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Annex1.1 TABLEOFCONTENTS
ZTEUMTSRadioNetworkPlanningReportforEtisalat3GProject....................
1
OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................1
3
3.1
3.2
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
COVERAGE PLANNING................................................................................................6
CoveragePlanningProcess................................................................................................6
Propagationmodel............................................................................................................7
LinkBudgetProcess...........................................................................................................7
5
5.1
5.2
6
6.1
SITES DISTRIBUTION.................................................................................................11
SitesDistribution.............................................................................................................11
7
7.1
7.2
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
7.2.4
7.2.1
7.3
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.5
7.4
7.4.1
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
7.4.5
SIMULATION..............................................................................................................13
IntroductionoftheSimulation........................................................................................13
SimulationResultsforKabul............................................................................................15
BestServer.......................................................................................................................15
PilotStrength...................................................................................................................15
PilotEc/Io........................................................................................................................17
PilotPollution..................................................................................................................18
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...........................................................................................19
SimulationResultsforKandahar.....................................................................................19
BestServer.......................................................................................................................19
PilotStrength...................................................................................................................20
PilotEc/Io........................................................................................................................22
PilotPollution..................................................................................................................23
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...........................................................................................24
SimulationResultsforJalalabad......................................................................................24
BestServer.......................................................................................................................24
PilotStrength...................................................................................................................25
PilotEc/Io.........................................................................................................................27
PilotPollution..................................................................................................................28
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...........................................................................................29
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SUMMARY.................................................................................................................29
Annex1.2 TABLES
Table1
Table2
Table3
Table4
Table5
Table6
Table7
Table8
Table9
Table10
Table11
Table12
Table13
Table14
Table15
Table16
Table17
NodeBNumberofthe7cities...........................................................................................1
SubscriberNumber.............................................................................................................3
TrafficModel.......................................................................................................................3
Inputparameters................................................................................................................4
PropagationModelforDifferentClutterType....................................................................7
UplinkbudgetprocessCS12.2K.........................................................................................8
DownlinkbudgetprocessCS12.2K....................................................................................8
CellRadiusfromcoverage..................................................................................................9
PilotStrengthStatistics.....................................................................................................16
PilotEc/IoStatistics..........................................................................................................17
PilotPollutionStatistics....................................................................................................18
PilotStrengthStatistics.....................................................................................................21
PilotEc/IoStatistics..........................................................................................................22
PilotPollutionStatistics....................................................................................................23
PilotStrengthStatistics.....................................................................................................26
PilotEc/IoStatistics...........................................................................................................27
PilotPollutionStatistics....................................................................................................28
Annex1.3 FIGURES
Figure1Radionetworkplanningworkflow...............................................................................................2
Figure2Coverageplanningprocess..........................................................................................................6
Figure4SitesdistributionofKabul..........................................................................................................11
Figure5SitesdistributionofKandahar...................................................................................................12
Figure6SitesdistributionofJalalabad....................................................................................................13
Figure7ThePatternsoftheAntennas....................................................................................................14
Figure8BestServer.................................................................................................................................15
Figure9PilotStrength.............................................................................................................................16
Figure10PilotEc/Io.................................................................................................................................17
Figure11PilotPollution..........................................................................................................................18
Figure12EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...................................................................................................19
Figure13BestServer...............................................................................................................................20
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II
Figure14PilotStrength...........................................................................................................................21
Figure15PilotEc/Io.................................................................................................................................22
Figure16PilotPollution..........................................................................................................................23
Figure17EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...................................................................................................24
Figure18BestServer...............................................................................................................................25
Figure19PilotStrength...........................................................................................................................26
Figure20PilotEc/Io..................................................................................................................................27
Figure21PilotPollution..........................................................................................................................28
Figure22EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate...................................................................................................29
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III
OVERVIEW
2ndgenerationsystemslikeGSM,wereoriginallydesignedforefficientdeliveryofvoice
services.UMTSnetworksare,onthecontrary,designedfromthebeginningforflexible
deliveryofanytypeofservice,whereeachnewservicedoesnotrequireparticularnetwork
optimisation.Inadditiontotheflexibility,theWCDMAradiosolutionbringsadvanced
capabilitiesthatenablenewservices.Suchcapabilitiesare:
y
Highbitratestheoreticallyupto2Mbpsin3GPPRelease99,andbeyond10Mbps
in3GPPRelease5;
Lowdelayswithpacketroundtriptimesbelow200ms;
Seamlessmobilityalsoforpacketdataapplications;
QualityofServicedifferentiationforhighefficiencyofservicedelivery;
Simultaneousvoiceanddatacapability;
InterworkingwithexistingGSM/GPRSnetworks.
