)
29
1.2.3. Mch thay th tng ng DFIM

T cng thc (2.9) v cc cng thc quy i (2.12) n (2.16) ta c
phng trnh cn bng in p pha dy qun rotor vit theo cc i
lng quy i nh sau:
(2.17)
T cng thc (2.10) v (2.17), suy ra:
(2.18)
Nu ta chia c hai v ca cng thc (2.18) cho h s trt s s c:
(2.19)
Tr v vi v v chuyn sang v tri ca (2.8) cho (2.18) ta c:
(2.20)
T y ta c s thay th ca DFIM khi quy i cc i lng v

pha stator nh sau.
Hnh 2.2 S thay th DFIM sau khi quy i v stator
Sc in ng pha stator do t thng ca t trng quay sinh ra khi

s c tnh bng cng thc sau:
(2.21)
1.3. Cc phng trnh c bn ca DFIM trong ch xc lp

1.3.1. T thng stator v rotor
T thng stator v rotor c tnh bi cng thc:
(2.22)
(2.23)
Vi
(2.24)
(2.25)
30
T cc cng thc (2.8), (2.19), (2.20), (2.21) chng minh c:
(2.26)
(2.27)
1.3.2. Gin nng lng v mmen in t

Gin nng lng
- Ps l cng sut tc dng ca stator
{
Nu
my in nhn cng sut t stator.
Nu
my in cp cng sut v stator.
(2.28)
- Pr l cng sut tc dng ca rotor

{
Nu
my in nhn cng sut t rotor.
Nu
my in cp cng sut v rotor.
(2.29)
- Pmec l cng sut c u trc DFIM

Nu
my in nhn cng sut t trc: ch ng
c in.
Nu
pht in.
my in cp cng sut v trc: ch my

(2.30)
Trong
l mmen in trc ca DFIM.
Hnh 2.3 Gin nng lng
- PCu-s v PCu-r ln lt l tn hao ng trong stator v rotor, c tnh

bi cng thc:
| |
(2.31)
| |
(2.32)
31
Mmen in t
T cc cng thc (2.8), (2.18), (2.21), ta c:
(2.33)
(2.34)
T (2.28), (2.29), (2.33), (2.34) ta tnh c:

{
| |
(2.35)
| |
(2.36)
Pmec cng sut c u trc DFIM l:

(2.37)
Thay cc cng thc (2.35), (2.36), (2.31), (2.32) vo ta c:
}
{
{
{
}
(2.38)
Thay cng thc (2.38) vo (2.30) ta c:

{
(2.39)
Cng t cc cng thc tnh t thng stator v rotor (2.22), (2.23) thay
vo ta cng c:
{
}
(2.40)
Ngoi ra cng tnh c cng sut phn khng stator v rotor theo
cng thc sau:
{
| |
| |
}
{
(2.41)
}
(2.42)
1.4. ng cong c tnh lm vic ca DFIM

1.4.1. Thng s my pht Vestas
Bng 2.1 Thng s my pht Vestas V80
VESTAS V80
U
690 (V)
1800 (kW)
cos
0.881
32
I
I
s m
1722.1 (A)
r m
587.9 (A)
0.006514 (pu)
0.080764 (pu)
0.008956 (pu)
0.110632 (pu)
3.27 (pu)
0.4192 (s)
r
m
1.4.2. ng cong c tnh lm vic ca my pht Vestas

, v cc c tnh biu th mi quan h
Cho Vas = 1pu;
gia trt s vi cng sut stator, rotor, v mmen in Te.

Ps
5
Ps
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
s
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Hnh 2.4 c tnh cng sut tc dng stator - tc trt
Qs
20
15
Qs
10
-5
-10
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
s
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Hnh 2.5 c tnh cng sut phn khng stator - tc trt.
33
Pr
5
4.5
4
3.5
Pr
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
s
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Hnh 2.6 c tnh cng sut tc dng rotor - tc trt
Te
5
Te
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
s
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Hnh 2.7 c tnh mmen in - tc trt
2. B bin i AC-DC-AC (Back-to-Back coverter)

Chng 1, ti cp n cc m hnh tua-bin gi. Qua ta thy
c cng ngh tua-bin gi s dng my in khng ng b c p dng cho
hu ht cc m hnh. V m hnh tua-bin gi s dng my in khng ng b
ngun kp (DFIM) c s dng rng ri nht do u im ni bt vi b bin
i AC-DC-AC lin kt rotor vi li (stator). B bin i hai chiu ny c tc
dng chuyn cng sut t rotor ln li v ngc li rotor nhn cng sut t trn
li thng qua b bin i. Cng nh b bin i, ta c th iu chnh in p
t trn rotor mt cch d dng ph hp vi cc mc ch iu khin.
Trong phn ny, ti s cp n cc l thuyt in t cng sut c bn v
nghch lu c lp, c bit l nghch lu ngun p bng phng php iu ch
34
rng xung PWM c s dng trong b bin i AC-DC-AC, tip s trnh

by ngn gn v cc phn t khc trong b Back-to-Back converter nh mch lc
grid filter pha lin kt vi li v h thng lin kt mt chiu.
Hnh 2.8 S h thng tua-bin gi s dng DFIM
2.1. Nghch lu ngun p ba pha
Hnh 2.9 S mch lc nghch lu c lp ngun p 3 pha
M t ton hc nghch lu ngun p ba pha

S mch nghch lu ngun p ba pha c m t bi cc kha
chuyn mch nh Hnh 2.10, trong :
Sa_g =
(2.43)
Sb_g =
(2.44)
Sc_g =
(2.45)
in p pha vi im trung tnh ca s Hnh 2.10 c xc nh

nh sau:
{
(2.46)
35
Hnh 2.10 M hnh nghch lu ngun p ba pha c m t bi cc

kha chuyn mch
in p gia cc pha ca s Hnh 2.10 c xc nh nh sau:

{
(2.47)
Khi mch ti u tam gic th in p trn ti l in p pha theo

(2.47), khi mch ti u hnh sao ta c in p trn ti c dn dt theo
cc bc sau:
[
(2.48)
Nu ti ba pha cn bng (2.48) c th vit li:

[
(2.49)
in p trn ti c xc nh:
[
][
(2.50)
Phng trnh c vit li:

[
(2.51)
36
T (2.47) v (2.51), in p trn ti c vit li da trn hm chuyn

mch nh sau:
(2.52)
T cng thc (2.52), vi 8 trng thi ng m ca Sa_g, Sb_g, Sc_g ta c

t hp 8 in p u ra ca nghch lu ngun p ba pha, c th hin
trn Bng 2.2 v Hnh 2.11.
Bng 2.2 T hp 8 in p u ra ca nghch lu ngun p ba pha
Sa_g
0
Sb_g
0
Sc_g
0
vao
0
vbo
0
vco
0
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
Vbus
van
0
vbn
0
vbn
0
Hnh 2.11 T hp 8 in p u ra ca nghch lu ngun p ba pha
37
T Bng 2.2, ta c th thy cc in p u ra vao, vbo, vco ch c 2 mc

in p l Vbus v 0, cn cc in p u ra van, vbn, vcn ch c 5 mc in
p u ra l
-2Vbus/3, - Vbus/3, 0, Vbus/3, 2Vbus/3. Vi mt lc pht
xung n gin, ta c dng sng in p nh trn Hnh 2.12.
Hnh 2.12 Dng sng in p ra ca nghch lu p ba pha vi

ngun pht 6 xung
Nghch lu c lp ngun p ba pha bng phng php iu ch

rng xung PWM
Phng php iu ch rng xung PWM l phng php iu chnh
in p u ra ca b nghch lu da trn iu chnh vic ng ct ca
cc van. Bng cch s dng sng mang kiu xung rng ca v so snh
vi in p tham chiu (dng in p m ta mong mun u ra b
nghch lu), cc van c iu khin ng ct theo quy lut:
Sj = 1 nu
> vtri vi j = a,b,c
(2.53)
38
Trong :
l in p tham chiu ca mi pha
vtri l sng mang

Mi quan h gia bin v tn s gia sng mang v sng in p
tham chiu c phn nh qua cc h s sau:
H s iu ch tn s (mf) th hin quan h gia tn s ca sng
mang xung rng ca vi sng in p tham chiu, c biu din bi
cng thc:
(2.54)
ftri l tn s ca sng mang xung rng ca
Vi
fref l tn s ca sng in p tham chiu

Nhn chung, mf cng ln th in p u ra ca b nghch lu cng
c cht lng tt. Tuy nhin, do tn s ca sng mang (ftri) quyt
nh tn s ng ct ca cc van in t cng sut trong b bin i
nn gi tr tn s ny khng nn chn qu cao hn ch tn tht do
ng ct trn cc van in t cng sut. Do , khi chn gi tr cho
h s mf, cn xem xt n c hai ch tiu cht lng in p u ra v
tn tht cng sut trn b bin i.
H s iu ch bin (ma) th hin quan h gia bin ca
sng mang xung rng ca vi sng in p tham chiu, c biu
din bi cng thc:
| |
|
|
(2.55)
Vi iu kin l tng, mi quan h v bin gia thnh phn sng

hi c bn ca in p u ra vi in p trn t DC (Vbus) c phn
nh qua h s iu ch bin nh sau:
(2.56)
Ch rng, vi phng php iu ch rng xung PWM, khng

xy ra hin tng qu iu ch (ma 1) th bin thnh phn sng
hi c bn ca in p u ra ln nht l Vbus/2.
Hnh 2.13 th hin in p t c t u ra ca b nghch lu bng
phng php iu ch rng xung PWM vi cc h s mf = 20, ma =
39
0.9. Cng nh ni n phn trc, Hnh 2.13 cho thy cc thnh

phn in p u ra vao, vbo, vco ch c 2 mc in p (Vbus v 0), trong
khi cc thnh phn in p ra van, vbn, vcn c 5 mc in p (-2Vbus/3, Vbus/3, 0, Vbus/3, 2Vbus/3).
Hnh 2.13 in p u ra ca b nghch lu in p ba pha bng

phng php iu ch rng xung PWM vi mf = 20, ma = 0.9
Ngoi ra, Hnh 2.14 th hin cc ph sng hi ca in p gia pha A

v im trung tnh van. Thnh phn sng hi c bn ca in p van xut
hin vi bin bng 0.9 ti tn s fref , cc thnh phn sng hi khc
xut hin ch yu ti cc tn s bng bi s ca ftri. Do tn s ftri c
chn ln hn nhiu so vi tn s fref nn cc thnh phn sng hi trn
(khc thnh phn sng hi bc 1) ch xut hin ti tn s cao, khng xut
hin cc sng hi bc thp. iu ny gip ci thin cht lng in p
v dng in ti u ra ca b nghch lu, tuy nhin, nh ni trn,
n s lm tng tn tht cng sut trn cc van ng ct.
40
Hnh 2.14 Ph sng hi ca in p u ra b nghch lu van vi mf

= 20, ma = 0.9
2.2. H thng lin kt b bin i vi li, mch lc cm khng

M hnh lin kt b bin i vi li bao gm b bin i DC-AC pha
li, mch lc v in p trn li vag, nh trn Hnh 2.15.
Hnh 2.15 S thay th h thng lin kt b bin i vi li
B bin i DC-AC c thay th n gin bng cc kha ng ct l

tng. B bin i ny chuyn i in p v dng in t DC sang AC,
trong qu trnh chuyn i trn, cng sut c th i theo hai hng t AC
sang DC (trong ch chnh lu) v t DC sang AC (trong ch nghch
lu). Cc kha l tng trong s ny thay th cho mt van bn dn iu
khin hon ton v mt i-t mc song song ngc m bo dng in i
c theo hai hng. Trong bi lun vn ny, van bn dn iu khin hon
ton c dng l tranzito c cc iu khin cch ly (IGBT).
Mch lc bao gm t nht ba in cm (L), n lin kt mi pha ca u ra
b bin i DC-AC vi li. Khi yu cu i vi mch lc cao hn thi mi
in cm cn km theo mt t in (LC) hoc thm ch l mt t in v mt
in cm (LCL).
41
in p pha li c cung cp thng qua mt my bin p

(22kV/690V). in p ny c gi thit l ba pha cn bng v in p hnh
sin chun trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng. nh hng ca my bin p
tng p cng nh in khng ca h thng c b qua trong chng ny.
Mt gii php n gin i vi mch lc m cho hiu qu ng k l mch
lc ch s dng in cm, mt in cm trong mi pha. H thng mch lc
ba pha c m t bng ba tr khng ring bit. S thay th cho mi pha
ca h thng lin kt b bin i vi li c th hin trn Hnh 2.16. in
p xoay chiu u ra ca b nghch lu so vi im trung tnh c k hiu
vi ch s f.
Hnh 2.16 Mch in thay th n gin mt pha ca h thng lin kt b

bin i vi li
T mch in thay th trn, in p ti u ra ca b bin i c th c

suy ra t cc phng trnh:
(2.57)
(2.58)
(2.59)
Trong
Lf l in cm ca mch lc (H)
Rf l in tr ca mch lc ()
vag, vbg, vcg l in p ca li ti nt lin kt vi mch lc (V)
iag, ibg, icg l dng in chy t u ra b bin i qua mch lc ln li
vaf, vbf, vcf l in p u ra b bin i vi im trung tnh ca ti n (V)
42
2.3. H thng lin kt b bin i vi mch rotor ca DFIM

Nhn chung, h thng lin kt b bin i vi mch rotor ca DFIM cng
tng t vi h thng lin kt pha li, nh Hnh 2.17. B bin i pha
rotor to ra in p xoay chiu vi bin v tn s ph hp t ln rotor
phc v cho mc ch iu khin. B bin i ny lin kt vi b bin i
pha li thng qua h thng lin kt mt chiu.
Hnh 2.17 S thay th h thng lin kt b bin i

vi mch rotor ca DFIM
2.4. H thng lin kt mt chiu

Thnh phn to ra in p mt chiu trong b bin i AC-DC-AC l t
in DC. Nng lng tch tr trong t in DC (mt t hoc nhiu t mc ni
tip) c dng duy tr in p trn hai u t bng hng s. T in DC
lin kt hai b bin i pha rotor v pha li. Hnh 2.18 l s thay th
m hnh n gin ca h thng lin kt mt chiu, bao gm mt t in ni
song song vi mt in tr cao.
Hnh 2.18 H thng lin kt mt chiu
c th thay th b bin i AC-DC-AC bng mt m hnh n gin

