Adit:aminingpassagewaydrivenhorizontallyintoamountainsideforthepurposeofproviding

accesstoamineraldeposit.
Autoclavesystem:anoxidationtreatmentinwhichhightemperaturesandpressuresareapplied
toconvertrefractorygoldbearingsulfidematerialsintoamenableoxideore.
Backfilling:theprocesswherebywastematerialisusedtofillthevoidcreatedbyminingan
orebody.
Ballmill:asteelcylinderloadedwithsteelballsintowhichcrushedoreisfed.Theballmillis
rotated,causingtheballstocascadeandgrindtheore.
Byproduct:asecondarymetalormineralproductrecoveredinthemillingprocess.
Carboninleach:arecoveryprocessinwhichaslurryofgoldore,carbongranulesandcyanide
aremixedtogether.Thecyanidedissolvesthegoldcontentandthegoldisadsorbedonthe
carbon.Thecarbonissubsequentlyseparatedfromtheslurryforfurthergoldremoval.
Carboninpulp:similartocarboninleachprocess,butinitiallytheslurryissubjectedto
cyanideleachinginseparatetanksfollowedbycarboninpulp.Carboninpulpisasequential
processwhereascarboninleachisasimultaneousprocess.
Collar:thetermappliedtothetimberingorconcretearoundthemouthofashaftandthestartof
adrillhole.
Containedounces:representsounces(generallyreferringtogold)inthegroundwithoutthe
reductionofouncesnotrecoveredbytheapplicablemetallurgicalprocess.
Concentrate:apowderyproductcontainingthevaluableoremineralfromwhichmostofthe
wastematerialhasbeeneliminated.
Cutandfill:amethodofundergroundmininginwhichoreisremovedinslicesorlifts,and
thentheexcavationisfilledwithrockorotherwastematerial(backfill)beforethesubsequent
sliceismined.
Cyanidation:amethodofextractinggoldorsilverbydissolvingitinaweaksolutionofsodium
cyanide.
Development:undergroundworkcarriedoutforthepurposeofopeningupamineraldeposit.
Includesshaftsinking,crosscutting,driftingandraising.
Dor:unrefinedgoldandsilverbullionbarsusuallyconsistingofapproximately90percent
preciousmetalswhichwillbefurtherrefinedtoalmostpuremetal.
Drift:ahorizontaltunneldrivenalongsideanorebody,fromeitheranaditorshaft,togain
accesstotheore.
Drilling
Diamond:drillingwithahollowbitwithadiamondcuttingrimtoproducea
cylindricalcorethatisusedforgeologicalstudyandassays.Usedinminerals
exploration.
Infill:diamonddrillingatshorterintervalsbetweenexistingholes,usedtoprovide
greatergeologicaldetailandtohelpestablishreserveestimates.

Reversecirculation:drillingthatproducesrockchipsratherthancorethechipsare
forcedbyairtothesurfaceandarecollectedforexaminationandanalysis.Faster
andcheaperthandiamonddrilling.
Exploration:prospecting,sampling,mapping,diamonddrillingandotherworkinvolvedin
searchingforore.
Flotation:aprocessbywhichsomemineralparticlesareinducedtobecomeattachedtobubbles
andfloat,andotherparticlestosink,sothatthevaluablemineralsareconcentratedandseparated
fromtheworthlessgangueorwaste.
Gangue:Nonvaluablematerialsassociatedwiththeoreminerals.
Grade:theamountofvaluablemineralineachtonofore,expressedastroyouncespertonor
gramspertonneforpreciousmetalsandasapercentageforothermetals.
Cutoffgrade:theminimummetalgradeatwhichanorebodycanbeeconomically
mined.
Millheadgrade:metalcontentofminedoregoingintoamillforprocessing.
Usuallylowerthanreservegradebecauseofdilutionbynonoregradematerials.
Recoveredgrade:actualmetalcontentoforedeterminedafterprocessing.
Reservegrade:estimatedmetalcontentofanorebody,basedonreserve
calculations.
Heapleaching:aprocesswherebycertainmetalsareextractedby"heaping"brokenoreon
slopingimpermeablepadsandrepeatedlysprayingtheheapswithasolutionthatdissolvesthe
valuablemetal(s).Themetalladensolutionisthencollectedformetalrecovery.
Industrialminerals:agroupofmineralsthatareimportantsourcesofrawmaterialsforthe
chemical,metallurgical,construction,agricultural,andrelatedindustries.
Longholeopenstope:amethodofmininginvolvingthedrillingofholesupto90feetlonginto
anorebodyandthenblastingasliceofrockthatfallsintoanopenspace.Thebrokenrockis
extractedandtheresultingopenchamberisnotfilledwithsupportingmaterial.
MetricTon:onemilliongrams.Agradeof1g/T=1ppm
Mill:aplantwhereoreisgroundfineandthevaluablemineralsarerecoveredbyphysicaland
chemicalprocesses.
Mineraldeposit:anyunusualmineralconcentration,regardlessofwhetherthevaluable
componentscanbeextractedataprofit(seeOreandOrebody).
Openpit:aminethatisentirelyonthesurface.
Ore:rockfromwhichoneormorevaluablemetallicornonmetallicmineralscanbeminedand
processedataprofit.
Orebody:asufficientlylargeamountoforethatcanbeminedeconomically.
Oxideore:mineralizedrockinwhichsomeoftheoriginalmineralshavebeenoxidized.
Oxidationtendstomaketheoremoreporouswhichfacilitatesflowofsolutionsintotherock.
Thiseffectisparticularlyimportantforoxidizedgoldoreasitpermitsmorecomplete
permeationofcyanidesolutionssothatminuteparticlesofgoldintheinteriorofthemineral
grainscanbereadilydissolved.