Thepurposeoftheradionetworkplanningistoachievetherequirednumberofsitesand
sitesconfigurations,whichfulfillstherequirementsofcoverage,capacityandqualitybased
onthefrequencyresources,equipmentperformanceandeconomicfactors.
TheIslamicRepublicofAfghanistanisalandlockedandmountainouscountryin
southcentralAsia.ThisreportpresentstheUMTSnetworkdimensioningprocessand
simulationresultof7cities.Thesitenumbersof7citiesareshownasfollowed:
Table 1
Province
Capital
NodeBNumber
Kabul
Kabul
97
Nangarhar
Jalalabad
32
Qandahar
Kandahar
38
Ghazni
Ghazni
14
Parwan
Charikar
Wardak
MeydanShahr
Laghman
MehtarLam
Total
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Propagation Model
Testing and Tuning
Propagation Model
Number of
Sites
Dimension Estimation
Site
Selection
Site Survey
Site Deployment
Simulation
Site Adjusting
N
Network Planning Report
Astheabovepictureshows,thewholeradionetworkplanningprocessisverycomplicated
andcontainsaworkloopoftesting,analysisandoptimization.Inthisdocument,wemainly
focusonthepreplanningpartwhichincludesrequirementanalysis,propagationmodel
testing,dimensionestimation,siteselectionandsimulation.
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3.1
Traffic Forecast
FollowingistheSubscriberNumberinthisproject.
SubscriberNumber
Table 2
City
SubscriberNumber
Noofsites
userspersite
Totalusers
Kabul
75249
97
1500
145500
Nangarhar
15541
32
1500
48000
Qandahar
7895
38
1500
57000
Ghazni
7537
14
1500
21000
Parwan
5854
1500
6000
Wardak
2387
1500
3000
Laghman
3996
1500
4500
Thetrafficmixinthisprojectisasfollows(AsforR99Service,itsnotbeconsidered
accordingtoETsreqirement)
Table 3
Service
ErlPeruser
TrafficModel
QOS
PenetrationRate
CS12.2
0.02
2%
100%
CS64
0.002
2%
10%
HSDPA
DataThroughputPerUser[kbps]
3.6
HSUPA
PenetrationRate
20%
DataThroughputPerUser[kbps]
0.9
PenetrationRate
20%
3.2
Input Parameters
Thenecessaryinputparametersforcoverageandcapacityestimationarelistedhere,and
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theirexplanationcouldbereferredinthefollowingchapter.