(average model) ta cn tin hnh tnh in p trn t in DC. in p
ph thuc vo dng in qua t:
43
(2.60)
Dng in qua t in c tnh bi:

(2.61)
Trong :
ires l dng in qua in tr Rbus (A)
ig_dc l dng in mt chiu i t h thng lin kt mt chiu ln li (A)
ir_dc l dng in mt chiu i t mch rotor ca DFIM sang h thng lin
kt mt chiu (A)
3. Cc mch vng iu khin trong my pht in gi loi DFIG
3.1. Mc tiu iu khin ca my pht DFIG
Nng lng gi thng qua cc cnh qut s lm rotor trong tuabin quay.
Khi tc quay ny t n mt tc nht nh th my pht DFIG s quay
da trn nguyn l cm ng in t.
Cun dy stator ca my pht in DFIG pht in trc tip ln li.
Ngoi ra, phn rotor cng c kt ni vi li thng qua b bin i cng
sut (back-to-back converter). My pht in DFIG s c cp in t
stator v rotor nn c gi l my pht in ngun kp.
DFIG s vn hnh nh mt my pht tc trn hoc di ng b.
Trong trng hp tc trn ng b, my pht y nng lng ln li
thng qua rotor v ngc li, vi trng hp tc di ng b, my pht
nhn nng lng t li thng qua rotor. Nh vy, m bo DFIG vn
hnh c hai ch nu th phi c b bin i cng sut hai pha: pha
my pht (Rotor Side Converter - RSC) v pha li (Grid Side Converter GSC) lin kt hai h thng c tn s khc nhau.
Mc tiu iu khin my pht in DFIG gm c:
iu khin cng sut pht: iu khin cng sut tc dng bm cc
im vn hnh ti u ca turbine nhm ti u cng sut thc nhn c t
gi hoc hn ch cng sut u vo, trnh qu ti cho my pht khi tc
gi ln v iu khin cng sut phn khng trao i gia my pht
DIFG v li in nhm nng cao cht lng pht in, gp phn n nh
h thng in. iu khin cng sut tc dng v phn khng ln li mt
44
cch c lp vi nhau, thng qua iu khin cc thnh phn dng in

rotor.
Hnh 2.19 M hnh my pht in gi loi DFIG
iu khin gi in p trn t: Cng sut pht ra t rotor s c

chuyn ht ln li v ngc li trong trng hp li y cng sut v
rotor. Do vy, in p trn t s c duy tr tr s khng i, bo m cn
bng trong qu trnh trao i cng sut gia rotor ca my pht vi li.
iu khin gi in p u cc: in khin gi in p u cc stator
ca my pht in n nh nhm nng cao cht lng pht in. B bin i
GSC s to ra in p vi bin ln hn hoc nh hn so vi in p li
bm cng sut phn khng ln li hoc nhn v, qua iu chnh
c cng sut phn khng hay in p u cc stator ca my pht in.
thc hin mc tiu iu khin trn, ta s dng phng php iu
khin bng vector. iu khin vector cho php to ra nhng phn ng cc
nhanh v chnh xc ca c t thng ln moment lc trong qu trnh qu ,
tng ng nhng phn ng my in mt chiu.
Chng ny trnh by m hnh ng ca my pht in DFIG, thch hp
cho vic phn tch cc c tnh ca my in xoay chiu ba pha ch
qu . M hnh ton hc DFIG c xy dng trong c hai h trc ta
tham chiu: h trc ta tnh stator (h trc
) v h trc tham chiu
quay vi tc ng b (h trc dq). H phng trnh m t DFIG trong h

trc c dng xy dng s m phng, cn h phng trnh m t
DFIG trong h trc dq lm xut pht im tm v xy dng gii thut
iu khin.
45
3.2. Vector khng gian v cc php bin i

3.2.1. Biu din vector khng gian cho cc i lng ba pha
Cho i lng ba pha ca my in xoay chiu: na, nb, nc
Trong :
| |
(2.62)
| |
(2.63)
| |
(2.64)
i lng na,b,c c th l dng in, in p, t thng ca my in

xoay chiu.
Xt vector khng gian ca in p stator, c nh ngha nh sau:
(2.65)
Vi
3.2.2. Quan h gia cc h trc to abc,

Vector khng gian in p stator l mt vector c modul xc nh | |
quay trn mt phng phc gc
v to vi trc thc, trng vi cun
. Gi trc thc l v trc o l vung gc v
dy pha A mt gc
sm pha hn so vi trc
t , vector khng gian in p stator c th
biu din qua hai gi tr thc
v trc o
. H to to bi hai
trc ny c gi l h to stator c nh hay cn gi l h to
Mt cch tng qut, c th biu din mt vector khng gian bt k theo

cng thc:
(2.66)
Vector khng gian c th quy i v h to tham chiu tnh gn
vi stator ca my in v h to tham chiu ng dq.
(2.67)
Bng cch tnh hnh chiu cc thnh phn vector khng gian in p
c th xc nh c cc thnh phn theo phng
stator ln trc
php hnh hc kt hp vi cc phng php i s, t xc nh c

ma trn chuyn i t h to abc sang
*
nh sau:
]
(2.68)
]
46
V ngc li:
(2.69)
Hnh 2.20 Vector khng gian in p stator

v cc in p pha
3.2.3. Xy dng h to quy chiu quay dq

Trong mt phng ca h to , xt h to th hai c trc honh d,
trc tung q:
- Chung gc
- Lch i mt gc
vi
so vi h to stator
,
Khi tn ti hai to cho mt vector khng gian tng ng vi

hai h to . Mi lin h c biu th trong Hnh 2.21.
T Hnh 2.21 rt ra c cc cng thc v mi lin h ca hai to
mt vector tng ng trong hai h to :
- Mi lin h gia trc to dq v
(2.70)
(2.71)
47
V ngc li:
(2.72)
- Mi lin h gia h trc to dq v abc
*
][
(2.73)
V ngc li:
]
[
)]
Hnh 2.21 Chuyn h to cho vector t h to
(2.74)
sang dq
3.3. M hnh my pht khng ng b ngun kp DFIG

Hnh 2.22 biu din m hnh l tng ca my pht in gi di dng
mch in, khi cc gi tr in p tc thi trn stator, dng in, t thng
c xc nh bi cc cng thc:
(2.75)
(2.76)
(2.77)
48
Trong :
l in tr stator
l dng in ca cun stator trn cc pha a,b,c
l in p trn cun stator
l t thng ca cun stator trn cc pha a,b,c
Hnh 2.22 Mch in tng ng ca DFIG
Cc gi tr pha stator trng thi tnh c bin hnh sin khng i, bao
gm tn s, tc gc s .Tng t, cc gi tr pha rotor cng c biu
din di dng:
(2.78)
(2.79)
(2.80)
Vi cc gi tr c quy i v pha stator, trng thi tnh bin ca
tc gc r khng i. Mi lin h gia tc tn s pha stator v rotor
c biu din nh sau:
r + m = s
Trong :
(2.81)
m l tn s gc ca t tng.
Tng t, vi m l tc gc ca ng c c mi lin h vi tn s gc
ca t trng v s cp cc nh sau:
m = p. m
(2.82)
3.4. M hnh ton hc DFIG trong h trc ta tnh

cho vic m hnh ha v iu khin c d dng hn ta chuyn t h
trc ta abc sang h trc ta (thay v iu khin 3 pha vi nhiu
49
tham s th ta ch iu khin 2 pha vi t tham s hn). Hnh 2.12 biu din

s tng ng ca DFIG trong h trc ta tnh .
Hnh 2.23 S tng ng ca my pht DFIG trong h trc
Nhn cc cng thc (2.75) v (2.78) vi , nhn (2.76) v (2.79) vi

(trong :
nhn (2.77) v (2.80) vi
), thu c in p ca
DFIG trong khng gian vector:
Trong :
(2.83)
(2.84)
ln lt l in p, dng in, t thng trong
khng gian vector. Cng thc 2.83 biu din trong h ta

stator, hay cn gi l h quy chiu

ln lt l in p, dng in, t thng trong
khng gian vector. Cng thc 2.84 biu din trong h ta

rotor, hay cn gi l h quy chiu dq. S m k hiu r, s c
hiu l cc vector trong khng gian c ln lt chuyn i
v h ta rotor, stator.
Mt khc, mi quan h gia t thng v dng in trong khng gian
vector c biu din nh sau:
(2.85)
(2.86)
50
Vi Ls, Lr l in cm ca cun stator v cun rotor, Lm l in khng h

cm, c lin h vi in khng r Ls , Lr ca stator v rotor qua cng thc
(2.83). Chuyn i h ta cc cng thc (2.83), (2.84) ta c h thc:
(2.87)
(2.88)
H qu l cc cng thc ton ca DFIG c chuyn v cng h ta

), v c dng nh sau:
stator ( nhn (2.84) vi
(2.89)
(2.90)
( )
(2.90)
(2.91)
Cng sut tc dng, cng sut phn khng pha stator v rotor c tnh
ton theo cc cng thc sau:
{ }
(2.92)
{ }
(2.93)
{ }
(2.94)
{ }
(2.95)
{ }
(2.96)
3.5. M hnh ton hc DFIG trong h trc ta dq trong ch qu

Chuyn i sang h trc ta dq s lm cho vic iu khin c d
dng hn do cc i lng u ra l hng s.
Nhn ln lt cc cng thc (2.83), (2.84) vi
, ta c in
p stator v in p rotor c dng nh sau:
51
(2.97)
(2.98)
Vi
Hnh 2.24 S tng ng ca DFIG trong h trc dq
K hiu s m a biu th cc vector khng gian c chuyn v h

ta quay ng b. T cc cng thc (2.83), (2.84), s dng cng biu thc
v t thng, ta c:
(2.99)
(2.100)
Cng sut v mmen ca DFIG c tnh bi cc cng thc sau:

{ }
(2.101)
{ }
(2.102)
{ }
(2.103)
{ }
(2.104)
{ }
(2.105)
52
3.6. Nguyn l iu khin DFIG trong ch xc lp

Chn h quy chiu dq sao cho trc d trng vi vector in p stator v
b qua in tr mch stator Rs = 0, ta dn dt c cc cng thc:
(2.106)
| |
(2.107)
vo cc phng trnh (2.101) v (2.103) ta c:
Thay
(2.108)
(2.109)
Hnh 2.25 Phng chiu vector in p v t thng

trong h to dq
Vit li phng trnh t thng stator nh sau:

(2.110)
(2.111)
(2.112)
(2.113)
Thay vo cng thc (2.108) v (2.109) ta c:

(2.114)
{
(2.115)
53
T (2.107) v (2.111) ta c:
(2.116)
Thay vo cng thc (2.115), do tnh ton trong h n v tng i nn ta
c lc b h s t do, t suy ra:
(2.117)
(2.118)
{
(
(2.119)
(2.120)
T y rt ra cc nhn xt:
Cng sut tc dng v mmen ch ph thuc thnh phn dng in idr nn
idr chnh l i lng s dng iu khin cng sut tc dng u sc stator
hoc mmen Tem.
Cng sut phn khng ch ph thuc thnh phn dng in iqr nn iqr chnh
l i lng s dng iu khin cng sut phn khng u cc stator.
iu khin cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng c thc hin
bng cch tc ng ln in p rotor (do thit b iu khin - b bin i
cng sut nm bn pha rotor) thng qua hiu chnh hai thnh phn dng in
rotor.
3.7. Cc vng iu khin
3.7.1. Khi o lng
Hnh 2.26 biu din s mch vng iu khin khu o lng. Khu
ny c nhim v tnh ton, quy i cc gi tr u vo s dng trong qu
trnh iu khin.
Gi tr u vo in p stator qua mch kho pha (Phase Locked Loop
- PLL) cho ra gi tr in p u cc (Vmeas), tc gc stator ( s) v
gc stator ( ) cng vi gi tr dng in ba pha stator v pha li c
a qua khi tnh ton, quy i cc gi tr t h trc to abc sang h
trc to dq. Cc gi tr Vdqs, idqs v idq_gc, sau khi qua khi tnh ton
(Calculation Block) s cho ra gi tr cng sut tc dng, cng sut phn
54
khng u cc my pht. Ngoi ra, gc m cnh qut tuabin v dng

in pha rotor cng l gi tr u vo khi o lng.
Vabcs
iabcs
Vmeas
PLL
ws
s
Vdqs
2
Vabc_rotor_ctrl
Vabc_grid_ctrl
idqs
idq_gc
iabc_gc
Pitch angle
Pmeas Calculation
Control
block
Qmeas
Vref
m
idqr
iabcr
Pref
r
+
Filter and Measerment
Hnh 2.26 Mch vng iu khin khu o lng
3.7.2. Mch vng iu khin cng sut v tc tuabin
Hnh 2.27 ng c tnh cng sut pht tuabin
Vi c im khng n nh ca tc gi, ngi ta xy dng h

ng cong biu th mi quan h gia tc tuabin v cng sut tuabin
ng vi cc tc gi khc nhau. Mc ch ca vic ny nhm tm ra
im vn hnh tc tuabin sao cho cng sut t c ng vi tc
gi hin ti l ln nht c th hoc bng vi cng sut nh mc ngha l
khi tc gi thay i, tc tuabin s thay i cng sut t c l
ln nht. Hnh 2.27 biu th mi quan h gia tc tuabin v cng sut
tua bin ng vi cc tc gi khc nhau khi gc m cnh qut l 00.
55
T Hnh 2.27 ta thy ti tc gi bng 12m/s, cng sut tuabin s t

gi tr cc i khong 0,73 p.u khi tc tuabin l 1,2 p.u. Gi tr wref
tnh theo cng sut tc dng u cc c cho trong cng thc sau:
- Nu P
- Nu P
meas
meas
0,75, w
ref
= 1,2
< 0,75,
67
5
Tem_max
Speed_max
Pmeas
Calculate
wref
wref
Tem_cmd
PI
controller
-+
Speed_min
wmeas
pitch_max
pitch_max
Kp
PI
controller
pitch (deg)
+
+
Pref
Hnh 2.28 Mch vng iu khin cng sut v tc tuabin
Mch vng iu khin cng sut v tc tuabin gm c iu khin

tc tuabin bng mmen in v iu khin cng sut u cc bng
cch thay i gc m cnh qut. Trong ch s c, cng sut u cc
gim do b iu khin cng sut u cc bng gc m cnh qut s
nng cng sut u cc bng cch gim gc m cnh qut, lm cho s c
cng trm trng. Do vy cn thm mt b iu khin tc tuabin bng
gc m cnh qut s tc ng khi tc tng vt lm tng gc m cnh
qut, hn ch cng sut c a vo tuabin.
3.7.3. Mch vng iu khin pha rotor
idr_meas
Idr_ref_max
Tem_cmd
Calculate
PI
idr_ref
idr_ref
Vdr_ref
Calculate
Vdr_ref and Vqr_ref