Ramp:aninclinedundergroundtunnelthatprovidesaccessforexplorationoraconnection
betweenmininglevels.
Reclamation:theprocessbywhichlandsdisturbedasaresultofminingactivityarereclaimed
backtoabeneficiallanduse.Reclamationactivityincludestheremovalofbuildings,equipment,
machineryandotherphysicalremnantsofmining,closureoftailingsimpoundments,leachpads
andotherminefeatures,andcontouring,coveringandrevegetationofwasterockpilesandother
disturbedareas.
Recoveryrate:atermusedinprocessmetallurgytoindicatetheproportionofvaluablematerial
obtainedintheprocessingofanore.Itisgenerallystatedasapercentageofthematerial
recoveredcomparedtothetotalmaterialpresent.
Refractorymaterial:goldbearingrockinwhichthegoldisnotamenabletorecoveryby
conventionalcyanidemethodswithoutpretreatment.Therefractorynaturecanbeeithersilica
orsulfideencapsulationofthegoldorthepresenceofnaturallyoccurringcarbonsthatreduce
goldrecovery.
Reserves:thatpartofamineraldepositwhichcouldbeeconomicallyandlegallyextractedor
producedatthetimeofthereservedetermination.Reservesarecustomarilystatedintermsof
orewhendealingwithmetallicminerals.Therearetwocategoriesofreserves:
Provenore:materialforwhichtonnageandgradearecomputedfromdimensions
revealedinoutcrops,trenches,undergroundworkingsordrillholesgradeis
computedfromtheresultsofadequatesamplingandthesitesforinspection,
samplingandmeasurementaresospacedandthegeologicalcharactersowell
definedthatsize,shapeandmineralcontentareestablished.
Probableore:materialforwhichtonnageandgradearecomputedpartlyfrom
specificmeasurements,samplesorproductiondataandpartlyfromprojectionfora
reasonabledistancebasedongeologicalevidenceandforwhichthesitesavailable
forinspection,measurementandsamplingaretoowidelyorotherwise
inappropriatelyspacedtooutlinethematerialcompletelyortoestablishitsgrade
throughout.
Roasting:thetreatmentoforebyheatandair,oroxygenenrichedair,inordertoremovesulfur,
carbon,antimonyandarsenic.
Semiautogenousgrinding(SAG):amethodofgrindingrockintofinepowderinwhichthe
grindingmediaconsistoflargerchunksofrockandsteelballs.
Shaft:averticalpassagewaytoanundergroundmineformovingpersonnel,equipment,supplies
andmaterialincludingoreandwasterock.
Smelting:ametallurgicalprocessinwhichmetalisseparatedfromimpuritiesbyaprocessthat
includesfusion.
Solventextraction(SXEW):atypeofheapleachingandsubsequentprocessingusedfor
secondarycopperoreswherebytheoxidizedcoppermineralsaretakenintosolution.The
copperbearingsolutionisprocessedtorecovermetalliccopperfromthesolution
electrolytically.
Stope:anareainanundergroundminewhereoreismined.
Strippingratio:theratioofthenumberoftonsofwastematerialremovedtothenumberoftons
oforeremoved,usedinconnectionwithopenpitmining.
Sulfideore:referstoanytypeoforeinwhichtheoremineralsareintheformofmetallic
sulfides.Commonlyusedforasubgroupofrefractorygoldoremineralizedrockinwhich

muchofthegoldisencapsulatedinsulfidesandisnotreadilyamenabletodissolutionby
cyanidesolutionsassociatedwithsulfideminerals(primarilypyrite)thathavenotbeen
oxidized.Somesulfideoremayrequireautoclavingorroastingpriortomilling.
Tailings:thematerialthatremainsafterallvaluablemineralshavebeenremovedfromtheore
duringmilling.
Tonne:seeMetricTon
Troyounce:thecommonmeasureofthepreciousmetals.Atroyounceofafinenessof999.9
partsper1,000parts,equalto31.1034grams.
Watermanagement:processwherebythegroundwatertableintheminingareaisloweredby
pumpingwaterfromwells,andthewaterisconveyedandusedorrechargedtothegroundwater
systemthroughinfiltration,reinjectionorirrigationreturn.
ModifiedfromBarrickGoldCorporation.