Inputparameters
Table 4
Parameter
Value
Spectrumband(UpLink)
19201980
MHz
Spectrumband(DownLink)
21102170
MHz
GOS:AirInterface
2%
DesiredvoicevocoderTypes
12.2
kbps
DesiredSoftHandOffPercentage
30%
DesiredNODEBAntennaHeight
DenseUrban
25
Urban
25
Suburban
30
Desiredseamlesscoverageservice
CS12.2k
PenetrationLoss:
DenseUrban
20
dB
Urban
15
dB
Suburban
12
dB
CoverageCriteria
DenseUrban
Indoor
Urban
Indoor
SubUrban
Indoor
OrthogonalityFactor
0.65
AntennaGain
18
dBi
UENoiseFigure
dB
BodyLoss
Voice
dB
Video
dB
Data
dB
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MobileTransmitPower
24
dBm
FrequencySpectrumAvailable
MHz,FDD
Lognormalstandarddeviation
DU
10
dB
Urban
dB
SubUrban
dB
Propagationmodel
Cost231Hata
ChannelTypes(ITU)
DenseUrban
TU3
Urban
TU3
SubUrban
TU50
NodeBCableLoss
CellLoadingDL
75%
CellLoadingUL
50%
dB
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4
4.1
COVERAGE PLANNING
Coverage Planning Process
Thecoverageestimationprocessisasfollows:
PLu,PLd,PLpfromLinkbudget
Continuousservicesinuplink,downlink,andPCPICHsmaxallowablepathlossbylink
budget;
C=max(PLu,PLd,PLp)
Maximumoneoftheaboveuplink,downlinkandPCPICHsresult;
R=propagationmodel(C):
Cellradiusfrompathlossbasedonpropagationmodel;
OneNodeBscoveringacreage;
NodeBnumber=Totalacreage/E
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4.2
Propagation model
Thepropagationmodeldescribestheaveragesignalpropagationincertainenvironment.It
oftendenotesthepathlossasafunctionofdistanceoftheseparationbetweenthe
transmitterandthereceiver.ZTEproposetoadoptStandardMacroCellModel,whichis
supportedbythesimulationsoftwareEnterprise,Aircom,withthefollowingformulas:
Pathloss =k1+k2log(d)+k3(Hms)+k4log(Hms)+k5log(Heff)+k6log(Heff)log(d)+k7Diffn
+C_loss
here:
d
Distancefromthebasestationtothemobilestation(km).
Hms
Heightofthemobilestationaboveground(m).
Heff
EffectiveNodeBantennaheight(m).
Diffn DiffractionlosscalculatedusingeitherEpstein,Peterson,DeygoutorBullington
Equivalentknifeedgemethods.
k1
Intercept
k2
Slope
k3,k4Correctionfactorofmobileantennaheight
k5,k6CorrectionfactorofeffectiveAntennaHeight
k7
Correctionfactorofdiffraction.
C_loss Correctionfactorofdifferentcluttertype.
Thepropagationmodelcanbetunedbyapplyingamathematicalfittingalgorithmtothe
rawdatacollectedfromdrivetestthusthatthemostproperkfactorscanbededuced.
ForthisUMTSpreplanningprojectofEcuador,currentlynopropagationmodeltestingand
tuningisperformed,thusZTEselectthepropagationmodelsaccordingtotheclutter
distributionandthesitedistanceoftheexistingWCDMAsites,whichareshownbelow
(HerewedividedtheplanningareaintoDenseurban,UrbanandSuburban).
Table 5
4.3
K1
PropagationModelforDifferentClutterType
K2
K3
K4
K5
K7
K6
DenseUrban
158.16
44.9
13.82
6.55
Urban
156.36
44.9
13.82
6.55
Suburban
150.16
44.9
13.82
6.55
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Eb/No,receiverNoiseFigureetc.
WCDMAisanuplinkcoveragelimitedsystem,generallyonlyuplinkbudgetistakeninto
consideration.