Vmeas
Calculate
iqr_ref
with Qs = 0
Vdr
Vqr_ref
+
+
Vdr_ctrl
3
Vqr_ctrl
Vabcr
iqr_ref
r
idqs
+
PI
Vqr
iqr_meas
Hnh 2.29 Mch vng iu khin pha rotor
Mch vng iu khin pha rotor s iu khin mmen u cc Tem-cmd

v iu khin sao cho cng sut phn khng m Qs pht bng 0. Do
56
mmen u cc Tem-cmd ph thuc vo idr (cng thc 2.119) nn mun

iu khin ta phi tc ng vo i lng dng in idr.
Theo cng thc (2.118)
ph thuc vo thnh
phn iqr v in p u cc vg. S dng thnh phn dng in iqr iu

khin cng sut phn khng Qs = 0.
Nh vy, t hai thnh phn dng in idr v iqr ta tnh c v hiu
chnh li gi tr in p t ln b bin i pha rotor Vabcr.
3.7.4. Mch vng iu khin pha li
idg_meas
idg_max
Vdc_ref
PI
controller
Vdg
PI
idg_ref
Vdg_ref
-idg_max
Vdc_meas
Vdg_ref and Vqg_ref
+iqg_lim
Vref
PI
controller
iqg_ref
Vqg_ref
Vdg_ctrl
s
PI
Vabc_gc
Vqg_ctrl
Vdqs
-iqg_lim
Vmeas
Calculate
Vqg
iqg_meas
Hnh 2.30 Mch vng iu khin pha li
B bin i pha li (GSC) c nhim v chuyn cng sut t rotor

ln li v ngc li thng qua vic gi in p trn t l hng s. Cn
vic iu khin in p hay cng sut phn khng, b bin i GSC s
to ra in p vi bin ln hn hoc nh hn so vi in p li
bm cng sut phn khng ln li hoc nhn v.
1
idqc
Ic
idc2 iqc2
Ic
Ki
s
Ic_m
-+
iqg_limit
x
iqg_ref_limit
iqg _ ref _ limit
1 idg2 _ ref
idg_ref
Hnh 2.31 B gii hn dng in pha GSC
Cc thnh phn dng in idg v iqg b gii hn cng sut ca b bin

i. Nu hai thnh phn dng in ny qu ln gy qu ti b bin i
th h thng iu khin s gim gii hn ca hai thnh phn ny ty theo
mc v thi gian qu ti ca b bin i.
57
CHNG III
M PHNG MY PHT IN GI LOI DFIG TRN
MATLAB/SIMULINK V CC KT QU M PHNG
Matlab l ngn ng lp trnh cao cp, n l mi trng tnh ton s c thit
k bi cng ty MathWorks. Matlab cho php thc hin cc tnh ton s, ma trn,
v th cc hm s, hay biu din thng tin (di dng 2D, 3D), thc hin cc
thut ton v giao tip vi cc chng trnh ngn ng khc mt cch d dng,
Simulink/SimPowerSystem l phn m rng ca Matlab, l cng c thit k
mch cho php cc nh khoa hc v cc k s nhanh chng v d dng xy dng
cc m hnh m phng h thng in.
1. M hnh my pht in gi trn Matlab/Simulink
Nh gii thiu cc chng trc, trong chng ny, m hnh my pht
in gi c m phng bao gm cc phn t chnh nh my in khng ng
b, b bin i AC-DC-AC, h thng lin kt mt chiu t in DC, mch lc
Choke (mch lc lin kt b bin i vi li), my bin p tng p 690V/22kV
ti u cc my pht v m hnh tua-bin (Hnh 3.2).
1.1. My in khng ng b
Hnh 3.1 Thng s cho khi my pht khng ng b
58
Hnh 3.2 M hnh my pht in gi trn Matlab/Simulink
59
My in khng ng b c s dng l loi Wound Rotor, cc cun

dy stator v rotor c ni hnh sao. Tn hiu Tm c a vo my in
ny l mmen c ca tua-bin (n v pu) vi Tm > 0 th my in lm vic
ch ng c v ngc li vi Tm < 0 th my in lm vic ch my
pht in. Cc tn hiu ta c th ly ra t my in nh tn hiu dng in ba
pha stator (pu), dng in ba pha rotor (pu), tc rotor (pu), gc ca rotor
so vi trc stator (rad), mmen in t ca my in Tem (pu),
m phng mt trang tri in gi gm 50 my pht Vestas 1.8 MW vi
cc s liu cho chng 1, th thng s nhp vo cho khi my in khng
ng b ny nh Hnh 3.2. Trong tt c cc thng s c nhp vo trong
h n v tng i nh mc ca my pht Vestas vi Sm = 502.0431
(MW), Um = 690 (V), fm = 50 (Hz). Cc thng s in tr v in khng
ca rotor c nhp vo u c quy i sang pha stator.
1.2. Back-to-Back converter
B bin i pha li v b bin i pha rotor l hai b nghch lu c
lp, s dng s cu ba pha. Cc van in t cng sut c dng l IGBT
v it mc song song ngc. Tn hiu g a vo hai b bin i ny l 6
tn hiu iu khin ng ct cc van IGBT trong s .
H thng lin kt mt chiu l mt t in c in dung l 500.02 (F),
in p nh mc l 1600 (V), lin kt hai b bin i pha li v pha rotor.
Mch lc Choke lin kt b bin i vi li gm hai phn t l in tr
R c gi tr 0.003 (pu) v in cm L c gi tr 0.3 (pu) ti mi pha ring
bit.
My bin p c Z = 0% - 2020/690V lin kt mch rotor vi b bin i
c tc dng a in p t trn mch rotor v ng p in p thc t trn
mch rotor. Do trong m phng, tt c cc thng s cng nh in p t
trn mch rotor u c quy i sang pha stator vi Um = 690 (V) nn
a in p ti u ra b bin i pha rotor vi Um = 2020 (V) vo mch
rotor th cn qua my bin p ny. My bin p ny ch c tc dng trong m
phng, khng c trong s thc t.
60
1.3. M hnh cc b iu khin

iu khin cng sut v tc tua-bin
Nh trnh by chng 2, mch vng iu khin cng sut v tc
tuabin (Hnh 3.3) gm c iu khin tc tuabin bng mmen in
v iu khin cng sut u cc bng cch thay i gc m cnh qut.
Trong ch s c, cng sut u cc gim do b iu khin cng
sut u cc bng gc m cnh qut s nng cng sut u cc bng
cch gim gc m cnh qut, lm cho s c cng trm trng. Do vy cn
thm mt b iu khin tc tuabin bng gc m cnh qut s tc ng
khi tc tng vt lm tng gc m cnh qut, hn ch cng sut c a
vo tuabin.
Tem_max
Speed_max
Pmeas (mechanical pu)
Pmeas 0.75 wref = 1.2

Pmeas < 0.75
wref = -0.67P2+1.42P+0.51
wref
-+
K p _ speed
wmeas
pitch_max
K p _power
pitch_max
Kp_pitch
0
Speed_min
Tem_cmd
K i _ speed
K i _power
pitch (deg)
+
+
0
Pref
Hnh 3.3 M hnh b iu khin cng sut v tc tua-bin
Cc thng s trong b iu khin trn c cho Bng 3.1.

Bng 3.1 Thng s b iu khin cng sut v tc tua-bin
Thng s
Kp_speed
Ki_speed
Speed_max
Speed_min
Tem_max
Kp_pitch
pitch_max
Kp_power
Ki_power
Gi tr
3
0.6
1.2
0.7
1
150
27
3
30
iu khin b bin i pha rotor

Vi hai mc ch iu khin l iu khin mmen in v cng sut
phn khng, h thng iu khin s tc ng n b bin i RSC to ra
61
in p t trn rotor ph hp (Hnh 3.4), trong mmen in Tem s

c iu khin bng thnh phn dng in idr v i vi cng sut phn
khng Qs = 0 s c iu khin bng thnh phn dng in iqr. Cc
thng s trong b iu khin c cho Bng 3.2.
idr_meas
Idr_ref_max
+
Tem_cmd
idr
Tem
s
Lm
Lls Lm
iqr
Vdr
Kpr_reg+Kir_reg/s
idr_ref
Vdr Rridr ws wr Lriqr Lmiqs
Vdr_ref
Vdr_ctrl
Vqr Rriqr ws wr Lridr Lmids Vqr_ref + Vqr_ctrl

+
0
Vmeas
Vmeas
ws Lm
Vabcr
iqr_ref
r
idqs
+
Kpr_reg+Kir_reg/s
Vqr
iqr_meas
Hnh 3.4 M hnh b iu khin b bin i pha rotor

Bng 3.2 Thng s b iu khin b bin i RSC
Thng s
Gi tr
0.9
0.6
8
Idr_ref_max
Kpr_reg
Kir_reg
iu khin b bin i pha li

idg_meas
idg_max
Vdc_ref (V)
Vdc_meas (V)
K i _dc
K p _dc
Vmeas (pu)
Vdg
idg_ref
Vdg _ref Vds Ri. dg _ref X.iqg _ref
-idg_max
K p _ vo lt
Kpg_reg+Kig_reg/s
+iqg_lim
Vref (pu)
K i _ vo lt
Vqg _ref Vqs Ri. qg _ref X.idg _ref

iqg_ref
Vqg_ref
Vdg_ctrl
3
Vqg_ctrl
Vabc_gc
Vdqs
-iqg_lim
Vdg_ref
Kpg_reg+Kig_reg/s
Vqg
iqg_meas
Hnh 3.5 M hnh b iu khin b bin i pha li
B bin i pha li (GSC) c nhim v chuyn cng sut t rotor

ln li v ngc li thng qua vic gi in p trn t l hng s. Cn
vic iu khin in p hay cng sut phn khng, b bin i GSC s
to ra in p vi bin ln hn hoc nh hn so vi in p li
bm cng sut phn khng ln li hoc nhn v. Hnh 3.5 l m hnh b
iu khin b bin i pha li trong cc thng s ca b iu khin
c cho Bng 3.3.
62
Bng 3.3 Thng s b iu khin b bin i GSC
Thng s
Gi tr
8
400
0.4
2.5
200
0.83
5
Kp_dc
Ki_dc
Idg_max
Kp_volt
Ki_volt
Kpg_reg
Kig_reg
2. Cc kt qu m phng
M hnh m phng c xy dng gm mt nh my in gi cng sut 90
MW gm 50 tua-bin VESTAS V80. Nh my c u ni trc tip vi li
in 110 kV qua my bin p tng p 22/110 kV.
2.1. p ng ca DFIG trong ch xc lp
Vi tc gi l 15 m/s, nh my duy tr cng sut pht u cc l 90
MW ti gc m cnh qut ca cc my pht l 8.9o, trong in p u cc
my pht c gi bng 1 pu, cng sut phn khng ca nh my pht ln
li l 17 MVAr.
1.03
1.025
Terminal Voltage (V)
1.02
1.015
1.01
1.005
0.995
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
time (sec)
Hnh 3.6 p ng ca DFIG khi thay i in p t u cc
Hnh 3.6 th hin p ng ca nh my in gi DFIG khi thay i in

p u cc t 1 pu ln 1.02 pu. Vi b iu khin b bin i pha li GSC
v s tc ng t thi ca b nghch lu, in p u cc ca my pht n
nh gi tr 1.02 pu ch sau 0.05s. Nh vy so vi m hnh tua-bin gi loi
1 v 2 th m hnh loi 3 c kh nng iu chnh in p cng nh cng sut
phn khng vt tri hn hn khi m m hnh loi 1 v loi 2 cn cc b t
cung cp cng sut phn khng cho my pht SFIG to ra t thng trn
63
stator. Tuy nhin b Back-to-Back trong m hnh DFIG c gii hn cng rt

hn ch, trong ch hon ng bnh thng tng cng sut b Back-toBack vn chuyn c l 30% so vi cng sut nh mc my pht nn
phm vi iu chnh cng sut phn khng ca b bin i GSC ch khong 25 MVAr n +25 MVAr trong ch lm vic bnh thng.
Hnh 3.7 biu din cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca my
pht trong qu trnh thay i in p t trn. thay i in p t t 1 pu
ln 1.02 pu, b bin i thay i cng sut phn khng bm ln li t 17
MVAr ln 21 MVAr. Khi in p u cc my pht thay i, cng sut tc
dng ca my pht tng t 90 MW ln 93 MW do b iu khin cng sut
v tc tua-bin tc ng a cng sut v 90 MW.
100
95
90
85
80
Active & Reactive Power
75
70
P (MW)
Q (MVAr)
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
time (sec)
Hnh 3.7 Cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca my

pht trong qu trnh thay i in p t u cc
2.2. p ng ca DFIG trong ch s c
Hnh 3.8 S c ngn mch u cc my pht DFIG
64
Trong phn ny, ti s phn tch cc p ng ca DFIG trong ch s

c ngn mch ba pha i xng v ngn mch khng i xng xy ra ti u
cc my pht (Hnh 3.9). Cc i lng c xt n l dng ngn mch
DFIG o c ti u cc my pht, dng s c rotor, cng sut tc dng v
phn khng, in p u cc my pht, in p trn t DC, tc tua-bin v
gc m cnh qut.
S c ngn mch ba pha
Hnh 3.9 th hin dng s c ca DFIG khi ngn mch ba pha u
cc. C th thy dng ngn mch ca DFIG khc bit hon ton so vi
my pht ng b thng thng (c th hin trn Hnh 3.11). Dng
ngn mch ca DFIG cng bao gm hai thnh phn: thnh phn t do
(mt chiu) v thnh phn chu k, trong thnh phn mt chiu c gi
tr kh ln, tuy nhin thnh phn xoay chiu tt rt nhanh, bin dao
ng t 1.4 pu n 1.6 pu ch sau 0.1s khi ngn mch xy ra. Trong khi
, thnh phn chu k dng ngn mch ca my pht ng b c tnh
theo cng thc 3.1.
7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
6
5
4
3
DFIG fault current (pu)
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.9 Dng s c DFIG khi ngn mch ba pha u cc
Tnh ton dng in ngn mch qu thi gian u i vi my

pht ng b theo cng thc:
(
Trong :
)
,
(3.1)
tng ng l tr s ban u ca cc dng in
ngn mch qu v siu qu .

