PROYECTO TANQUE DE ENFRIAMIENTO DE LECHE.

UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL. INGENIERIA MECANICA.

AIRE ACONDICIONADO Y REFRIGERACION.
PROYECTO N 1.
DISEO DE UN TANQUE DE ENFRIAMIENTO PARA LECHE.
1. Objetivo:disear una instalacin para enfriamiento de leche de ordeo,
teniendo en cuenta las siguientes condiciones:
2. Condiciones.
temperatura de entrada al sistema: 36C.
Temperatura requerida para refrigeracin: entre 2 y 4 C.
Capacidad de produccin de la instalacin:

litros de leche por dia.

Horas de ordeo: 5 am y 4 pm.

Produccin primer ordeo:

litros de leche.

Produccin segundo ordeo: litros de leche.

Condiciones ambientales:
Lugar Subachoque.
Disponibilidad de agua: agua a 18C.
3. Entregables:
3.1. Memorias de clculo de la instalacin. Incluye:
3.1.1. Planteamiento del problema y alcance del mismo. Normas
colombianas e internacionales para enfriamiento de leche.
3.1.2. Clculos para seleccin de los equipos: preenfriador de placas,
compresor, condensador, evaporador, vlvula de expansin o tubo
capilar. Tubera de conduccin de refrigerante desde la unidad
compresora hasta las unidades de condensacin y de all hasta el
evaporador. Tuberia, sistema a de lavado del tanque, sistemas
auxiliares. Incluir fuentes consultadas con referencia de los catlogos
utilizados para la seleccin de cada componente.
3.1.3. Plano de la instalacin con la localizacin de los equipos,
dimensiones de la bodega, vistas de planta y alzada o las que
considere necesarias. Solamente se debe inclur el plano del cuarto de
mquinas.

4. Bibliografia.
Manual tanque de enfriamiento.
Libro tanques de enfriamiento banco de la republica5. Anexos de inters.
5.1. Hoja de requerimientos.
RTE4309A

Design and install on-farm milk cooling and storage

Unit
Descriptor

This competency standard covers the process of identifying the

relevant key factors in the design and installation of farm milk
cooling and storage equipment to meet year round needs of the
dairy, given fluctuating seasonal conditions and inputs. It includes
the skills to maintain the cooling and storage system and a
demonstrated knowledge of the planning process including the
variables that affect the correct selection of this equipment.
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ELEMENT
1.
Determine
cooling and
storage
system
requirement
s

1. Available water supply is identified and analysed in line with

cooling requirements for quality and quantity.
2. Components of the on-farm dairy milk cooling and
storage requirements are identified to meetstandard industry
guidelines and herd and dairy factory needs.
3. Design considerations, including the siting of
components, are identified and recorded.
4. OHS hazards are identified and risks assessed in line with
workplace OHS and industry standards and reported to the
supervisor.

2 . Identify
milk precooling
requirement
s

1. Maximum peak flow of milk delivery is measured and

recorded.
2. Cooling water temperatures and quality are checked against
design specifications.
3. Available milk cooling equipment is compared to design
requirements and suitable equipment selected.
4. Relevant legislation including OHS and human health

requirements is identified and compliance targets established.

5. Water cooling system requirements are identified in line with
installed equipment and available resources.
3 . Identify
milk storage
requirement
s

1. Farm milk production together with projected production

increases is estimated in line with the available farm
management plan.
2. Milk entry temperature and other critical design
considerations are established in consultation with the shed
manager and available data.
3. Vat selection is made meet shed production requirements
and bulk milk collection routines.

4 . Install
milk cooling
and storage
equipment

1. Plate cooler and other components of the pre-cooling system

are installed in line with established system design and
industry standards.
2. Vat and refrigeration equipment are installed to meet design
specifications.
3. Commissioning tests are completed as required to ensure
that the operation of all elements of the cooling and storage
equipment complies with performance targets and milk supply
quality standards.

5 . Operate
and maintain
milk cooling
& storage
equipment

1. Routine maintenance program requirements are completed in

line with manufacturers' recommendations.
2. Repair and service requirements including operational
faults are identified as a structured part of maintenance
routines.

Key Competency

Examples of Application

Perform
ance
level

How can information be

collected, analysed and

Through interview of relevant industry

specialists and written recommendations

organised?
How are ideas and
information
communicated within this
competency?

Through the accessing of relevant

manufacturer's specifications, industry
minimum standards recommendations and
personal interview with the shed manager.

How are activities

Through the organisation of meetings with
planned and organised? relevant parties and suppliers.

How are problem solving The assembly of information and its collation
skills applied?
requires a team approach.

How are mathematical

ideas and techniques
used?

The use of relevant formulae in the calculation 2

of capacities, flows and cooling and storage
requirements

How is use of technology Through the effective identification of

applied?
performance faults and the application of
industry guidelines to determine the best
possible installation alternatives.
How is team work used
within this competency?

Through the use of measuring and calculation 2

equipment and through the use of suitable
hand and power tools.