Thetablebelowisagenerallinkbudgetprocess:
UplinkbudgetprocessCS12.2K
Table 6
UE
NodeB
Margin
Outdoor
Indoor
Parameter
DU
MU
TxPower[dBm]
24
24
24
AntennaGain[dBi]
BodyLoss[dB]
EIRP[dBm]
21
21
21
ThermalNoiseDensity[dMm/HZ]
174
174
174
ThermalNoise[dBm]
108.16
108.16
108.16
ReceiverNoiseFigure[dB]
1.8
1.8
1.8
ReceiverNoise[dBm]
106.36
106.36
106.36
BitRate[kbit/s]
12.2
12.2
12.2
RequiredEb/No[dB]
4.2
4.2
4.8
ReceiverSensitivity[dBm]
127.14
127.14
126.54
InterferenceMargin[dB]
3.01
3.01
3.01
FeederandConnectorLoss(dB)
2.8
2.8
3.1
TMAgain(Optional)[dB]
AntennaGain[dBi]
18
18
18
ReceiverEconAntenna(dB)
139.33
139.33
138.43
FastFadingMargin[dB]
1.8
1.8
OutdoorShadowFadingMargin[dB]
6.66
4.70
3.85
IndoorShadowFadingMargin[dB]
7.16
5.11
3.95
Penetration Loss[dB]
20
15
12
MaxAllowableOutdoorPathLoss[dB]
151.87
153.83
155.58
OutdoorCoverageCellRadius[km]
2.31
2.95
5.41
MaxAllowableIndoorPathLoss[dB]
131.37
138.42
143.47
IndoorCoverageCellRadius[km]
0.62
1.09
2.45
Table 7
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Parameter
NodeB
UE
Margin
DU
33
33
33
FeederandConnectorLoss(dB)
2.8
2.8
3.1
AntennaGain[dBi]
18
18
18
EIRP[dBm]
48.2
48.2
47.9
ThermalNoiseDensity[dMm/HZ]
174
174
174
ThermalNoise[dBm]
108.16
108.16
108.16
ReceiverNoiseFigure[dB]
ReceiverNoise[dBm]
101.16
101.16
101.16
BitRate[kbit/s]
12.2
12.2
12.2
ProcessGain[dB]
24.98
24.98
24.98
RequiredEb/No[dB]
7.5
7.5
7.9
ReceiverSensitivity[dBm]
118.64
118.64
118.24
InterferenceMargin[dB]
3.01
BodyLoss[dB]
ReceiverEconAntenna(dB)
109.64
109.64
110.33
FastFadingMargin[dB]
3.20
2.35
IndoorShadowFadingMargin[dB]
5.66
3.61
2.45
Penetration Loss[dB]
20
15
12
154.64
157.78
3.11
6.25
139.23
145.67
IndoorCoverageCellRadius[km]
1.15
2.83
OutdoorCoverageCellRadius[km]
Table 8
Coverage
2.44
0.65
CellRadiusfromcoverage
DU
MU
SU
CellRadius(km)
0.62
1.09
2.45
DistanceofSite(km)
0.93
1.63
3.67
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TxPower[dBm]
Indoor
MU
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5
5.1
Figu
re3CapacityEstimationProcess
Step1:inputtrafficmodel,andotherparameterswhichareneglectedhere,likehandover
percentage,Eb/No,etc.Setaninitialnumber(generallyfrom1).
Step2:calcualtetheuplinkanddownlinkinterferenceload,consumeddownlinkpowerby
allservices.
Step3:comparetheaboveresultwiththeirrespectivethreshold.Ifalltheresultsareunder
thethresholds,thenmoveonthenextstep;ifanyoneofthemisnot,increasesubs/siteand
returntostep2.
Step4:usetheabovesubs/siteandtotalforecastsubsnumber,tocalculatethesitenumber.
5.2
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SITES DISTRIBUTION
6.1
Sites Distribution
Whenweplanthesitelocation,weconsiderthecoveragerequirementand2Gsites
asamainfactor.Thesitedistributionisasfollows:
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7
7.1
SIMULATION
Introduction of the Simulation
AIRCOM Enterprise V6.2 is the simulation tool ZTE adopted for this project. AIRCOM
Enterprise is the market leading network planning tool for the design and operation of
GSM/UMTS/CDMAcellularnetworks.
Antenna: ThisAntennaisadoptedinthesimulation.Thepatternsoftheantennasareprovided
asfollows:
AntennaGain:18dBi
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Horizontal Vertical
Figure 7 The Patterns of the Antennas
Thecomplexityofradiopropagationenvironment;propagationfeatureshasgreatdifference
indifferentenvironment;
Approximate prediction methods are used in simulation system, which can leads to the
deviationbetweenthem;
Engineeringqualityalsocouldleadtothesimulationdeviation;
Trafficspreadinsimulationisdifferentfromtheloadinginthepracticalnetwork;
Changesinbuildingsdevelopmentbroughtaboutbyfasteconomicprogresstookplaceafter
the purchase of digital map, the new changes cannot be reflected in the digitalmap; and
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thereisnoexactbuildingheightinthedigitalmapwith20mor50mresolution,whichare
usuallyused.Consequently,thereflectionanddiffractioncannotbeexactlycalculatedinthe
simulation.Thelimitationsofdigitalmaplistedabovealsocanbringdeviation.