Thnh phn ICK0 l dng in ngn mch duy tr tnh ton
cho my pht vi gi thit l khng c tc ng ca TK
65
Synchronous Generator Fault Current

23
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
20
17
14
11
8
Current (kA)
5
2
-1
-4
-7
-10
-13
-16
-19
-22
-25
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
time (s)
Hnh 3.10 Dng ngn mch ba pha ca my pht ng b
T cng thc 3.1, dng in ngn mch qu chu k ca my pht

ng b gm ba thnh phn: thnh phn siu qu tt dn theo hng s
thi gian ca cun cn
( 0.05s), thnh phn qu tt dn theo hng
s thi gian ca cun kch t
(Td0 = 5 10s) v thnh phn
dng in ngn mch duy tr tnh ton vi gi thit khng c tc ng

ca TK. Nh vy trong khong thi gian u, dng ngn mch ca my
pht ng b ph thuc vo hng s thi gian ca cun kch t, cn i
vi DFIG, dng ngn mch ph thuc hon ton vo p ng ca b bin
i.
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
7
6
5
4
Iabc rotor (pu)
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.11 Dng s c rotor DFIG khi ngn mch

ba pha u cc
Hnh 3.11 th hin dng s c rotor ca DFIG khi ngn mch ba pha
u cc. Cng nh dng ngn mch DFIG, dng rotor tng vt khi ngn
mch xy ra nhng n nh trong khong 1.2 pu n 1.4 pu ch sau 0.1s.
66
180
170
P (MW)
Q (MVAr)
160
150
140
130
Active & Reactive Power
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.12 Cng sut tc dng v phn khng ca DFIG

trong s c
Hnh 3.12 th hin cng sut tc dng v phn khng my pht DFIG
trong s c ngn mch ba pha u cc. Trong ch k u xy ra s c,
dng ngn mch ln nn cng sut tc dng ca my pht gim xung 38
MW v sau tip tc gim xung 5 8 MW khi dng ngn mch DFIG
tt dn.
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.13 in p u cc my pht DFIG trong s c
Hnh 3.13 th hin in p u cc my pht DFIG trong s c ngn

mch ba pha u cc. Trc s c, in p u cc my pht c gi
bng 1.02 pu. in p ny gim xung cn 0.05 pu khi ngn mch xy
ra. Do in p gim thp nn cng sut phn khng bm ln t b bin
i GSC khng nhiu do in p u cc my pht khng c ci
thin trong trng hp ny.
67
3000
2900
2800
2700
2600
DC Voltage (V)
2500
2400
2300
2200
2100
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.14 in p trn t in DC trong s c
Hnh 3.14 th hin in p trn t in DC ca b bin i AC-DCAC trong s c ngn mch ba pha u cc. Trc s c, in p trn t
c gi ti gi tr nh mc l 1600 V. Khi s c xy ra in p u cc
my pht gim gn v 0 nn vic chuyn cng sut t rotor qua Back-toBack converter ln li b hn ch. Do , nng lng b tch tr trong t
in khin in p trn t tng nhanh n 2840 (V) khi s c xy ra v
hon ton c th nh thng cch in ca t.
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.25
Rotor speed (pu)
1.24
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.2
1.19
1.18
1.17
1.16
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.15 Tc tua-bin my pht DFIG trong s c
Hnh 3.15 th hin tc tua-bin my pht DFIG trong s c ngn

mch ba pha u cc. Trc s c, tc tua-bin c gi bng 1.2 pu.
Khi ngn mch xy ra, tc tua-bin gim xung 1.175 pu v sau
tng nhanh ln n 1.262 pu.
Hnh 3.16 th hin p ng ca b iu khin gc m cnh qut trong
s c. Trc s c, vi tc gi 15 m/s, b iu khin gi gc pitch =
8.9o duy tr cng sut pht ca my pht bng 1800 MW. Khi s c
68
xy ra, tc tua-bin tng vt so vi tc tham chiu nn b iu

khin s tng gc m cnh qut ln hn ch cng nhn cng sut c
cho tua-bin, gim cc tc hi do s c.
10.8
10.6
10.4
10.2
pitch (deg)
10
9.8
9.6
9.4
9.2
9
8.8
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.16 Gc m cnh qut ca tua-bin gi DFIG trong s c
S c ngn mch khng i xng

Hnh 3.17 th hin dng s c DFIG khi ngn mch mt pha u cc.
So vi dng in trc s c, dng ngn mch pha A (pha s c) khng
tng hn nhiu, ch dao ng trong khong 1.8 pu n 2 pu. Tuy nhin
do nh hng bi nhiu iu khin nn dng pha B v pha C cng b nh
hng. Dng in cc pha tng ln do b bin i GSC bm cng sut
phn khng ln li nng in p u cc my pht.
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
-2.5
-3
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.17 Dng ngn mch mt pha ca DFIG
Hnh 3.18 th hin dng s c DFIG khi ngn mch hai pha u cc.
Dng in hai pha s c (pha A v pha B) tng vt khi ngn mch xy
ra, nhng do p ng tc thi ca b bin i nn thnh phn chu k
dng ngn mch tt dn v khong 1.2 pu n 1.6 pu ch sau 0.1s. Trong
69
trng hp ny, dng in pha C cng b nh hng do nhiu iu khin.

Vi s c hai pha chm t, dng dng ngn mch cng cho kt qu
tng t.
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
Hnh 3.18 Dng ngn mch hai pha ca DFIG
Nh vy, qua cc phn tch trn cho thy dng dng ngn mch ca DFIG
khc bit hon ton so vi my pht ng b thng thng. Thnh phn chu
k ca dng ngn mch DFIG khng ln hn nhiu so vi dng in nh
mc, nn cc tc hi ca dng ngn mch n gii hn my pht khng nguy
him so vi trng hp my pht ng b. Tuy nhin, s c ngn mch gy
dng rotor tng cao, in p trn t DC tng vt, nn iu cn thit khi c s
c xy ra l phi kha b bin i AC-DC-AC li bo v cc van in t
cng sut v t in DC, sau ct my pht ra khi li.
70
PHN II
BO V MY PHT IN GI DFIG KHI U NI VI
LI V CC NH HNG CA DFIG N H THNG
RLE BO V
71
CHNG 4
YU CU LVRT I VI NH MY IN GI V H
THNG CROWBAR BO V MY PHT IN GI DFIG
1. Yu cu LVRT i vi my pht in gi v m hnh DFIG vi h thng
bo v crowbar
i vi cc trang tri in gi ln u ni trc tip vi li truyn ti, ngoi
cc yu cu v cng sut pht tc dng, cng sut pht phn khng, phm vi tn
s th i vi s c gim in p, my pht in gi cn phi duy tr kt ni vi
li trong mt khong thi gian trc khi c php ct ra. iu m bo
rng khng c s mt mt v ngun trong trng hp s c c gii tr. Vic
ct ngay mt trang tri in gi ra khi li s nh hng xu n s n nh ca
h thng in, c bit i vi cc trang tri in gi ln. Nh vy trong vn
hnh h thng in yu cu mi trang tri in gi phi c kh nng chu c s
c gim in p (LVRT Low Voltage Ride Through). V c tnh LVRT th
mi mt quc gia c quy nh ring ph hp vi mi h thng in, Hnh 4.1
biu din mt c tnh LVRT in hnh c ban hnh bi FERC (Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission) nm 2005.
Hnh 4.1 c tnh LVRT in hnh (Tfin = 0.625 s)
Hnh 4.1 cho thy vi s c st gim in p xung cn 0.15 pu, mt s c

kh nghim trng, th my pht in gi cn duy tr mt khong thi gian l
0.625 (s) mi c php ct ra. duy tr mt khong thi gian di nh vy
trong mt s c trn th my pht in gi cn c h thng bo v crowbar (Hnh
4.2). H thng crowbar thc cht l b in tr c iu khin ng ct bng
72
mt b bin i iu p xoay chiu s dng s cp thyristor mc song song

ngc. Khi c kch hot, h thng crowbar c tc dng bo v mch rotor
cng nh b bin i pha rotor ca DFIG v lm gim dng ngn mch pha
stator. Cc tc dng ca n cn ty thuc vo tr s in tr crowbar Rc c
dng. Khi dng in rotor vt qu gi tr gii hn th mch bo v crowbar
c kch hot v b bin i RSC pha rotor s kha li. Khi my pht in
gi hot ng nh mt my pht khng ng b ngun n, s thay th ch
ny c th hin Hnh 4.3. Ch hot ng ca my pht in gi c
xc nh qua cc phng trnh:
(4.1)
(4.2)
(4.3)
(4.4)
Hnh 4.2 M hnh my pht in gi loi DFIG c mch bo v crowbar
Hnh 4.3 S thay th DFIG vi mch bo v crowbar
73
Mch bo v crowbar c kch hot bi h thng pht hin s c bng cc b

gim st in p, dng in, tc tua-bin v in p trn t in DC. tm
hiu tc dng ca mch crowbar cng nh nh hng ca dng ngn mch n
DFIG, kch bn c m phng l s c ngn mch ti thanh ci trang tri in
gi (thanh ci pha cao p ca my bin p 690V/22kV) xy ra trong 0.2s vi cc
loi s c i xng v khng i xng (Hnh 4.4). Khi h thng bo v pht hin
ra s c (tr 10ms so vi thi im xy ra s c) th cc van thyristor ca mch
crowbar c m ra, trong khi b bin i pha rotor RSC vn tip tc kt ni
vi mch rotor. Ti thi im ny, dng in rotor va chy qua cc in tr
mch crowbar, va qua b bin i RSC. Khi mch crowbar c kch hot hon
ton th cc xung iu khin ng ct cc van ca b bin i RSC c kha li
v lc ny my pht in gi hot ng nh mt my pht khng ng b lng
sc. Sau khi s c bin mt, mch crowbar vn cn tip tc hot ng trong
10ms v sau b bin i RSC c kt ni li.
Hnh 4.4 S mt si h thng trang tri in gi kt ni vi li
2. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong ch s c

2.1. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong s c ngn mch ba pha
Vi s c ngn mch ba pha, cc kch bn c xy dng nh trn vi tr
s in tr mch crowbar khc nhau (Bng 4.1). Cc kt qu m phng c
ly ra so snh l dng in stator, dng in rotor, tc tua-bin, cng sut
tc dng, cng sut phn khng, in p u cc my pht v in p trn t
DC.
Bng 4.1 in tr crowbar trong cc kch bn
Trng hp 1
Trng hp 2
Trng hp 3
Trng hp 4
Khng s dng mch bo v crowbar

in tr mch crowbar = 0.1 pu
in tr mch crowbar = 1 pu
in tr mch crowbar = 10 pu
74
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc stator (pu)
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(a)
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc stator (pu)
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(b)
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc stator (pu)
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(c)
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc stator (pu)
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(d)
Hnh 4.5 Dng s c stator vi cc gi tr in tr crowbar khc
nhau
a) Khng s dng crowbar
c) in tr crowbar Rc = 1 pu
b) in tr crowbar Rc = 0.1 pu d) in tr crowbar Rc = 10 pu
75
7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(a)
7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(b)
7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(c)
7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(d)
Hnh 4.6 Dng ngn mch DFIG vi s c ngn mch ba pha u
cc trong cc trng hp
76
Hnh 4.5 v Hnh 4.6 cho thy s nh hng ng k ca in tr crowbar

n dng s c stator v dng ngn mch DFIG, dng s c gim khi tng
gi tr in tr crowbar. Hnh 4.5 (a) l dng s c stator khi khng s dng
mch bo v crowbar, thnh phn mt chiu ca dng s c rt ln, trong khi
thnh phn xoay chiu nh, ch dao ng t 1 pu n 1.2 pu. Khi mch
crowbar c s dng, vi ngn mch gn, in p xp x bng 0 th thnh
phn xoay chiu dng stator ca my pht khng ng b ngun n c gi
tr nh v gn nh b trit tiu khi Rc c gi tr ln (10 pu) v khi dng
ngn mch DFIG ch yu c bm t b bin i GSC (Hnh 4.6 (d))
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc rotor (pu)
-2
-4
-6
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(a)
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc rotor (pu)
-2
-4
-6
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(b)
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc rotor (pu)
-2
-4
-6
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(c)
77
8
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Iabc rotor (pu)
-2
-4
-6
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
time (sec)
(d)
Hnh 4.7 Dng s c rotor vi cc gi tr in tr crowbar khc nhau
Cng nh dng s c stator, dng s c rotor gim mnh khi in tr Rc

tng (Hnh 4.7). Ti Hnh 4.7 (a), dng s c rotor dao ng trong khong t
1.4 pu n 1.6 pu khi khng s dng mch crowbar. V khong dao ng
l 0.2 pu n 0.6 pu khi in tr crowbar c gi tr l 1 pu. Vi in tr
crowbar l 10 pu th dng s c rotor khng ng k, xp x bng 0.
1.28
1.26
1.24
Rotor speed (pu)
1.22
1.2
1.18
1.16
1.14
1.12
1.1
0.7
without crowbar
crowbar resistance = 0.1 pu
crowbar resistance = 1 pu
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
Hnh 4.8 Tc rotor trong s c vi cc gi tr in tr Rc khc nhau
Hnh 4.8 th hin s thay i tc rotor trong s c vi cc gi tr in