5.2. Hoja tcnica de un tanque de enfriamiento de leche. (resumen de

resultados de diseo)

Bulk Milk Cooler 2000L U-Shaped Open Type

Milkon 2000 with gross capacity 2200 liters designed for easy handling. The fastest
cooling milk cooler due to unique design & laser welded evaporator. Least power

1 2 5
5
0 0 0
0
Part
0 0 0
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icul
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L
ars
L L L
T
T T TEasy to use & clean manually. Big manhole to facilitate pouring milk
consumption.
R
R R R
by milk cans
B B
MO B BI
2000 LTR
2000 LTR
5000 LTR
I- I- 1000 LTR
DEL I- D D
/TY D D
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Particulars
AMBIENT TEM
MAXIMUM
COOLING TIME
TEMP RANGE
CONSIDERED

AS PER
ISO
5708 II A

AS PER
ISO
5708 II A

AS PER ISO AS PER ISO

5708 II A
5708 II A

3.0 Hours

3.0 Hours

3.0 Hours

3.0 Hours

35 ->4C

35 ->4C

35 ->4C

35 ->4C

SINGLE/
THREE
PHASE
2480 Watts

SINGLE/
THREE
PHASE
4960 Watts

SINGLE/
THREE
PHASE
13040 Watts

SINGLE/
POWER REQUIREMENT THREE
PHASE
CONNECTED LOAD
1600 Watts
Range Statement

What analysis is required of the water supply to cooling systems?

Water supply analysis may include :

an assessment of the year round temperatures of the supply water

water quality assessment for sediment as well as bacterial and contaminant

levels

an assessment of foaming characteristics

supply pressures and volumes

available water cooling facilities and equipment

What components of farm milk cooling and storage systems that need to be
considered?
Components may include cooling water storage and circulation systems, tanks,
pumps, plate coolers and refrigerated vats.
What standard industry guidelines are adopted in estimating milk cooling
requirements?
Industry standard guidelines that need to be considered for milk cooling and
storage are provided by the dairy processors and original equipment
manufacturers and may include:

the need to reduce milk to 4 0C within specified period

preferred temperature ranges for cooling water

construction standards in line with industry minimum standard

recommendations.

What industry standards are used?

Standards for milking equipment installation are provided in the ISO standard 5707
and practical interpretations are provided in industry guidelines provided by the
dairy factories and the Australian Milking Machine Trade Association. Milk vats
need to comply with the Australian Standard AS1187.
Will design considerations include the correct siting of components?
Farm requirements for milk cooling systems design may include consideration of
the siting of components to meet milk collection requirements as well as the
location of components to meet industry installation standards.
What are the OHS hazards associated with storage and cooling equipment?
OHS hazards include: hazards of plant and machines, hot water, noise, electrical
and ergonomic hazards. An awareness of the human health issues associated with
the operation of cooling towers should also be considered.
What are the human health requirements?
All operations concerned with the human food chain need to undertake reasonable
duty of care with regard to human health. State Health Legislation will provide
guidance for the design and construction of cooling towers.
Does vat selection need to consider any additional factors apart from size?
Selection needs to consider milk entry temperature (including pre-cooling
conditions such as temperature and flow-rate of cooling water) as well as
other critical design considerations such as the refrigeration system for milk
once it is in the vat.
Will bulk milk collections be made very day or should consideration be given
to vat capacities to cater for more than a day's milking?
Vat selection may include the need to consider the requirements for daily or skip-aday milk collections.
Is a commissioning test always required for the cooling system?

A milk cooling system commissioning test may be a mandatory requirement by the

dairy factory to provide both the dairy farmer and the manufacturer of the operating
efficiency of the system.
What milk supply quality standards are used?
Milk quality assurance is specified and monitored through regular audit by the dairy
factories.
What sort of routine maintenance is required?
Routine maintenance programs may include service and cleaning of fans and fins
on refrigeration units together with the checking and replacement of drive belts, the
servicing of compressors and ensuring correct thermostat settings and operation.
What sort of operational faults will require attention during maintenance
routines?
Problems with cooling units may include dirty or blocked plates, problems with
restricted or incorrect water flow. Refrigeration units may suffer from problems with
airflow caused through dirt, dust or oil or simply a restriction to airflow caused
through incorrect siting or other causes.
Evidence Guide
What specific knowledge is needed to achieve the performance criteria?
Knowledge and understanding are essential to apply this standard in the
workplace, to transfer the skills to other contexts and to deal with unplanned
events. The knowledge requirements for this competency standard are listed
below:

the components of on-farm milk pre-cooling, cooling and storage systems

how milk is cooled on farm

the effect of cooling on milk quality

available milk cooling and storage equipment

the requirements of factory based milk quality assurance programs

industry recognised milking equipment minimum standards

relevant OHS issues relating to cooling and storage of milk on farm

relevant legislation relating to milk cooling and storage

applicable human health standards requirements.

What specific skills are needed to achieve the performance criteria?

To achieve the performance criteria, some complementary skills are required.
These skills include the ability to:

recognise and rectify operational faults in milk cooling and storage

equipment

perform tests on cooling towers

install and commission equipment.

Are there other competency standards that could be assessed with this one?
This competency standard could be assessed on its own or in combination with
other competencies relevant to the job function.
Essential Assessment Information
There is essential information about assessing this competency standard for
consistent performance and where and how it may be assessed, in the
Assessment Guidelines for this Training Package. All users of these competency
standards must have access to the Assessment Guidelines. Further advice may
also be sought from the relevant sector booklet.
5.3. Plano de la instalacin de ordeo y enfriamiento

1. Detalle instalacin de enfriamiento, cuarto de mquinas.

5.4. Plano del tanque a escala, indicando sus componentes y un corte en

donde se muestren las paredes, lmina, camisa evaporadora, agitador y
dems detalles. Se sugiere una vista similar a la mostrada.

5.5. Hoja de especificaciones del equipo, tomando como modelo el presentado

a continuacin .

6. Conclusiones y recomendaciones