7.2
7.2.1
BestServer
The concept of best server represents the best serving cell for each pixel by pilot power.
Hereapixelstandsforaspecificlocationinthemaprasteroftheareaunderplanning.The
most likely server at a pixel is the cell with the biggest pilot power. Best servers for each
NodeBareillustratedinthefollowingpicture.
7.2.2
PilotStrength
The following pilot strength graph displays the pilot strength in dBm for a specific
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carrierandissusefulwhendeterminingpilotquality.Mostofstrengthintheareais
higherthan100dBm.
Thestatisticsofthepilotstrengthispresentedasfollows.
Table 9
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PilotStrengthStatistics
MU
DU
>=100dBm
99.95%
100.00%
>=95dBm
98.37%
100.00%
>=90dBm
92.56%
100.00%
>=85dBm
78.61%
99.75%
>=70dBm
51.18%
83.10%
>=0dBm
1.61%
4.77%
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7.2.3
PilotEc/Io
The following pilot Ec/Io graph displays the achieved pilot Ec/Io for each pixel, and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for each base station. Most of the
valuesarehigherthan10dB.
ThestatisticsofthepilotEc/Ioispresentedasfollows.
Table 10 PilotEc/IoStatistics
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MU
DU
>=14dB
99.99%
100.00%
>=12dB
99.92%
100.00%
>=10dB
99.27%
99.92%
>=8dB
89.64%
92.29%
>=6dB
55.97%
55.51%
>=4dB
7.69%
7.14%
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7.2.4
PilotPollution
Thefollowingpilotpollutiongraphdisplaysthenumberofpollutedpilotforeachpixel,and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for pilot quality. When pilot pollution
numberislessthan3,thenetworkwillbeonastablestation.Aswecanseeinthefollowing
graph,thepilotpollutionnumberislessthan2formostarea.
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MU
DU
>=0
100.00%
100.00%
>=1
42.74%
51.39%
>=2
14.76%
18.19%
>=3
4.99%
6.16%
>=4
0.83%
0.97%
>=5
0.08%
0.08%
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7.2.1
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate
ThefollowingpictureshowstheEffectiveHSDPAserviceRate(outdoor,03km/h),which
cangetahighrate(6M7M)attheareanearthesite.
7.3
7.3.1
BestServer
The concept of best server represents the best serving cell for each pixel by pilot power.
Hereapixelstandsforaspecificlocationinthemaprasteroftheareaunderplanning.The
most likely server at a pixel is the cell with the biggest pilot power. Best servers for each
NodeBareillustratedinthefollowingpicture.
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7.3.2
PilotStrength
The following pilot strength graph displays the pilot strength in dBm for a specific
carrierandisusefulwhendeterminingpilotquality.Mostofstrengthintheareais
higherthan100dBm.
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Thestatisticsofthepilotstrengthispresentedasfollows.
Table 12 PilotStrengthStatistics
MU
SU
>=100dBm
100.00%
99.69%
>=95dBm
99.76%
99.69%
>=90dBm
97.76%
96.21%
>=85dBm
85.97%
85.33%
>=80dBm
57.05%
67.98%
>=70dBm
20.12%
47.38%
>=0dBm
1.40%
11.04%
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7.3.3
PilotEc/Io
The following pilot Ec/Io graph displays the achieved pilot Ec/Io for each pixel, and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for each base station. Most of the
valuesarehigherthan10dB.
MU
SU
>=14dB
100.00%
99.69%
>=12dB
100.00%
99.69%
>=10dB
100.00%
99.69%
>=8dB
98.40%
99.62%
>=6dB
82.39%
95.08%
>=4dB
41.45%
63.97%
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7.3.4
PilotPollution
Thefollowingpilotpollutiongraphdisplaysthenumberofpollutedpilotforeachpixel,and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for pilot quality. When pilot pollution
numberislessthan3,thenetworkwillbeonastablestation.Aswecanseeinthefollowing
graph,thepilotpollutionnumberislessthan2formostarea.