tr crowbar khc nhau. Tc rotor thay i khng nhiu khi s dng in
tr Rc khc nhau cng nh khng s dng mch crowbar. Sau khi s c xy
ra v trc khi mch crowbar c kch hot, tc rotor gim t 1.2 pu
xung 1.175 pu. Tc ca rotor tng nhanh khi mch crowbar c kch
hot. Gi tr ln nht ca tc rotor tng khi in tr crowbar tng. Sau khi
78
s c bin mt, tc rotor tip tc dao ng do b iu khin tuabin v

quay tr v gi tr xc lp l 1.2 pu.
180
without crowbar
160
140
Active Power (MW)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
Hnh 4.9 Cng sut tc dng ca my pht in gi DFIG trong s

c vi cc gi tr Rc khc nhau
Hnh 4.9 th hin s thay i cng sut tc dng ca my pht trong s c

vi cc trng hp in tr crowbar khc nhau. Trc khi s c xy ra, tng
cng sut pht ca trang tri in gi l 90 MW ti tc gi l 15 m/s.
Trong s c, tng cng sut pht gim xung l 5 MW khi khng s dng
mch bo v crowbar v gim xung ch cn 2 MW khi mch crowbar c
kch hot vi cc gi tr Rc khc nhau. Sau khi s c bin mt v b bin i
RSC c kt ni li th tng cng sut pht tng ln hn 100 MW, tip tc
dao ng v quay tr v gi tr xc lp l 90 MW.
Hnh 4.10 th hin s thay i cng sut phn khng v in p u cc
ca my pht in gi trong s c vi cc gi tr in tr crowbar khc nhau.
Sau khi s c xy ra, trong trng hp mch crowbar khng c kch hot,
b bin i pha li GSC hot ng nh mt STATCOM. Trong khong
thi gian s c, khi khng c in tr crowbar, cng sut phn khng ca
my pht l -4MVAr. Trong trng hp mch crowbar c kch hot, cng
sut phn khng ca my pht l -2 MVAr vi cc gi tr in tr Rc khc
nhau. Sau khi s c bin mt, dng cng sut phn khng trao i qua li
gia my pht in gi vi li trc khi h thng v trng thi xc lp. Khi
b bin i RSC c kt ni li, cng sut phn khng cng nh in p
79
u cc ca my pht dao ng mnh v thi gian n nh lu hn trong

trng hp khng s dng mch crowbar.
120
without crowbar
110
100
90
80
Reactive Power (MW)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(a)
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
without crowbar
0.2
0.1
0
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
(b)
Hnh 4.10 Cng sut phn khng (a) v in p u cc (b) ca
my pht in gi DFIG trong s c vi cc gi tr
in tr Rc khc nhau
Hnh 4.11 th hin s thay i in p trn t in DC vi cc in tr

crowbar Rc khc nhau. T in DC c in dung 10 mF vi in p nh mc
l 1600 V. Trong khong thi gian s c, in p u cc my pht gim
mnh, gn v 0 nn vic chuyn cng sut tc dng t b bin i RSC ln
li qua b bin i GSC b hn ch. Do vy, nng lng c tch ly trong
t in DC khin in p trn t tng nhanh. Khi h thng DFIG hot ng
khng c mch bo v crowbar, in p trn t tng ln 2860 V trong khong
thi gian s c. Khi mch crowbar c ng li lc 0.81 s, in p trn t
tng n 2220 V v bt u gim trong trng hp in tr crowbar bng 0.1
pu. Nhng in p trn t tng n 2350 V mi bt u gim trong trng
80
hp in tr Rc = 1 pu v tng n 2415 V trong trng hp in tr Rc = 10

pu.
3000
without crowbar
2800
2600
DC Voltage (V)
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
time (sec)
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
Hnh 4.11 in p trn t in DC trong s c vi cc gi tr in

tr Rc khc nhau
Cc kt qu trn cho thy s hot ng ca my pht in gi DFIG

vi mch bo v crowbar trong s c ngn mch ba pha u cc. Cc kt qu
th hin dng s c stator v rortor, tc rotor, cng sut tc dng v phn
khng ca my pht, in p trn t in DC trong ch xc lp, trong ch
s c v sau s c. Mch crowbar c s dng s lm gim dng in
stator, rotor v in p trn t DC trong s c, trong khi tc rotor li
tng. Khi khng s dng mch crowbar, cng sut tc dng ca my pht ln
hn trong trng hp s dng mch bo v. Khi s c bin mt v b bin
i RSC c kt ni li, DFIG c th ci thin cng sut phn khng nhanh
chng, h tr n nh in p trn li vi vic s dng mch crowbar.
Nhng dng s c stator, rotor; tc rotor; in p trn t DC; cng sut
tc dng v phn khng ca my pht b nh hng nhiu bi gi tr in tr
crowbar. Do , gi tr in tr crowbar cn chn cho ph hp vi tng mc
ch.
2.2. Tc ng ca crowbar n DFIG trong s c ngn mch khng i
xng
i vi s c ngn mch khng i xng, cc kt qu tp trung ch yu
vo s khc nhau gia dng ngn mch ca my pht v dng s c rotor
trong 2 trng hp khng s dng v s dng mch bo v crowbar. Cc
81
kch bn c xy dng l s c ngn mch khng i xng ti thanh ci

my pht vi trng hp khng s dng mch crowbar v trng hp in
tr crowbar Rc = 1 pu.
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
Rotor current (pu)
2
1
0
-1
-2
0.7
(a)
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
Rotor current (pu)
2
1
0
-1
-2
0.7
(b)
Hnh 4.12 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG v dng in rotor vi s c
ngn mch 1 pha (AG)
a) Khng s dng mch bo v crowbar
b) S dng mch bo v crowbar vi Rc = 1 pu
Hnh 4.12 th hin dng ngn mch o c ti im u cc my pht

DFIG v dng in rotor vi s c ngn mch 1 pha (AG). Khi khng s
dng mch bo v crowbar, dng ngn mch ca pha s c c bin 1.8 pu.
Trong trng hp ny, do nh hng ca nhiu iu khin nn dng in pha
B v pha C cng b nh hng. Dng in ba pha rotor u tng, bin
t 0.8 pu trong ch trc s c n 1.4 trong ch s c. Khi mch
crowbar c s dng, dng ngn mch pha s c gim, bin ch mc
1.1 pu, dng in rotor dao ng t 0.6 pu n 0.8 pu.
82
8
7
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
Rotor current (pu)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.7
(a)
8
7
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
Rotor current (pu)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.7
(b)
ngn mch 2 pha (AB)

DFIG v dng in rotor vi s c ngn mch 2 pha (AB). thy r hn s
nh hng ca mch bo v crowbar n dng ngn mch ta xt dng dng
in trong tng pha s c (Hnh 4.14 v Hnh 4.15).
Khi khng s dng mch bo v crowbar, gi tr nh-nh trong chu k
th hai ca dng in pha A l 8.9 pu v trong chu k tip theo l 6.7 pu
(Hnh 4.14). Khi mch bo v c kch hot vi in tr Rc = 1 pu th 2 gi
tr trn gim xung l 6.75 pu v 4.65 pu (Hnh 4.15). i vi dng s c
pha B, gi tr nh-nh trong chu k th hai v ba ln lt l 6.8 pu v 4.3
pu khi khng s dng mch crowbar v hai gi tr ny l 5.35 pu v 3.65 pu
trong trng hp s dng mch bo v. Lm tng t i vi dng s c
83
rotor, ta cng thy dng s c gim ngay sau khi mch crowbar c kch
hot.
Hnh 4.14 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG vi s c ngn mch 2 pha

khi khng s dng mch bo v crowbar
(a) Pha A
(b) Pha B
Hnh 4.15 Dng ngn mch ca DFIG vi s c ngn mch 2 pha

khi s dng mch bo v crowbar
(a) Pha A
(b) Pha B

DFIG v dng in rotor vi s c ngn mch 2 pha chm t (ABG). Cc
dng dng in trong trng hp ny khng khc so vi trng hp s c
ngn mch 2 pha.
84
8
7
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
0.75
0.8
0.85
time (sec)
0.9
0.95
Rotor current (pu)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.7
(a)
8
7
5
3
1
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
0.7
Phase A
Phase B
Phase C
Rotor current (pu)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
0.7
(b)
ngn mch 2 pha chm t (ABG)
Nh vy vic s dng mch bo v crowbar gip my pht in gi

DFIG trnh c cc tc hi gy ra do cc s c ngn mch i xng v
khng i xng nh gim dng s c stator v rotor, bo v qu in p trn
t in DC, h tr my pht nhanh chng tr v ch xc lp sau khi s c
c gii tr v c bit l gip my pht duy tr c kt ni vi li trong
ch s c m bo yu cu LVRT.
85
CHNG 5
NH HNG CA DFIG VI CROWBAR N H THNG
RLE BO V
1. H thng bo v rle i vi nh my in gi loi DFIG
Hnh 5.1 minh ha phng thc u ni vi li in 110 kV v h thng bo
v rle i vi nh my in gi. H thng rle bo v c chia lm nhiu
vng, bao gm vng bo v cho my pht, vng bo v cho thanh ci, vng bo
v cho my bin p 22/110 kV v vng bo v ng dy truyn ti kt ni vi
nh my in gi. Mi vng bo v u c mt hoc nhiu rle bo v ph hp
cho tng mc ch. Vng bo v cho my pht gm cc chc nng bo v c
cho Bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1 Cc chc nng bo v cho vng bo v my pht
K hiu (M
ANSI)
50
51
50N
51N
27
59
81O
81U
46
49
55
32
12
38
87T
25
50BF
Tn chc nng
Rle qu dng ct nhanh
Rle qu dng c thi gian
Rle qu dng th t khng ct nhanh
Rle qu dng th t khng c thi gian
Rle thp p
Rle qu p
Rle qu tn s
Rle tn s thp
Rle qu dng th t nghch
Rle chng qu ti
Rle h s cng sut
Rle chng cng sut ngc
Thit b chng qu tc tua-bin
Thit b chng qu nhit vnh trt tua-bin
Rle bo v so lch my bin p
Rle ha ng b
Chc nng chng t chi my ct
Vng bo v cho cc l cp 22 kV cng s dng cc rle qu dng ct nhanh

(50), qu dng c thi gian (51), qu dng th t khng ct nhanh (50N), qu
dng th t khng c thi gian (51N) v qu dng c hng (67); rle qu p
(59), thp p (27); rle tn s (81O/U) v rle ha ng b (25).
Vng bo v cho thanh ci 22 kV s dng rle so lch thanh ci (87B); rle
qu dng v qu dng th t khng c thi gian (51/51N) v rle chng t chi
my ct.
86
Hnh 5.1 Phng thc u ni vi h thng v bo v cho nh my in gi loi DFIG
87
Vng bo v cho my bin p 22/110 kV s dng rle so lch my bin p

(87T) lm bo v chnh, ngoi ra cn s dng rle chng chm t hn ch
(REF) v rle kh (63).
Vng bo v cho ng dy 110 kV s dng rle khong cch (21), rle so
lch ng dy (87L), rle nhn thng tin phi hp tc ng t bo v u i
din (85), rle bo v qu dng v qu dng th t khng c thi gian (51/51N)
v rle tn s (81).
Phn bo v cho nh my c nh sn xut cung cp sn nn trong
chng ny s nh gi nh hng ca nh my in gi loi DFIG n h thng
rle bo v pha ng dy. Nh trnh by trn, h thng rle bo v pha
ng dy bao gm rle khong cch, rle so lch v rle qu dng. Qua cc kt
qu phn tch Chng 4, vic nh gi nh hng ca DFIG n h thng rle
bo v phi lun lun km theo s tc ng ca h thng bo v crowbar, c
bit trong cc s c ngn mch. Khi s c ngn mch xy ra, h thng crowbar
tc ng khin dng ngn mch gim nn rle qu dng khng c nhiu tc dng
trong trng hp ny. Ngoi ra, rle so lch ng dy i hi cn c cng ngh
cao v khng c s dng ph bin trong li in quc gia nn bo v khong
cch c s dng lm bo v chnh cho ng dy. Do , chng ny s nh
gi nh hng ca DFIG vi crowbar n rle khong cch.
2. Nguyn l bo v khong cch
Rle khong cch c chn lm bo v chnh cho ng dy truyn ti vi
nhng u im ni bt nh nhy, tnh chn lc cao, tc pht hin s c
nhanh, ph hp cho c ng dy trn khng cng nh cp, l ng dy c mt
mch hoc nhiu mch, mng ng dy hnh tia hoc mch vng v ph hp
vi nhiu cp in p.
Rle khong cch tnh gi tr tng tr th t thun ti im t rle nhn v
pha ng dy nhn bit s c v xc nh v tr s c. Tng tr ( ) m rle
khong cch tnh c chnh l tng tr on ng dy t im t rle n
im s c xy ra. Tng tr c tnh bng in p v dng in o
c ti im t bo v nh sau:
(5.1)
88
Trong , cc gi tr u vo , i vi tng loi s c c cho trong

Bng 5.2.
Bng 5.2 Cc thng s rle khong cch xc nh tng tr on s c vi tng loi s c
Loi s c
a-g
b-g
c-g
a-b
b-c
c-a
Vi
h s c ci t
cho rle.
Tng tr m rle khong cch tnh c s t l vi khong cch t im t

rle n im s c, nhng gi tr tng tr rle o c ny b nh hng bi cc
yu t nh hon v cc pha ca ng dy, tng h gia cc mch ng dy,
tro lu cng sut, in tr h quang v in tr s c,
Bo v khong cch ch tc ng khi in tr rle o c
(trong
l tng tr c trng cho gii hn vng tc ng ca rle) v khng tc ng
nu > . Vi tng tr o c, ta c: = Rf +jXf, vi Rf v Xf tng

ng l in tr v in khng rle o c. Nh vy, biu din vng tc ng
ca rle khong cch ta cn biu din trn mt phng phc. Hnh 4.2 biu din
vng tc ng ca rle khong cch dng c tnh hnh a gic vi ba vng tc
ng. Vi c tnh tc ng kiu a gic ny, rle khong cch s tc ng chnh
xc vi cc s c chm t m rle b nh hng bi in tr h quang v in
tr s c ln.
Hnh 5.2 c tnh tc ng kiu a gic ca rle khong cch
89
Cc vng bo v c ci t c th nh sau:
- Vng 1 bo v 90% on ng dy AB
- Vng 2 bo v thp nht l 120% on ng dy AB v khng vt
qu 50% on ng dy tip theo BC.
- Vng 3 bo v 120% tng chiu di hai on AB v BC.
3. Rle bo v khong cch 7SA522 - Siemens
3.1. Gii thiu chung
R le 7SA522 l loi rle s do Siemens sn xut, c dng vi chc
nng chnh l bo v cho ng dy bng nguyn l bo v khong cch.
7SA522 c thit k p ng nhanh v cch ly c chn lc trn ng
dy truyn ti v cp truyn ti v ng dy trn khng c hoc khng c t
b. 7SA522 c mt s c im ni bt nh:
-
Thi gian ngt c tc nhanh.
Ph hp vi dy cp v ng dy trn khng c hoc khng t b.
Lin lc gia cc r le s vi nhau qua 2 v 3 lin kt u cui.
C kh nng ng li t ng (ADT).
3.2. Cu trc phn cng

SIPROTEC 7SA522 c trang b h thng vi iu khin mnh. Tt c
cng vic, nh thu nhn s lng sng thu c, a ra lnh iu khin
mch ct v thit b h thng in s cp khc, u c x l hon ton
bng k thut s. Hnh 5.3 biu din cu trc ca 7SA522.
u vo tng t
u vo thit b o (MI) bin i dng in v in p n t my
bin in p v lp chng theo mc tng ng x l. Thit b c 4
u vo dng in v 4 u in p vo. Nhm b bin i tng t s
AD bao gm bin i tng t/s v cc thnh phn nh cho d liu trao
i ti h thng my vi tnh.
H thng my tnh
H thng my tnh C thc hin x l gi tr o c, ngoi ra cn c
cc chc nng iu khin, bao gm:
-
Lc v bin i tn hiu o c.
Tip tc gim st khi lng o c.

90
Gim st cc ch thu cho ring cc chc nng bo v.
t cu hi cho gi tr gii hn v trnh t thi gian.
iu khin tn hiu cc chc nng logic.
Quyt nh iu khin phm vi ngt v ng.
Lu tr tin nhn, h hng d liu v gi tr li cho mc ch phn

tch li
Hnh 5.3 Cu trc phn cng rle k thut s 7SA522
u vo, u ra nh phn
u vo, ra nh phn ti h thng my tnh c nh hng thng
qua mun I/O (cc u vo v ra). H thng my tnh thu nhn thng
tin t h thng (v d ci t li t xa) hoc thit thit b ngoi (v d ra
lnh chn).
Cc thnh phn pha trc
Mn hnh LEDs v mn LCD cung cp thng tin trong chc nng ca
thit b v cc trng hp ch dn, trng thi, gi tr o c. Tt c
91
thng tin ca thit b c th c truy nhp s dng b iu khin tch

hp v phm s. Thng tin bao gm bo v v ci t iu khin, thng
bo hot ng v li, v cc gi tr o c.
Hnh 5.4 Thit k mt trc rle 7SA522
Mt trc kt ni ti PC. Giao din h thng cho vic kt ni h thng

iu khin thng qua nhiu giao thc: IEC 61850 Ethernet, IEC 60870-5103, PRFIBUS-FMS/-DP, DNP 3.0. S ng b thi gian thng qua
IRIGB hoc DCF77 hoc giao din h thng.
Ghp ni
Thng qua giao din ngi dng trn bng mt trc ca thng tin
lin lc vi mt my tnh c nhn c th s dng vn hnh chng trnh
DIGSI. Tt c cc d liu thit b c th c truyn ti n v nh gi
trung tm hoc iu khin trung tm thng qua h thng SCADA.
B ngun
Nhng m t chc nng ny c cung cp bi b ngun PS vi cc
cp in p khc nhau. Nhng vn v st ngun m c th xy ra
trong ngn mch ngun in p ph ca h thng in u c s dng
b cu t in.
92
3.3. Tng quan cc chc nng ca 7SA522

Chc nng bo v
Hnh 5.5 Cc chc nng bo v ca rle 7SA522
Cc chc nng bo v ca rle 7SA522 c th hin trn Hnh 5.5:

-
Bo v khong cch: y l chc nng chnh ca 7SA522 (21/21N).
Cc chc nng bo v qu dng chm t (50N/51N/67N).
Bo v truyn thng: rle nhn thng tin phi hp tc ng t bo v

u i din (85).
B nh v h hng (FL).
Pht hin/ngt dao ng cng sut (68/68T).
Bo v qu dng in pha (50/51/67).
Bo v qu dng ng dn STUB (50 STUB).
Bo v li ng chuyn mch (50HS).
Bo v qu/gim in p (59/27).
Bo v qu/gim tn s (81O/U).
Rle t ng li (79).
Kim tra ho ng b (25).
Bo v s c my ct (50BF).
Chc nng iu khin

- iu khin my ct
- iu khin dao cch ly
Chc nng gim st
- Gim st mch ct (74TC)
93
- T gim st r le
- Gim st gi tr o c v ghi chp s kin/ li
- Thu li li dao ng
- Thng k s chuyn mch
3.4. Chc nng bo v khong cch ca rle 7SA522
Chc nng bo v khong cch c th la chn vi c tnh a gic hoc
c tnh Mho hoc c hai c tnh tu thuc vo cc phin bn rle hoc
ngi s dng.
Cc vng lm vic vi c tnh a gic ca rle 7SA522 (Hnh 5.6)
Hnh 5.6 c tnh a gic ca rle 7SA522
Vng 1 (Z1): C di bng 80-90% tng tr ng dy bo v vi

thi gian tc ng T1.
Vng 2 (Z2): C di bng tng ca ng dy c bo v v

50% ca ng dy lin k (th 2) ln nht vi thi gian tc ng
T2.
Vng 3 (Z3): C di bng tng ca ng dy c bo v vi

ng dy lin k di nht v 25% c dy th 3, hoc bng 120%
tng ca ng dy c bo v vi ng dy lin k di nht vi
thi gian tc ng T3.
Vng 4, 5 (Z4, Z5): Thng thng ci t bo v vng ngc cho h

thng vi thi gian tc ng T4, T5.
94
Vng iu khin (Z1B): Vng ny c th kch hot bng cch ci t

hng thun (Forward), hng ngc (Reverse), khng hng (Non
Derectional) hoc khng cho php vng no lm vic (Inactive),
vi thi gian lm vic l T1B. Vng Z1B c s dng phi hp vi
chc nng ng lp li cho h thng bo v t xa, vng Z1B ci t
t nht l 120% chiu di ng dy bo v.
c tnh MhO ca rle 7SA522 cng c 5 vng lm vic c lp. Cc

vng lm vic c tnh MhO cng tng t nh c tnh a gic. Tuy nhin
vic chn c tnh no lm vic l do ngi s dng. c tnh MhO c dng
nh Hnh 5.7.
Hnh 5.7 c tnh MhO ca rle 7SA522
3.5. Gii thut ca rle 7SA522

S logic khi o tng tr pha-pha
Hnh 5.8 th hin logic o tng tr pha-pha ca rle 7SA522, trong
, tng tr ng dy s c c tnh bng:
(5.2)
T gi tr tnh c trn, kt hp vi cc iu kin v dng in,

tn hiu ng ct my ct, khi o tng tr s gi cc gi tr RL1-L2 v
XL1L2 n khi xc nh Zone.
95
Hnh 5.8 Logic o tng tr pha-pha ca rle 7SA522
S logic khi o tng tr pha-t
Hnh 5.9 Logic o tng tr pha-t ca rle 7SA522
Hnh 5.9 th hin logic o tng tr pha-pha ca rle 7SA522, trong

, cc thnh phn RL1-E v XL1-E ca tng tr ng dy s c c tnh
bng:
(5.3)
(
(5.4)
vi
UL1-E l gi tr hiu dng ca in p ngn mch

IL1 l gi tr hiu dng ca dng in pha ngn mch
IE l gi tr hiu dng ca dng th t khng
U l gc ca in p ngn mch
L l gc ca dng in pha ngn mch
E l gc ca dng in th t khng
96
S logic khi tc ng my ct
Hnh 5.10 Logic o khi tc ng my ct ca rle 7SA522
Hnh 5.10 th hin s logic khi tc ng cho zone 1 ca rle

7SA522. Rle c th tc ng ct tng pha hoc ct c ba pha v c th
ci t thi gian tc ng cho s c ngn mch mt pha v nhiu pha vi
thi gian khc nhau. S logic khi tc ng my ct cho cc zone
khc cng hon ton tng t.
4. M hnh m phng rle khong cch
T cc l thuyt trn v gii thut ca rle 7SA522, ti xy dng m
hnh m phng rle khong cch theo nguyn l c bn ca rle tng tr (chc
nng bo v 21/21N). Gii thut ca rle c lp trnh bng ngn ng C v kt
hp vi m hnh m phng DFIG thng qua Simulink S-Function.
Hnh 5.11 trnh by thut ton m phng rle bo v khong cch vi hai vng
tc ng (Zone 1 v Zone 2) v c tnh lm vic kiu a gic. Cc gi tr tng
tr , , , ,
s c rle tnh ton cng mt lc trong mi
chu k ly mu vi cc tham s u vo l , , , , , ly t php bin

i Fourier. Cc gi tr tng tr trn s c a qua khi logic xc nh Zone.
Nu c bt k mt gi tr tng tr trong 6 gi tr , , , ,
thuc vng tc ng (Zone 1 hoc Zone 2) th khi ny s a tn hiu khi ng

khi tc ng my ct. Khi tc ng s ch mt khong thi gian tr, chnh l
thi gian tc ng c ci t cho tng Zone, sau a tn hiu tc ng my
ct. Khi logic xc nh khong cch, loi s c s lm vic sau khi a tn
hiu tc ng my ct. Cch xc nh loi s c da vo cc tn hiu tc ng
ca cc vng tng tr nh Bng 5.3.
97
A, B, C,
U U
Z
I I
A
A,
B,
AB
AB Zone1
tAB ++
ZoneAB = 1
t_tripAB
AB_trip = 1
Yes
No
AB_trip = 1
tAB t_tripAB
Yes ZoneAB = 2
Set trip = 1
out = 0
AB_trip, BC_trip,
CA_trip, AG_trip,
BG_trip, CG_trip,
ZoneAB, Zone BC,
ZoneCA, ZoneAG,
ZoneBG, ZoneCG.
Next sampling cycle
t_tripAB
AB_trip = 1
No
Yes
No
No
tAB ++
AB Zone2
Yes
Next sampling cycle
Set tAB = 0
AB_trip = 0
AB
BC
CA
AG
BG
CG
trip = 1
Yes
tCB ++
No
tCB = 40
Yes
Determine the fault type based

on AB_trip, BC_trip, CA_trip,
AG_trip, BG_trip, CG_trip,
Determine
the fault
distance and
zone
Disp: Zone
Distance
Fault Type
No
Next sampling cycle
Next sampling cycle

Hnh 5.11 Thut ton m phng rle bo v khong cch
98
Bng 5.3 Cch xc nh loi s c da vo cc tn hiu tc ng ca cc vng tng tr
Loi s c
Vng tng tr
A-g
A-g
B-g
B-g
C-g
C-g
A-B
A-B
B-C
B-C
C-A
C-A
A-B-g
A-B, A-g, B-g
B-C-g
B-C, B-g, C-g
C-A-g
C-A, C-g, A-g
A-B-C
A-g, B-g, C-g, A-B, B-C, C-A
Cch xc nh khong cch t im t rle n im xy ra s c (Lf) c

cho phng trnh (2), do thnh phn Rf m rle o c b nh hng ca in
tr h quang v in tr s c nn vic xc nh Lf da vo thnh phn in
khng Xf m rle o c.
(5.5)
Vi Lline l chiu di ng dy v Xline l in khng ng dy.
5. nh gi nh hng ca DFIG n rle khong cch
M hnh li in nh gi s nh hng ca DFIG n rle khong cch
c xy dng nh Hnh 5.1. Nh my in gi c cng sut 90 MW c u
ni trc tip vi ng dy 110 kV thng qua my bin p tng p 22/110 kV,
cp in cho cc ph ti thng qua cc ng dy AB 50 km v BC 30 km, ng
thi lin kt vi h thng B 110 kV qua ng dy 50 km. Chng ny s nh
gi nh hng ca DFIG vi crowbar n rle khong cch c t ti A bo v
ng dy AB, cng nh bo v nh my in gi. Cc kch bn c xy dng
l cc s c ngn mch xy ra trn cc on ng dy AB v BC. S c ngn
mch c xt n ch yu l cc s c ngn mch khng i xng vi cc s c
ngn mch mt pha v hai pha do xc sut xy ra trn thc t vi cc loi ngn
mch ny l ln nht.
99
5.1. S c ngn mch mt pha
(a)
(b)
Hnh 5.12 Qu o tng tr AG khi ngn mch mt pha
a) My pht in gi khng s dng crowbar
b) My pht in gi s dng crowbar
Gi s s c ngn mch mt pha xy ra trn ng dy AB ti v tr cch im

t rle (im A) 30 km. Khi qu o tng tr AG m rle nhn thy c
rle ghi li Hnh 5.12. Trong c hai trng hp my pht khng s dng v c
s dng crowbar th rle khong cch u tc ng ng. Trong trng hp my
pht khng s dng crowbar, qu o tng tr AG i vo Zone 1 lc 0.016s k t
thi im s c xy ra. Khong cch im s c m rle nhn thy dao ng
100
trong khong 28 km n 34.2 km xc lp quanh gi tr 30 km. Vi trng hp

my pht s dng crowbar bo v, khi mch crowbar c kch hot lc 0.02s k
t thi im xy ra s c th my pht thay i ch lm vic, t my pht
khng ng b ngun kp sang my pht khng ng b ngun n. Khi ,
my pht nhn cng sut phn khng, in p u cc gim khin qu o tng
tr AG b dao ng mnh lm cho khong cch im s c m rle nhn thy
thay i trong khong 23.6 km n 33.8 km v sau xc lp quanh gi tr 30
km. Nh vy, khi c crowbar tc ng bo v my pht th rle khong cch
s gp sai s ln v c th tc ng nhm.
Tip theo xt s c ngn mch mt pha xy ra ti B, u ng dy BC, thuc
Zone 2 ca vng bo v rle. Qu o tng tr AG m rle nhn thy trong
trng hp ny c rle ghi li Hnh 5.13. Khi crowbar c kch hot, qu
o tng tr AG tip tc dao ng v i vo Zone 1 vng bo v. Nh vy, rle
s tc ng nhm nu thi gian t cho Zone 1 ca rle khong cch l 0 s.
Hnh 5.13 Qu o tng tr AG vi s c thuc Zone 2
5.2. S c ngn mch hai pha