MU
SU
>=0
100.00%
100.00%
>=1
35.15%
21.82%
>=2
9.86%
1.74%
>=3
2.80%
0.13%
>=4
0.46%
0.00%
>=5
0.07%
0.00%
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7.3.5
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate
ThefollowingpictureshowstheEffectiveHSDPAserviceRate(outdoor,03km/h),whichcan
getahighrate(6M7M)attheareanearthesite
7.4
7.4.1
BestServer
The concept of best server represents the best serving cell for each pixel by pilot power.
Hereapixelstandsforaspecificlocationinthemaprasteroftheareaunderplanning.The
most likely server at a pixel is the cell with the biggest pilot power. Best servers for each
NodeBareillustratedinthefollowingpicture.
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7.4.2
PilotStrength
The following pilot strength graph displays the pilot strength in dBm for a specific
carrierandisusefulwhendeterminingpilotquality.Mostofstrengthintheareais
higherthan100dBm.
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Thestatisticsofthepilotstrengthispresentedasfollows.
Table 15 PilotStrengthStatistics
MU
SU
>=100dBm
100.00%
100.00%
>=95dBm
100.00%
97.97%
>=90dBm
100.00%
93.31%
>=85dBm
99.78%
87.96%
>=80dBm
93.69%
77.36%
>=70dBm
50.22%
52.72%
>=0dBm
2.76%
4.22%
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7.4.3
PilotEc/Io
The following pilot Ec/Io graph displays the achieved pilot Ec/Io for each pixel, and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for each base station. Most of the
valuesarehigherthan10dB.
MU
SU
>=14dB
100.00%
100.00%
>=12dB
100.00%
100.00%
>=10dB
100.00%
99.95%
>=8dB
98.04%
98.21%
>=6dB
74.76%
92.17%
>=4dB
25.54%
65.34%
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7.4.4
PilotPollution
Thefollowingpilotpollutiongraphdisplaysthenumberofpollutedpilotforeachpixel,and
its commonly regarded as the quality indicator for pilot quality. When pilot pollution
numberislessthan3,thenetworkwillbeonastablestation.Aswecanseeinthefollowing
graph,thepilotpollutionnumberislessthan2formostarea.
MU
SU
>=0
100.00%
100.00%
>=1
45.58%
22.17%
>=2
14.55%
4.96%
>=3
4.02%
2.19%
>=4
0.69%
0.32%
>=5
0.10%
0.02%
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7.4.5
EffectiveHSDPAserviceRate
ThefollowingpictureshowstheEffectiveHSDPAserviceRate(outdoor,03km/h),whichcan
getahighrate(6M7M)attheareanearthesite
SUMMARY
Accordingtothesimulationresultsabove,mostofthePilotStrengthintheareasishigher
than90dBm,PilotEc/Ioishigherthan10dB,whichcouldsatisfythecoveragerequirement.
Inthisdocument,ZTEprovidestheUMTSnetworkplanningproposalof7citiesforEtisalat.
ThisdocumentdescribestheradionetworkplanningforUMTSnetworkbasedonthe
informationdefinedbyEtisalatandparametersproposedbyZTE.190NodeBsareproposed
tocovertheplanningarea.
ZTEishighlyexperiencedinradionetworkplanningandoptimization.ZTEhasrich
experienceinUMTSR&Dandhasaccomplishedlotsofnetworkplanningprojectsinthe
ZTEConfidentialProprietary
2010ZTECorporation.Allrightsreserved.
29
worldmarket.
TheresultsofradionetworkplanningaresubmittedtoEtisalatforreferenceinthe
constructionoffuturenetwork.Extensivecooperationisearnestlyexpected.
ZTEConfidentialProprietary
2010ZTECorporation.Allrightsreserved.
30