Xt s c ngn mch hai pha xy ra ti v tr cch im t rle 30 km trn
ng dy AB. Qu o tng tr AB m rle nhn thy c ghi li Hnh
5.14. Cng ging nh trng hp ngn mch mt pha, khi mch crowbar
c kch hot th qu o tng tr AB b dao ng, khong cch im s c
101
m rle nhn thy thay i trong khong 25.2 km n 36.6 km v xc lp

quanh gi tr 30 km.
Hnh 5.14 Qu o tng tr AB trong trng hp s c

ngn mch hai pha
6. Tng kt
6.1 nh hng ca trang tri in gi DFIG vi h thng bo v
crowbar n hot ng ca r le ng dy
M hnh tuabin gi loi 3 cho thy nhng u im vt tri so vi cc m
hnh loi 1 v loi 2 nhng cn i hi mt h thng bo v phc tp tha
mn cc yu cu v vn hnh. Cc kt qu cho thy h thng crowbar khng
ch bo v b bin i trong s c m cn gip gim dng s c stator v
rotor ng thi bo v qu in p trn t in DC lin kt hai b bin i.
Tuy nhin, h thng crowbar cng c nhng tc ng xu ngc tr li
my pht nh tc tuabin tng khi gi tr in tr crowbar tng, hn na,
vic thay i ch hot ng t my pht in khng ng b ngun kp
sang ngun n khi crowbar c kch hot khin in p u cc my pht
gim do my pht nhn cng sut phn khng to t thng trn stator v
c th gim xung di mc tiu chun LVRT c quy nh.
Bn cnh h thng bo v crowbar c th gy nh hng xu n h
thng bo v. m bo cc r le ng dy hot ng ng, c th cn
phi tng thi gian tc ng ca r le, nhm m bo qu o tng tr tr
nn n nh trc khi ra quyt nh tc ng.
102
Cc kt qu trn c c da trn nguyn l bo v ca crowbar v

nguyn l iu khin DFIG (d-q). y l cc nguyn l thng dng c m
t trong cc ti liu.
Cc nh sn xut c th c cc phng thc c bit iu khin DFIG
trong ch s c. Khi cn thc hin li nghin cu ny vi m hnh cp
nht.
6.2 Hng pht trin ca ti
M phng v nh gi nh hng ca nh my in cng ngh DFIG n
cc r le bo v vi nhiu nguyn l khc nhau nh: r le qu dng, r le
in p, r le so lch cng nh kh nng phi hp gia cc chc nng bo
v vi s c gn nh my in gi. T , a ra cc khuyn ngh v phng
thc bo v v cch thc chnh nh ti u cho bo v ng dy gn cc
nh my in gi.
Pht trin cc gii thut bo v mi, ph hp hn vi cc ngun in gi
DFIG ni ring, cng nh cc ngun in phn tn cng ngh mi, s dng
in t cng sut ni chung. Cc nghin cu hin nay cho thy dng in s
c ca cc nh my in s dng b bin i in t cng sut c s khc
bit cn bn so vi dng s c ca cc my in ng b truyn thng. V
vy, trong tng lai cc r le bo v k thut s cn c trang b nhng gii
thut nng cao hn nhm m bo tin cy v chn lc ca chng.
103
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]
[2]
G. Abab, J. Lpez, M. A. Rodrguez, L. Marroyo, G. Iwanski; Doubly Fed

Induction Machine: Modeling and Control for Wind Energy Generation; the
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 2011.
Paul Krause, Oleg Wasynczuk, Scott Sudhoff, Steven Pekarek; Analysis of
electric machinery and drive systems; IEEE Press 2002.
[3]
Nicholas W. Miller, William W. Price, Juan J. Sanchez-Gasca; Dynamic

Modeling of GE 1.5 and 3.6 Wind Turbine-Generators; GE Power Systems
2003.
[4]
Omar Noureldeen; Behavior of DFIG Wind Turbines with Crowbar Protection

under Short Circuit; International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences
IJECS-IJENS 2012.
[5]
Rita Isabel Alexandre Lcio; Behavior of Distance Protection near Wind

Farms; Instituta Superior Tcnico.
[6]
Trn Trng Minh, V Hong Phng; Thit k iu khin cho cc b bin i

in t cng sut; Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni 2014.
[7]
GS. TS L Vn t; Ngn mch trong h thng in; Nh xut bn Khoa hc v

K thut 2005.
[8]
GS. VS Trn nh Long; Bo v cc h thng in; Nh xut bn Khoa hc v

K thut 2010.
[9]
GS. TS Nguyn Don Phc; L thuyt iu khin t ng; Nh xut bn Khoa

hc v K thut 2005.
[10] V Gia Hanh, Trn Khnh H, Phan T Th, Nguyn Vn Su; My in 1;

Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut 2006.
[11] Lina He, Chen-Ching Liu; Impact of LVRT Capability of Wind Turbines on
Distance Protection of AC Grids; IEEE - 2013.
[12] Ali Hooshyar, Maher Abdelkhalek Azzouz, Ehab F. El-Saadany; Distance
Protection of Lines Connected to Induction Generator-Based Wind Farms During
Balanced Faults; IEEE 2014.
[13] Matlab Documentation; Mathworks 2014.
104
PH LC
1. Thng s cc phn t trong m hnh m phng
M hnh m phng trn Matlab/Simulink
Thng s h thng
H thng A: Eht = 231 kV, SN = 2000 MVA

H thng B: Eht = 112.2 kV, SN = 500 MVA
-
Thng s my bin p
T s in
p
Tn
MBA1
MBA2
MBA3
MBA WPP
Cng sut
nh mc
220/110/35
Y0/Y0/
125 MVA
110/35
110/22
110/22
Y0/
Y0/Y0
Y0/Y0
80 MVA
63 MVA
50 MVA
in tr, in khng (pu)

Cun cao: R = 0.002; X = 0.048
Cun trung: R = 0.002; X = 0.048
Cun h: R = 0.002; X = 0.048
R = 0.002; X = 0.048
R = 0.002; X = 0.048
R = 0.0016; X = 0.0363
Thng s ph ti
Tn
Ph ti 1
Ph ti 2
Ph ti 3
T u
dy
in p nh mc
35 kV
35 kV
22 kV
Cng sut (MVA)

20 + j6
70 + j22
56 + j18
Thng s ng dy
Tn
AB
BC
CD
AE
Chiu di
50 km
30 km
40 km
50 km
Thng s n v
R1 = 0.1 /km, R0 = 0.3 /km
X1 = 0.421 /km, X0 = 1.26 /km
B1 = 2.74e-6 Si/km, B0 = 1.78e-6 Si/km
105
2. Chng trnh C m phng rle khong cch

2.1. Chng trnh chnh F21.c
#define S_FUNCTION_NAME F21
#define S_FUNCTION_LEVEL 2
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
Line_length
real_Z_Line
imag_Z_Line
real_kZ1
imag_kZ1
R1_set
X1_set
t_Z1
real_kZ2
imag_kZ2
R2_set
X2_set
t_Z2
mxGetPr(ssGetSFcnParam(S,0))
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_AB
Zone_AB
t_trip_AB
AB_trip
ssGetIWorkValue(S,0)
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_BC
Zone_BC
t_trip_BC
BC_trip
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_CA
Zone_CA
t_trip_CA
CA_trip
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_AG
Zone_AG
t_trip_AG
AG_trip
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_BG
Zone_BG
t_trip_BG
BG_trip
#define
#define
#define
#define
t_CG
Zone_CG
t_trip_CG
CG_trip
#define t_CB
#define Fault_Type
#define Zone
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
ssGetRWorkValue(S,0)
real_Ia
real_Ib
real_Ic
imag_Ia
imag_Ib
106
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
imag_Ic
real_Ua
real_Ub
real_Uc
imag_Ua
imag_Ub
imag_Uc
#define Distance
#include
#include
#include
#include
"simstruc.h"
"math.h"
"functionlib.h"
"mex.h"
static void mdlInitializeSizes(SimStruct *S)

{
ssSetNumSFcnParams(S,13);
if(ssGetNumSFcnParams(S)!= ssGetSFcnParamsCount(S)) return;
if(!ssSetNumInputPorts(S,2)) return;
ssSetInputPortWidth(S,0,3);
ssSetInputPortWidth(S,1,3);
ssSetInputPortDirectFeedThrough(S,0,1);
if(!ssSetNumOutputPorts(S,1)) return;
ssSetOutputPortWidth(S,0,1);
ssSetNumSampleTimes(S,1);
ssSetNumPWork(S,6);
ssSetNumRWork(S,13);
ssSetNumIWork(S,27);
ssSetOptions(S, SS_OPTION_EXCEPTION_FREE_CODE);
}
static void mdlInitializeSampleTimes(SimStruct *S)
{
ssSetSampleTime(S, 0, 0.001);
ssSetOffsetTime(S, 0, 0.0);
}
#define MDL_START
#if defined(MDL_START)
static void mdlStart(SimStruct *S)
{
double *Ia, *Ib, *Ic, *Ua, *Ub, *Uc;
Ia
Ib
Ic
Ua
Ub
Uc
=
=
=
=
=
=
(double
(double
(double
(double
(double
(double
*)
*)
*)
*)
*)
*)
malloc(21
malloc(21
malloc(21
malloc(21
malloc(21
malloc(21
*
*
*
*
*
*
sizeof(double));
sizeof(double));
sizeof(double));
sizeof(double));
sizeof(double));
sizeof(double));
ssSetPWorkValue(S,0,Ia);
ssSetPWorkValue(S,1,Ib);
107
ssSetPWorkValue(S,2,Ic);
ssSetPWorkValue(S,3,Ua);
ssSetPWorkValue(S,4,Ub);
ssSetPWorkValue(S,5,Uc);
}
#endif
#define MDL_INITIALIZE_CONDITIONS
#if defined(MDL_INITIALIZE_CONDITIONS)
static void mdlInitializeConditions(SimStruct *S)
{
real_T *out = ssGetOutputPortRealSignal(S,0);
int i;
for (i=0;i<27;i++)
ssSetIWorkValue(S,i,0);
out[0]=1;
}
#endif
#define MDL_UPDATE
#if defined(MDL_UPDATE)
static void mdlUpdate(SimStruct *S, int_T tid)
{
InputRealPtrsType
I = ssGetInputPortRealSignalPtrs(S,0);
InputRealPtrsType
U = ssGetInputPortRealSignalPtrs(S,1);
double real_ia, real_ib, real_ic, imag_ia, imag_ib, imag_ic;
double real_ua, real_ub, real_uc, imag_ua, imag_ub, imag_uc;
int i;
Fourier IA, IB, IC, UA, UB, UC;
Ia
Ib
Ic
Ua
Ub
Uc
=
=
=
=
=
=
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
ssGetPWorkValue(S,0);
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
Ia[i] = Ia[i+1];
Ib[i] = Ib[i+1];
Ic[i] = Ic[i+1];
Ua[i] = Ua[i+1];
Ub[i] = Ub[i+1];
Uc[i] = Uc[i+1];
}
Ia[20]
Ib[20]
Ic[20]
Ua[20]
Ub[20]
Uc[20]
=
=
=
=
=
=
*I[0];
*I[1];
*I[2];
*U[0];
*U[1];
*U[2];
IA = Fourier_method(Ia); real_ia = IA.RE; imag_ia = IA.IM;

IB = Fourier_method(Ib); real_ib = IB.RE; imag_ib = IB.IM;
108
IC
UA
UB
UC
=
=
=
=
Fourier_method(Ic);
Fourier_method(Ua);
Fourier_method(Ub);
Fourier_method(Uc);
real_ic
real_ua
real_ub
real_uc
=
=
=
=
IC.RE;
UA.RE;
UB.RE;
UC.RE;
imag_ic
imag_ua
imag_ub
imag_uc
=
=
=
=
IC.IM;
UA.IM;
UB.IM;
UC.IM;
ssSetRWorkValue(S,0,real_ia);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,1,real_ib);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,2,real_ic);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,3,imag_ia);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,4,imag_ib);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,5,imag_ic);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,6,real_ua);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,7,real_ub);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,8,real_uc);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,9,imag_ua);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,10,imag_ub);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,11,imag_uc);
}
#endif
static void mdlOutputs(SimStruct *S, int_T tid)
{
InputRealPtrsType
I = ssGetInputPortRealSignalPtrs(S,0);
InputRealPtrsType
U = ssGetInputPortRealSignalPtrs(S,1);
real_T
*out = ssGetOutputPortRealSignal(S,0);
real_T actual_time = ssGetT(S);

double real_ZAB, imag_ZAB,
imag_ZCA;
double real_ZAG, imag_ZAG,
imag_ZCG;
double real_I0, imag_I0;
int type;
real_ZBC,
imag_ZBC,
real_ZCA,
real_ZBG,
imag_ZBG,
real_ZCG,
if(actual_time < 30e-3)

{
out[0] = 1;
}
else
{
real_I0 = 1./3*(real_Ia + real_Ib + real_Ic);
imag_I0 = 1./3*(imag_Ia + imag_Ib + imag_Ic);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZAB
=
real_div_complex(real_Ua-real_Ub,
imag_Uaimag_Ub, real_Ia-real_Ib, imag_Ia-imag_Ib);
imag_ZAB = -imag_div_complex(real_Ua-real_Ub, imag_Uaimag_Ub, real_Ia-real_Ib, imag_Ia-imag_Ib);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,1, zone(real_ZAB, imag_ZAB, *R1_set,
*X1_set, *R2_set, *X2_set));
if(Zone_AB == 1)
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,0, t_AB+1);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,2, *t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_AB
ssSetIWorkValue(S,3, 1); //AB_trip
}
else if(Zone_AB == 2)
109
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,0, t_AB+1);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,2, *t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_AB
ssSetIWorkValue(S,3, 1); //AB_trip
}
else
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,0, 0); //t_AB = 0
ssSetIWorkValue(S,3, 0); //AB_trip = 0
}
if(AB_trip == 1)
{
if(t_AB >= t_trip_AB) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZBC
=
real_div_complex(real_Ub-real_Uc,
imag_Ubimag_Uc, real_Ib-real_Ic, imag_Ib-imag_Ic);
imag_ZBC = -imag_div_complex(real_Ub-real_Uc, imag_Ubimag_Uc, real_Ib-real_Ic, imag_Ib-imag_Ic);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,5,
zone(real_ZBC,
if(Zone_BC == 1)
{
}
else if(Zone_BC == 2)
{
}
else
{
}
imag_ZBC,
*R1_set,
t_BC+1);
*t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_BC
1); //BC_trip
t_BC+1);
*t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_BC
1); //BC_trip
0); //t_BC = 0
0); //BC_trip = 0
if(BC_trip == 1)
{
if(t_BC >= t_trip_BC) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZCA
=
real_div_complex(real_Uc-real_Ua,
imag_Ucimag_Ua, real_Ic-real_Ia, imag_Ic-imag_Ia);
imag_ZCA = -imag_div_complex(real_Uc-real_Ua, imag_Ucimag_Ua, real_Ic-real_Ia, imag_Ic-imag_Ia);
zone(real_ZCA,
imag_ZCA,
*R1_set,
if(Zone_CA == 1)
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,8, t_CA+1);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,10, *t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_CA
110
ssSetIWorkValue(S,11, 1); //CA_trip

}
else if(Zone_CA == 2)
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,8, t_CA+1);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,10, *t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_CA
ssSetIWorkValue(S,11, 1); //CA_trip
}
else
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,8, 0); //t_CA = 0
ssSetIWorkValue(S,11, 0); //CA_trip = 0
}
if(CA_trip == 1)
{
if(t_CA >= t_trip_CA) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZAG = real_div_complex(real_Ua, imag_Ua, real_Ia +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ia + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
+ *imag_kZ1*real_I0);
imag_ZAG = -imag_div_complex(real_Ua, imag_Ua, real_Ia +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ia + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
zone(real_ZAG,
if(Zone_AG == 1)
{
}
else if(Zone_AG == 2)
{
}
else
{
}
imag_ZAG,
*R1_set,
t_AG+1);
*t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_AG
1); //AG_trip
t_AG+1);
*t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_AG
1); //AG_trip
0); //t_AG = 0
0); //AG_trip = 0
if(AG_trip == 1)
{
if(t_AG >= t_trip_AG) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZBG = real_div_complex(real_Ub, imag_Ub, real_Ib +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ib + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
imag_ZBG = -imag_div_complex(real_Ub, imag_Ub, real_Ib +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ib + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
111
zone(real_ZBG,
if(Zone_BG == 1)
{
}
else if(Zone_BG == 2)
{
}
else
{
}
imag_ZBG,
*R1_set,
t_BG+1);
*t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_BG
1); //BG_trip
t_BG+1);
*t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_BG
1); //BG_trip
0); //t_BG = 0
0); //BG_trip = 0
if(BG_trip == 1)
{
if(t_BG >= t_trip_BG) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
real_ZCG = real_div_complex(real_Uc, imag_Uc, real_Ic +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ic + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
imag_ZCG = -imag_div_complex(real_Uc, imag_Uc, real_Ic +
*real_kZ1*real_I0 - *imag_kZ1*imag_I0, imag_Ic + *real_kZ1*imag_I0
zone(real_ZCG,
if(Zone_CG == 1)
{
}
else if(Zone_CG == 2)
{
}
else
{
}
imag_ZCG,
*R1_set,
t_CG+1);
*t_Z1/0.001); //t_trip_CG
1); //CG_trip
t_CG+1);
*t_Z2/0.001); //t_trip_CG
1); //CG_trip
0); //t_CG = 0
0); //CG_trip = 0
if(CG_trip == 1)
{
if(t_CG >= t_trip_CG) out[0] = 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
112
if(out[0] == 0) ssSetIWorkValue(S,24, t_CB+1);

{
if(t_CB == 40) //Determine the fault type, zone and
distance
{
type = AG_trip*1 + BG_trip*2 + CG_trip*3 +
AB_trip*4 + BC_trip*5 + CA_trip*6;
if(type == 1) //AG Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,25, 1);
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_AG);
ssSetRWorkValue(S,12,
imag_ZAG/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 2) //BG Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_BG);
imag_ZBG/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 3) //CG Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_CG);
imag_ZCG/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 4) //AB Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_AB);
imag_ZAB/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 5) //BC Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_BC);
imag_ZBC/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 6) //CA Fault
{
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, Zone_CA);
imag_ZCA/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(type == 7) //ABG Fault
{
int a[6] = {5,5,5,5,5,5};
a[0] = Zone_AG; a[1] = Zone_BG;
Zone_AB;
ssSetIWorkValue(S,26, min_Zone(a));
}
if(type == 21) //ABC Fault
{
int a[6] = {5,5,5,5,5,5};
a[2]
113
a[0] = Zone_AG; a[1] = Zone_BG; a[2]
Zone_CG; a[3] = Zone_AB, a[4] = Zone_BC, a[5] = Zone_CA;
}
if((type == 10) && (BC_trip == 1)) //BCG Fault
{
int a[6] = {5,5,5,5,5,5};
a[0] = Zone_BG; a[1] = Zone_CG; a[2]
Zone_BC;
imag_ZBC/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if((type == 10) && (CA_trip == 1)) //CAG Fault
{
int a[6] = {5,5,5,5,5,5};
a[0] = Zone_CG; a[1] = Zone_AG; a[2]
Zone_CA;
imag_ZCA/(*imag_Z_Line)*(*Line_length));
}
if(Zone
==
1)
printf("\nF21
tripped
in
%4.2f
seconds",*t_Z1);
else if(Zone == 2) printf("\nF21 tripped in %4.2f
seconds",*t_Z2);
printf("\nZone %1d",Zone);
printf("\nDistance %5.2f km",Distance);
switch(Fault_Type)
{
case 1: printf("\nFault
Type
is
AG
Fault\n");
case
2:
printf("\nFault
Type
is
BG
Fault\n");
case
3:
printf("\nFault
Type
is
CG
Fault\n");
case
4:
printf("\nFault
Type
is
AB
Fault\n");
case
5:
printf("\nFault
Type
is
BC
Fault\n");
case
6:
printf("\nFault
Type
is
CA
Fault\n");
break;
break;
break;
break;
break;
break;
case 7: printf("\nFault Type is ABG Fault\n");
break;
case 8: printf("\nFault Type is BCG Fault\n");
break;
case 9: printf("\nFault Type is CAG Fault\n");
break;
case 10: printf("\nFault Type is ABC Fault\n");
break;
}
}
}
}
114
}
static void mdlTerminate(SimStruct *S)
{
Ia
Ib
Ic
Ua
Ub
Uc
=
=
=
=
=
=
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
(double*)
free(Ia);
free(Ib);
free(Ic);
free(Ua);
free(Ub);
free(Uc);
}
#ifdef MATLAB_MEX_FILE
#include "simulink.c"
#else
#include "cg_sfun.h"
#endif
2.2. Th vin functionlib.h

#include "math.h"
typedef struct
{
double RMS;
double Phi;
double RE;
double IM;
} Fourier;
const double pi = 3.141592654;
Fourier Fourier_method(double tinhieu[]);
double RMS(double tinhieu[]);
double angle(double Re, double Im);
double dolechpha(double A, double B);
double real_div_complex(double a, double b, double c, double d);
double imag_div_complex(double a, double b, double c, double d);
int zone(double real, double imag, double R1, double X1, double
R2, double X2);
int min_Zone(int[]);
Fourier Fourier_method(double tinhieu[])
{
Fourier x;
int i;
double Re=0, Im=0;
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
Re += tinhieu[i]*cos((2*pi*i)/20);
Im += tinhieu[i]*sin((2*pi*i)/20);
}
Re = Re/10;
Im = Im/10;
115
x.RMS = sqrt(Re*Re + Im*Im)/sqrt(2);

x.Phi = angle(Re, Im); //don vi radian
x.RE = Re;
x.IM = Im;
return x;
}
double angle(double Re, double Im)
{
double Phi;
Phi = atan(Im/Re);
if(Im==0)
{
if(Re>0) Phi = 0;
else Phi = pi;;
}
else if((sin(Phi)/Im)>0) return Phi;
else Phi = Phi + pi;
if(Phi > pi) Phi = -(2*pi - Phi);
return Phi;
}
double dolechpha(double A, double B)
{
double Phi;
Phi = A - B;
if(Phi > pi) Phi = -(2*pi - Phi);
if(Phi < -pi) Phi = 2*pi + Phi;
Phi = Phi *360/(2*pi);
return Phi;
}
double real_div_complex(double a, double b, double c, double d)
{
double result;
result = (double)(a*c + b*d)/(c*c + d*d);
return result;
}
double imag_div_complex(double a, double b, double c, double d)
{
double result;
result = (double)(b*c - a*d)/(c*c + d*d);
return result;
}
double RMS(double tinhieu[])
{
double RMS, sum = 0;
int i;
116
for (i=0;i<20;i++)
{
sum = sum + pow(tinhieu[i],2);
}
RMS = sqrt(sum/20);
return RMS;
}
int zone(double real, double imag, double R1, double X1, double
R2, double X2)
{
int z;
double f1, f2, f3, f4;
f1
f2
f3
f4
=
=
=
=
imag;
imag - (tan(2*pi/3))*real;
imag + (tan(22/180*pi))*real;
imag - 10*real;
if((f1-X1)<=0 && f2>=0 && f3>=0 && (f4 + R1*10)>=0)

{
z = 1;
}
else if((f1-X2)<=0 && f2>=0 && f3>=0 && (f4 + R2*10)>=0)
{
z = 2;
}
else z = 0;
return z;
}
int min_Zone(int a[])
{
int min, i;
int n = sizeof(a)/sizeof(int);
min = a[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(a[i] < min) min = a[i];
}
return min;
}
117

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LI M U

Trong bi cnh cc ngun nhin liu ho thch dn cn kit, nhu cu s dng

3.2. Vector khng gian v cc php bin i .............................................. 46

MATLAB/SIMULINK V CC KT QU M PHNG ............................... 58

1. H thng bo v rle i vi nh my in gi loi DFIG ......................... 86

Ngha ting Vit

Global Wind Energy Council

Hi ng Nng lng gi ton cu

World Wind Energy Association

Hip hi nng lng gi th gii

Squirrel Cage Induction Generator

My pht in cm ng rotor lng

Wound Rotor Induction Generator

Doubly Fed Induction Generator

Doubly Fed Induction Machine

Multipole Permanent Magnet

My pht in ng b nam chm

Multipole Wound Rotor

Grid Side Converter

Rotor Side Converter

B bin i pha rotor

Phase Locked Loop

Mch kho pha

Low Voltage Ride Through

Kh nng chu c s c gim

Federal Energy Regulatory

y ban iu tit nng lng Lin

Static Synchronous Compensator

Supervisory control and data

H thng iu khin gim st v

thu thp d liu

Hnh 2.14 Ph sng hi ca in p u ra b nghch lu van vi mf = 20, ma =

Hnh 2.22 Mch in tng ng ca DFIG .................................................... 49

Hnh 3.10 Dng ngn mch ba pha ca my pht ng b ................................. 66

DANH MC BNG BIU

Hnh 1.1 Sn lng in gi trn th gii (1996 - 2014)

Hnh 1.2 Xp hng cc quc gia dng nng lng gi

Hip hi nng lng gi th gii WWEA (World Wind Energy

mc tiu ny, th gii s u t khong 100 t USD/nm vo in gi,

khu vc hai tnh Bnh Thun v Ninh Thun c th xy dng lp t

1.2. Khi qut v my pht in gi

Hnh 1.3 M hnh cc b phn ca mt tuabin gi

Trc quay chm

Trc quay nhanh

Cu to, mc ch, nhim v

khi c s thay i hng gi.

1.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng ca tuabin gi

- Tuabin loi ny thng m hn tuabin trc ngang, tn din tch

Hnh 1.4 Tuabin gi kiu trc ng

Hnh 1.5 Tuabin gi kiu trc ngang

1.2.3. Phn loi my pht in gi

My pht in xoay chiu

My pht xoay chiu mt pha

My pht xoay chiu ba pha

Hnh 1.6 Cc loi my pht s dng trong h thng pht in gi

My pht l b phn chuyn i nng lng c nng thnh in nng.

tng yu cu, mc ch c th. Hin nay c bn cu hnh thng dng

Hnh 1.7 H thng pht in gi c tc c nh s dng SCIG

SCIG ly cng sut phn khng t li in nn cu hnh ny s dng

iu khin ph thuc vo kch thc ca b tng tr rotor, v thng

Hnh 1.8 H thng pht in gi tc thay i gii hn s dng

Hnh 1.9 H thng tuabin gi thay i tc s dng

b bin tn c tc dng b cng sut phn khng, to ra in p bng

Hnh 1.10 H thng tuabin gi s dng MPMG khng c hp s